POV: I'm on my third coffee and you just asked me how the internet works

Рет қаралды 100,749

Күн бұрын

To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/fasterthanlime/. The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant’s annual premium subscription.
This video was sponsored by Brilliant.
Thanks a lot to Tris from @NoBoilerplate for last-minute voice-over work!
Follow me on Mastodon: hachyderm.io/@fasterthanlime
Support me on Patreon or GitHub: fasterthanli.me/donate
(Reference continue below)
Contents
00:00 Sponsor disclaimer
00:04 Intro
01:53 Part 1: The Miracle of DSL
03:05 Part 2: The Loopback Network Interface
05:14 Part 3: IPv6
08:20 And now a message from our sponsor
09:55 Part 3 Episode 2: IPv6 (again)
11:03 Part 4: IPv4
12:32 Part 5: DHCP
14:28 Part 6: NAT
19:02 Part 7: Carrier-Grade NAT
20:18 Thanks
References
Home Page Documentary Trailer Directed by Doug Block (Passion River Films): • Home Page Documentary ...
asdfmovie4 (TomSka): • asdfmovie4
How the Internet works: Submarine fiber, brains in jars, and coaxial cables (Bob Dormon for Ars Technica UK) arstechnica.com/information-t...
Windows 95 Dial-Up in 2024 (NostalgiaWindows) • Windows 95 Dial-Up Int...
Understanding how Facebook disappeared from the Internet (Cloudflare blog) blog.cloudflare.com/october-2...
ARPANET & Logical map of it: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET
ZOOM 56k External Serial Modem Overview and Demo (dosdude1) • ZOOM 56k External Seri...
How Broadband ADSL Works (Computerphile) • How Broadband ADSL Wor...
Hampster Dance: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampste...
Web Design Museum: Old versions of KZfaq www.webdesignmuseum.org/galle...
Ievan Polka: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ievan_p...
Trippy: traceroute & ping tool in Rust github.com/fujiapple852/trippy
Geoipsed: Fast, inline geolocation decoration of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses written in Rust github.com/erichutchins/geoipsed
SDV's BGP map graph tool: bgpmap.sdv.fr/
Nautilus: A Framework for Cross-Layer Cartography of Submarine Cables and IP Links dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/36...
Wireshark: GUI packet sniffer www.wireshark.org/
Dominique en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique

Пікірлер: 297

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/fasterthanlime/. The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant’s annual premium subscription. Errata: 192.168.1.0/24 being a /24 has nothing to do with the fact that it’s not publicly routable. This range and a couple others are reserved by RFC1918. (This got lost in between script revisions, my bad!)

@roganl 2 ай бұрын

I was a bit taken aback by that fast and loose bit of story telling... "only 256 addresses" therefore it can't be on the internet???

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

Yep! That bit was factually wrong. The originally script quoted RFC1918, and had us run whois on it, which lets you know what it's used for, and talked about 10/8 and 172.16/12 etc. but I had to cut a lot of things so I could finish the video this century and now we have this unfortunate bit in. Oh well.

@roganl 2 ай бұрын

@@fasterthanlime - It's all good. Just your usual rigor wasn't on full display.... you needed to take another pass at a cute transition before you went into editing mode. Perhaps handle it like you did the loopback, an then toss off a reference to the RFC in the notes.. Also, you completely glossed ICMP.... Keep the videos coming.

@theNoriLi 2 ай бұрын

your video looks great! grats on the sponsorship

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

@@theNoriLithanks 💛

@funkintonbeardo 2 ай бұрын

POV: you are a team lead interviewing me for a network programming position

@saiv46 2 ай бұрын

Unrealistic, more like for Frontend Developer position. Some people ask unrelated things and expect you **not** to know.

@Morimea Ай бұрын

And you trying to not trigger fbi alarm pretending "you do not know how actually internet works, you never heard about bgp and how interent is insecure and easy to break, and you never read any cloudflare blogs".

