Prelude to a Revolution | History of Antibodies

Рет қаралды 96,218

3 жыл бұрын

You may have heard a lot of talk about antibodies lately, especially in relation to vaccines. We wanted to tackle this important subject, but these tiny objects are deceptively complex! So, this is the first of three episodes in a mini-series on antibodies, and in it, we'll talk about how we hacked the immune system to fight pathogens, neutralize deadly toxins, and more!
Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk
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Sources
www.sciencedirect.com/topics/...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
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www.sciencedirect.com/topics/...
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Image Sources:
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commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
www.loc.gov/pictures/item/200...

Пікірлер: 219

@jonathanorlando1294 3 жыл бұрын

I learned this from a little show called "Cells at Work"...

@jeromegaces6184 3 жыл бұрын

I gotta say thats a great anime

@markusklettke4841 3 жыл бұрын

Code black ist awesome

@brennanbeltrano295 3 жыл бұрын

Weeb

@DallasBolin 3 жыл бұрын

"There are 37 trillion cells inside the human body..." I really wish CR would update both of those faster, I am so hooked. It's such a unique kind of anime. Also hot take, the "regular/normal cells" are my low-key favourite side characters in all anime.

@iwontliveinfear 3 жыл бұрын

OMG those platelets are so cute!

@alexrydin 3 жыл бұрын

Rose was a great addition, feels like she’s always been around.

@starparik 3 жыл бұрын

Pathogen Enters! Macrophages/Neutrophils : Together Brothers! Cytokines : Brace for the Impact! Antibodies : Hold my Beer! Complement System : Reinforcements have joined! T-Cells : Leave the rest to us!

@kdavis4910 3 жыл бұрын

I love a man that understands the immune system.

@cristina-montenegro 3 жыл бұрын

I was trying to explain this to my toddler today as he was vaccinated against a type of meningitis. Love this videos.

@em1osmurf 3 жыл бұрын

yes. in my 1970 boot camp company, one guy got pulled out for meningitis. RTC issued us all an extra blanket, then kept the barracks windows wide open, in 45 degF california wind for 2 weeks--i was POd (think: showers, etc). decades later i came home from deployment and found my 4yo granddaughter was in coma with spinal meningitis--i was scared to death. hold him tight.

@thevioletskull8158 3 жыл бұрын

He’s a toddler,so I don’t think he can get it yet but idk

@conman1395 3 жыл бұрын

@@thevioletskull8158 if toddlers can understand puzzles, they can understands antibodies

@cristina-montenegro 3 жыл бұрын

@@thevioletskull8158 yes, I know, I just have fun explaining things to him in a cute way

@em1osmurf 3 жыл бұрын

@@thevioletskull8158newborns can contract it, and be killed by it. your viewpoint is why half a million covid deaths and rising "i'm young, so no worries".

@LuinTathren 3 жыл бұрын

This is a great video! I look forward to the whole series. I'm definitely going to watch all of them, but I do hope Rose continues to host them. She's kinda my favorite. But I love all the hosts! Thank you, Rose, for presenting with such charisma. It makes these so much more engaging and entertaining.

@alisgray 3 жыл бұрын

She is very engaging! I'm a fan.

@pendragon_cave1405 3 жыл бұрын

Love Rose, she has a good voice and delivery for presenting 😊 Edit to add- and fantastic earring choices!

@Rattiar 3 жыл бұрын

100% agree. I don't know what it is about her voice. It's just extra clear. Like, for whatever reason, her enunciation is extra easy for my brain to process with minimal work, which means I can more easily process the information she's conveying. I struggle to explain it, but it is impressive.

@Annihilord 3 жыл бұрын

And don't forget the most important thing, she's rocking a scholar's cradle, that's how you know she's a serious tutor, Lindey Beige told me that!

@kleinewolke9025 3 жыл бұрын

Thanks for teaching me something about antibodys. I really appreciate it. :)

@kleinewolke9025 3 жыл бұрын

@USUG0 3 жыл бұрын

so, then let's start with: one antibody, many antibodies! ;-P

@jeffhappens1 3 жыл бұрын

Rose Bear Don't Walk, you're the first person I see with a Native American (or is it Indigenous People?) surname like that. Thank you for representing people with Native surnames so that they become more familiar.