@eUnkn0wn 2 ай бұрын

"This is what IPv6 sounds like to Americans who still don't have access to it." PREACH IT, BROTHER.

@snowwsquire 2 ай бұрын

Sucks to suck -american with ipv6

@jan_harald 2 ай бұрын

I'm in europe but STILL no ipv6 >:(

@codingneko 2 ай бұрын

Yeah, Spain too brother, Spain too... At least I can get an IPv4 with no CG-NAT, whiiiich is arguably better even... or more legible at the very least... Sucks I can't host shit over IPv6 tho

@baileyharrison1030 Ай бұрын

@@codingnekoCG-NAT is as bad as it gets. You can’t even port forward lmao.

@codingneko Ай бұрын

@@baileyharrison1030 I mean tbf, you can't port forward if you have no IP either xddd

@panbubr 2 ай бұрын

I didn't expect to hear a Polish segment delivered so well, you took me by surprise :D

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

Dziękuję!

@funkintonbeardo 2 ай бұрын

Dzien Dobry!

@omgwtfafterparty 2 ай бұрын

bober

@horryportier7539 2 ай бұрын

i though I'm going crazy from lack of sleep when it happened

@kamilogorek 2 ай бұрын

Nice to see @NoBoilerplate cameo in part 3.

@kamilogorek 2 ай бұрын

And polish language in part4.

@roganl 2 ай бұрын

I thought his Polish was quite polished@@kamilogorek

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

Fun fact: I finished editing this video in a train. All 600 assets were on my portable SSD, except for two voice takes, which DaVinci Resolve captured on the internal disk of my workstation at home... so I asked Tris for last-minute voice-over work and even though he was traveling, he obliged! (It's the second time he records something for me, unfortunately the first time, I ended up scrapping the whole video!)

@sploders1019 2 ай бұрын

Literally came to the comments to mention because I didn’t see any mention in the description lol

@Mtaalas 2 ай бұрын

When I was working as a technician for an eSports streaming company, we had 3 small servers around the globe to route traffic through or use for some other needs. Since we were often receiving an RTMP or other stream from across the pond or even from Japan to Finland, there were times when the route just wasn't optimal with direct routing, so if we chose to route the RTMP traffic first through one of the servers that were located for example in Germany, we could quite often "force" a better route and get good and stable stream :) but the truth truly is that nobody knows how internet actually works, and that's the whole point :D Packets somehow get where they're supposed to get... most of the time. But with video streaming etc. you might not be able to wait for the packets, so you need to get more creative :)

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

I love that story, thanks for sharing!

@fwfy_ 2 ай бұрын

this reminds me of the time when me and a friend were trying to play minecraft together. i hosted the server and forwarded the port, it worked beautifully. my friend who lived a town away, however, had THE WORST connection ever to my server. i'm talking so much packet loss it was just unplayable. so on a whim, i decided to do an experiment. i used a digitalocean droplet that i was renting from toronto (quite the distance away from us both, but still same country/province) to set up an SSH port forward back to my server at home. lo and behold, when he connected through the ssh tunnel, his connection was miraculously 100x better, and he was able to play just fine. i love the internet

@Ipanienko 2 ай бұрын

I thought I was going insane for a second in the Polish segment. I could understand what you were saying but I had no idea why. It took me a few seconds to realise that you were speaking Polish. A very surreal feeling 😅 Your Polish is really good by the way.

@zanbaldwin 2 ай бұрын

First sponsored segment I haven’t skipped in a long time

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

I'm glad! I honestly do these for fun more than for the money these days :)

@LunarLaker 2 ай бұрын

It took me until 7:53 to realise you're french and that's why it was going through french telcos. This is without mentioning I've already watched 4 of your other videos

@Ok_Mountain_8698 2 ай бұрын

He’s polish living in France

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

@@Ok_Mountain_8698I’m half Swiss half French (currently living in France)

@Taaz2 2 ай бұрын

@@fasterthanlimewhere does the polish come in then

@jotjakubjot 2 ай бұрын

yes, how are you so good at Polish then :D @@fasterthanlime

@adnanjpg 2 ай бұрын

babe wake up new fasterthanlime video just dropped

@zokalyx 2 ай бұрын

this is one of those videos I will watch again in like 6 months and only fully understand by then.

@DafuqModeOn 2 ай бұрын

Lmfao that switch to Polish caught me completely off guard. I thought KZfaq suddenly added a voice autotranslation xD

@xXUnknowPersonXx 2 ай бұрын

xDDD same

@mjend7581 2 ай бұрын

😂

@aimee_ Ай бұрын

THANK YOU for finally making a video about the internet that also covers IPv6 and doesn't say, "This is some other different thing, you don't need to know about that" I have waited SOO LONG for someone to make a video that isn't just IPv4

@michaelgattozzi458 2 ай бұрын

The story so far: In the beginning IPV4, NAT, and BGP were created. This has made a lot of people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move

@roganl 2 ай бұрын

+1000 for obtuse HHGTTG reference.

@autohmae 2 ай бұрын

At the moment I would say, it's still a positive over all.

@altosack 2 ай бұрын

In the beginning… NAT… Yep, you’re a _lot_ younger than I.

@jan_harald 2 ай бұрын

you meant DNS instead of NAT ;P NAT came way later, after there already were concerns about IP limits... oh and don't forget usa military and a few major companies own like half of ipv4 address space...

@supersat 2 ай бұрын

@@jan_harald some machines I've used didn't even support DNS -- you had to update the /etc/hosts file ;)

@Bravo-oo9vd 2 ай бұрын

11:08 I got spooked when you started speaking polish. A surprise to be sure, but a welcome one.

@pb3dpb3d 2 ай бұрын

also jumpscared

@gamehatter6216 2 ай бұрын

hearing dominique activated some kind of sleeper agent dread within me from the trauma of french classes at school, so thanks for that lmao

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

Mais de rien, c’est tout naturel. J’espérais trigger des fans d’American Horror Story surtout, mais pour l’instant, rien.

@realGBx64 2 ай бұрын

@@fasterthanlimeca va? Ca va beaocoup.

@satinxs8 2 ай бұрын

@fasterthanlime I know 0 French and it definitely triggered insane asylum scenes from AHS so... you got one

@2000YG 2 ай бұрын

i dont understand people that say ipv6 is too complicated but use NAT and CG-NAT just to have some ipv4 addresses. I started calling ipv4 "legacy ip" and ipv6 just "ip"

@el_quba 2 ай бұрын

Recently a technician from my ISP tried to convince me that almost no websites will work for me if I use IPv6 at home (let's skip the fact that I wanted to do dual-stack) and yet Google is reporting 50% of global traffic being IPv6 and mobile connections extensively use IPv6. The issue seems to be that a small group of people are stuck in the 90s refusing to even try to understand IPv6, but those people have a big influence on the network operations.

@SimonBuchanNz 2 ай бұрын

@@el_qubaI always heard it the opposite way, that if you host only on v6 that hardly anyone will be able to access it. Perhaps what he meant was few sites host ipv6, but 6to4 exists (which is why mobiles work), and it's less complex than NAT.

@SkegAudio 2 ай бұрын

Thanks for the amazing voice-over work, Tris!

@j00500hall 2 ай бұрын

Loved this one, especially the subtitles 😂 simplest explanation I've seen that I'd feel confident I could show my parents and they'd understand. Thanks.

@sapphie132 2 ай бұрын

Have to say, I was impressed by both the French pronunciation and the Polish one (admittedly the former makes sense, but the latter I was not expecting)

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

Thanks! It's good to have training pay off.

@gbassi 2 ай бұрын

Your videos are as good and as clever as your blog posts. Subtle smart remarks, very fun to watch. I knew all the stuff you showed but it was very entertaining. Cheers for that. I'm subscribing!

@chickenonaraft508 2 ай бұрын

Oh that song brings back memories. C ….. G A! C ….. G A, C B A G F F F# G E D C Geeeeeeee!