@Direblade11 3 жыл бұрын

Yeah, didn't realize she was First Nations until just now. Good to see one just be normal, gonna help people to not stereotype or be biased against them as much :)

@mitchhak2 3 жыл бұрын

Uh-oh! You left out her potentially being Métis, how dare you! Lol get outta here with your stupid identity politics. She’s just reading off a screen, there’s no representation of talent here.

@Direblade11 3 жыл бұрын

@@mitchhak2 That's kind of the point. Natives are normal people, who knew?

@ZipplyZane 3 жыл бұрын

@@mitchhak2 Identity politics is the concept that people in certain identity groups will often come together to vote as a block due to common interests. It's common, and you likely do it, too. And it has nothing at all to do with anything being discussed here.

@naivesunshine4800 3 жыл бұрын

2:45 her face when she says "This is how vaccines work!"

@kdavis4910 3 жыл бұрын

Those memory B cells, T cells ( Killer and cytotoxic) and adaptive immunity in general are positively golden.

@DefnitelyNotFred 3 жыл бұрын

Commenting to get this series more on the good side of the algorithm

@jozef_chocholacek 3 жыл бұрын

Great video! Looking forward for the next episodes. Btw. most of the big companies that produce monoclonal antibody drugs use the software my team is developing - we help them organize the data they produce during the process and thus to speed up the whole R&D process. And I love this work.

@alfredsutton7233 3 жыл бұрын

One of your best medicine related video yet. Thank you SciShow

@_andrewvia 3 жыл бұрын

Rose, I see that, apparently, whatever you decide to do, if you put your mind to it, you succeed tremendously. Thank you for helping to host these educational videos. Awesome!

@alisgray 3 жыл бұрын

Rose is such a talented storyteller!

@keremmu 3 жыл бұрын

Very relevant subject, very well written and very well delivered. My compliments :)

@mimidhof2179 3 жыл бұрын

This is one of my favorite channels. Thank's to the all team for the good work you all do here. 👍👏💐🥗🥇

@rickseiden1 3 жыл бұрын

TOMORROW! I GET TO SEE ROSE TOMORROW! WOOT! WOOT!

@beetbat5568 3 жыл бұрын

this is super smart and well-timed! i really appreciate y'all putting out this kind of information as vaccines roll out and the public gets more curious about them. also - an aside to the host - your earrings are great :)

@mikestewart7338 3 жыл бұрын

Great job Rose. Looking forward to tomorrow

@emberszz5199 3 жыл бұрын

We’re in biology and we just learned about the immune response. I had this specific question about using antibodies as a treatment but the teacher didn’t give us time for it. Thanks scishow for answering my question :)

@callabeth258 3 жыл бұрын

As a pharmacist this is a better explanation of why monoclonal antibodies work and how they are made than any official paper or training I have read! Thank you!

@RoxaneJ14 3 жыл бұрын

Love how you guys try new formats this week !

@MrBrelindm 3 жыл бұрын

This will be an interesting series. Will you be explaining how the T cells do their crucial part in the immune response also?

@internexusx 3 жыл бұрын

Great idea! Are you listening, SciShow?

@Tinky1rs 3 жыл бұрын

Great idea, but probably not in this miniseries. Something about: "this is the first of three episodes in a mini-series on antibodies" Have you looked at crashcourse's crash course on the immune system? their video on cellular immunity: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/qMpilslmzbzFnIE.html

@daisuke910 3 жыл бұрын

@@Tinky1rs very good referral. Crash course has a great animation on educational videos. 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼

@Bildgesmythe 3 жыл бұрын

Best explanation I've heard, thank you!

@Padoinky 3 жыл бұрын

She is a very engaging speaker and fits in well with the other girl and the two guys . Hank is just in a whole other strata of nerdy wiseass comedic story telling

@paymenomind1604 3 жыл бұрын

This was great. Thanks scishow!

@Golden_Rabbit 3 жыл бұрын

I was just looking to learn about antibodies. Thank you for making this! 😄

@elizabethperimontclason3242 3 жыл бұрын

good health to everyone

@mitchhak2 3 жыл бұрын

Which means no vax

@MindFieldMusic 3 жыл бұрын

I love this topic. More of these please:)

@MaskedNozza 3 жыл бұрын

Thanks Rose Bear!