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

Did you.. did you edit your comment to fix the chords??

@Levi_OP 2 ай бұрын

When I heard tris I was amazed. Thank you for having him on. I love you both. Great video

@spookyfm4879 Ай бұрын

CANYON.MID!!! (at 0:58) Boy, that was probably the first thing my computer speakers ever put out - our family 386 only had an AdLib card at the beginning, so wav files were out of the questions, but MIDI playback worked. I must've listened to that song dozens of times as a kid.

@d0gowner 2 ай бұрын

im not complaining but why is bbno$ teaching me about the world wide web

@Autumn_Faye 2 ай бұрын

I'm a Network Tech for an ISP and this video is great! Your explanations were spot on!

@iChrisBirch 2 ай бұрын

Excellent. Please always keep your silly and fun delivery. I can't believe I actually enjoyed watching the Brilliant advertisement. Educational and wildly entertaining, thank you very much for the video.

@kaifenjoyer 17 күн бұрын

The first time I watched the video I was barely familiar with networking mainly thanks to my attempts to host a Minecraft server during high school. It required the understanding of private vs public IPv4 addresses as well as some fiddling with port filtering on a router. So, at first a lot of moments such as protocol names and command examples just went over my head. But dude, I'm in the middle of a Linux + networking course right now and it all made so much more sense. I've been able to truly appreciate your work explaining the overall picture of the Internet. Followed through all the steps, looked up a bunch of mentioned topics, understood the commands, got all the jokes (they're great btw :), and finally the pieces are coming together. Although I wouldn't recommend this video to a complete newbie, with some level of entry knowledge it's top tier. Thank you, genuinely. Now everything is much clearer. I subscribed. Keep it up!

@99Deezel 2 ай бұрын

this was amazing. much complexity in a simple, entertaining, form factor. GG m8

@Scie 2 ай бұрын

I really love this video. I have a slight understanding of how networking works so I was trying to guess where you were going next and was shocked several times at where you went with it. It’s very novel and I will be sending this video to people who are interested in learning (and some who are not)

@kjartannn 2 ай бұрын

This video will be an excellent alternative entrypoint into the rabbit hole of having your own autonomous system, as a private individual, with your own IP space announced from it. I can feel it.

@lingojam688 2 ай бұрын

i liked your little song at the end, very nice

@mtnsolutions Ай бұрын

what did I just watch... you, sir, have a unique sense of humor. and I appreciate it. you have earned my subscribe. keep up the great work

@bblackouttt 2 ай бұрын

thank you for the nice sound effects used !

@DSollick 2 ай бұрын

Well if I wasn't motivated to visit before, fresh pancakes definitely do the job...

@humankerbal3623 Ай бұрын

me on a date:

@FelixHdez 2 ай бұрын

nice video, thanks for the subtitles btw

@jotjakubjot 2 ай бұрын

I did not know I needed that. Thanks.

@imijmi 2 ай бұрын

Videos always need a second and third watch but love the deep dives. Thanks!

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

Thanks for your support! Mind the erratas in the pinned comment if you’re actually learning from these 😌

@gorge464 2 ай бұрын

Great explanation!

@maopow772 Ай бұрын

Great video Cant wait to see more content like this

@overrevvv 2 ай бұрын

The funiest ad segment, I've ever seen. And thank you so much for this fantastic video.

@0xfadead 2 ай бұрын

This is gonna be a banger

@NickAc 2 ай бұрын

(it was)

@alexchomp 2 ай бұрын

Awesome video, good energy and entertaining throughout. Please have me over for pancakes sometime this summer

@NateLevin 2 ай бұрын

Great video! One thing - the captions are wrapped in “”, might want to fix that if it’s an automated tool

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

Thanks! I just fixed it.

@ade5324 2 ай бұрын

it's a series of TUBES!

@RedSaint83 2 ай бұрын

It's not a truck!

@nelinearni 2 ай бұрын

wow what an amazing explanation

@RyanHuegerich 2 ай бұрын

Sing at the end was fantastic. I would listen to a full album based off that song.

@LARKXHIN Ай бұрын

I went to school for networking and never ended up using it that much (moved onto cloud work, but again the cloud's foundation is networking i just work with L1 and 2 less ) so this was fun to watch.

@Big_bangx 2 ай бұрын

Hearing the voice from Tris was a great add-on to the video :D

@SoreBrain 2 ай бұрын

Amazing content, two bangers in a row

@bromophenol2469 2 ай бұрын

FasterThanBoilerplate vs NoLime

@lumotroph 2 ай бұрын

I love the song at the end

@codeman99-dev 2 ай бұрын

I never expected to hear Tris on this channel! What a happy moment!

@AgustinLencina96 2 ай бұрын

nice video!! now i have to watch it

@MohammadMustakimAli 2 ай бұрын

Man! I never thought ill rewind and watch sponsored segment a few times 😂

@xenoglossia_ch Ай бұрын

i think the youtube algorithm delivered this to me because of professor messer's A+ course. thank you, this video is really cool :)

@autohmae 2 ай бұрын

This is pretty good ! I would have added cable Internet, maybe ? Not just DSL. The US is at almost 50% IPv6 adoption though, so pretty much the global average. Do we want to complain about the US, I'm certain some neighbor countries in Europe also apply. 10:55 actually, we got a lot of temporary addresses, your computer often creates new ones. 15:55 their is DHCP Guard and IPv6 RA Guard if you are luck and want it... 17:38 honestly, a bit surprised if it didn't do masquerade all the time. DNS Kaminisky attack mitigation workaround says it probably should ? Well, for UDP anyway, maybe not for TCP I guess ? 19:42 actually, the opposite is also true, see the talk: Freedom in the Cloud by Eben Moglen.

@SXZ-dev Ай бұрын

How quickly the accent comes on when he says "France Telecom" lol

2 ай бұрын

Less snarkily, I self-host a few services for reasons, and this has become much better with IPv6 - because it avoids the indirection to the IPv4 address of the router when I'm actually home. On the local network, IPv6 is routed directly, which is a significant speed boost. (Still have to deal with dynamic dns and everything of course, yet still.)

@codecraftercc 2 ай бұрын

Nice video and ingenious sponsorship segment haha

@co_to_to_nie 2 ай бұрын

The switch to Polish was /chef's kiss!

@fire17102 2 ай бұрын

I was wondering if you'll cover nat hole punching haha awesome 😊 love your channel

@user-vw9io2xf4n 2 ай бұрын

I've been scared of the inner workings of the internet up until watching this video. Without specific addresses in the examples I woudn't have enjoyed so much and understood so easily the content. So many educational videos give an overview the mechanism/protocol and don't go through it with specific numbers, which is useful for tracking what's going on. (on a small note, it's important to remember that sometimes being specific can cause people to draw wrong conclusions like when teaching geometry and more specifically properties of triangles)

@xM0nsterFr3ak 2 ай бұрын

17:58 that's how i am going to handle all phone calls from now on: Take the call, answer that i am not expected a call and hang up 😂

@MichaelDaCreator 2 ай бұрын

Started learning about how the internet works really enjoying myself don't know here to get more in-depth resources would appreciate any recommendations

@eboatwright_ 2 ай бұрын

I know No Boilerplate's voice when I hear it! Great video btw

@jorgeosorio1613 2 ай бұрын

great video

@mikkolukas 2 ай бұрын

2:35 👍for including the Loituma version of Ievan Polkka 😉

@HeroRareheart 2 ай бұрын

I have DDWRT and OpenWRT on my routers for a reason. Having up to date firmware reduces the chances I'll be vulnerable to some random bug that let's someone into my network.

@vanish3408 2 ай бұрын

Nice Polish! Are you learning it or just said it for this bit? Cheers from Warsaw!

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

I'm learning it! Thanks very much and cheers to you!

@kiyov09 2 ай бұрын

Very good video dude!

@lawliot 2 ай бұрын

Hi, I absolutely loved your explanations in this video. My ISP implements CG-NAT and I would like to learn more about it. So if you're reading this comment and planning on doing a continuation, please keep this in mind :)

@dirtyduck6987 2 ай бұрын

Pls upload the whole version of that dominique. It's great

@ajko000 2 ай бұрын

Everything carrier-grade is just repeating itself, or encapsulating. Working for a CDN and then SP has taught me a lot about layer 8.

@bode-fun 2 ай бұрын

Just coming here for the music in the end

@pani3610 2 ай бұрын

THIS IS GOLD

@bjarnehansen1101 2 ай бұрын

Great Video!! At 20:00 you mention a MAC-Adress to geolocation DB - what do you mean with that? I dont understand how that kind of Database would have any amount of usable data

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

So I was thinking of location.services.mozilla.com/downloads but upon closer inspection I see neither SSID nor MAC in there. Here's BSSID/SSID: github.com/GONZOsint/geowifi And I'm fairly confident other vendors track MAC, because it's uniquely tied to a device unless you spoof it: www.theregister.com/2011/04/22/google_android_privacy_concerns/

@bjarnehansen1101 2 ай бұрын

@@fasterthanlime Oh wow i would not have thought of someone actually gathering all the necessary data for that.. but of course its google again... Thanks for the info!

@LarryAszune Ай бұрын

Aha! So if I drive to Lyon, all I have to do is tell you I'm coming over, and then drive around until I can smell the freshly made pancakes

@cotneit 2 ай бұрын

One of the best sponsor segments

@VivekYadav-ds8oz 2 ай бұрын

I don't get NAT hole punching. The hole has been punched for (intermediary_server_, port). Then how can I connect to (friend_ip, port), unless it's the case that NAT only does translation individually from source -> destination and src_port -> dest_port?

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

I think the reason it works is because the router only needs to remember the port and which local address it’s meant for, and not the source IP. More info here: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hole_punching_(networking)

@zekicay 2 ай бұрын

@@fasterthanlimeAnd why it doesn't always work - some NAT boxes remember all 5 numbers (protocol, source IP, destination IP, source port and destination port)

@comosaycomosah 2 ай бұрын

whats the song at the end

@TheSwanies 2 ай бұрын

Welcome back lime!!!

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

Thanks!!

@alexlowe2054 2 ай бұрын

As a software developer, this explains why I never had a clear understanding of IPv4. It's confusing as heck, and all you have to figure out what's going on is a bunch of tools that only give you partial information, and people can sit between you and your destination and modify your stuff. Amazing. I think I'll stick with my debugger that allows me to inspect the full memory of the program, pause, modify values in memory, hotload new code to fix a bug without rerunning the entire transaction, and jump to a previous line of code to rerun a previous method again, with different values. Being a network engineer sounds awful.

@bigman2760 2 ай бұрын

i like the subtle addition of Ievan Polkka as background music :)

@EzzeldinKandeel 2 ай бұрын

That was amazing

@kipchickensout 2 ай бұрын

Das war mal wieder ein sehr nettes Video

@abtiwary 2 ай бұрын

Haha love your sense of humor! Also i hope the cat has stopped trying to attack you :D ...if only

@fasterthanlime 2 ай бұрын

He just needs to find other ways to express his love x) I'm working on it.

@mbiernacki9 2 ай бұрын

What version of Dominique is this, can't find it :D

@el_quba 2 ай бұрын

No Boilerplate took me by surprise!

@Barnardrab Ай бұрын

You just summarized 4 years of CCNA classes.

@janos1945 2 ай бұрын

Wow really good

@alastor--radiodemon7556 2 ай бұрын

i came here thinking i was finally going to understand how to do internet stuff. now i understand that what i actually don't understand is ipv4. nothing changed :c

@cambrown5777 2 ай бұрын

Small thing but I saw at 14:42 that you are using an Ampere instance on Hetzner! I’m a logic design engineer there! What do you think? Any comments/complaints from making the switch to ARM?