@User18277 3 жыл бұрын

Looking forward to this series

@em1osmurf 3 жыл бұрын

excellent! 8 years ago i was a volunteer lab rat for Hep-C research (successful). i had an education into immunology more than any my family (officers/medical) could have taught me in 10 months--yeh it was a long horrifying haul, but when you see that quick line in the Hep-C ads on TV that says in red letters "No Ribavirin", that's a BIG DEAL really ugly medicine, but as i said, it worked. gotta watch this series through!!

@dancingvirgil 3 жыл бұрын

Rose has the most wonderful voice.

@caringforpork 3 жыл бұрын

Great episode

@ryanblack844 3 жыл бұрын

So intricate and complex. If I was somehow in high school again I'd plan to go to college for immunology. It's just so fascinating!

@altortugas5979 3 жыл бұрын

Brilliant. I love scishow, makes me want to change careers and become a scientist.

@UncleBildo 3 жыл бұрын

As always, interesting stuff!

@ColonelBanana 3 жыл бұрын

I think the people who dislike must already know everything there is to know about the human immune system, so they dislike to show how cool they are.

@electronresonator8882 3 жыл бұрын

if you're talking about humans, then there are people who dislike anything just because they can

@evilsharkey8954 3 жыл бұрын

Or their finger slipped.

@user-bp8yg3ko1r 3 жыл бұрын

SciShow has taught me more than our questionable education system...

@majikmessiah 3 жыл бұрын

The best thing a teacher can do is give you the desire to learn, I didn't learn that until years after I graduated.

@mitchhak2 3 жыл бұрын

This is part of the questionable education system, you just don’t know it.

@alexturnbull1301 3 жыл бұрын

@@mitchhak2 how exactly?

@Qcstoned 3 жыл бұрын

which education system isnt questionable?

@mitchhak2 3 жыл бұрын

@@alexturnbull1301 well it’s the OWG promoting this channel, among others, like crazy to get people to take the vax, among other nefarious goals. So it’s just another mainstream avenue of the same authoritative sources financed by the billionaire industrialists telling you to get their untested chimeric gene therapy and then taxing the plebs for the whole program. Same old story, different enemy. Sorry for the rant, but I was on a roll.

@robertfoyle154 3 жыл бұрын

Wow, I've never seen this few comments on a big channel before

@electronresonator8882 3 жыл бұрын

if you compare to meme channels and nowadays trending channels, this channel actually not that big... 6.5 million subs in 9 years

@sivadasannarayanan1328 3 жыл бұрын

Part 1 you say? Waiting for part 2!

@Nmethyltransferase 3 жыл бұрын

Monoclonal antibodies are also used to treat high cholesterol. In fact, I take one of them: Repatha (evolocumab).

@liltonyabc 3 жыл бұрын

Very cool!

@electronresonator8882 3 жыл бұрын

the injected horse was like, " what !? a new disease?...I guess, I'm a lab horse now"

@viniciusnoyoutube 3 жыл бұрын

Awesome

@user-bv8jx7wo8m 3 жыл бұрын

Super cool that you're doing a miniseries about antibodies for free! Especially since the majority of the human population will come in contact with a vaccine in the (unfortunately sometimes not so) near future!

@dragonhoff 3 жыл бұрын

When I first saw the thumbnail, I thought this video was about how horses are used to make glue.

@limalicious 3 жыл бұрын

My mom: *laughs in immunocompromised*

@butanding21 3 жыл бұрын

Hello SciShow I am one of your followers... I was hoping that as soon as possible please vlog about the different BRANDS of covid-19 vaccines that are being develop all over the world please include their efficacy, side effects, number of deaths and the likes thank you and more power to your channel

@Beryllahawk 3 жыл бұрын

Lovely! and now I want to go and watch Cells At Work again, hah

@guilelme 3 жыл бұрын

Would be cool a video about aptamers.

@FroggyTWrite 3 жыл бұрын

i have notifications turned on for this channel, but for some reason they have not been showing up. i had to come here after wondering why i've not been seeing any video from here for a long tome.. something is maybe going on with youtube??

@bryanfinegan5252 3 жыл бұрын

Very interested in this as I recently had a monoclonal antibody treatment for cancer

@fyang1429 3 жыл бұрын

What's the price? Sounds like you are either rich or have healthcare coverage (or both).

@bryanfinegan5252 3 жыл бұрын

@@fyang1429 Courtesy of the National health service in the UK

@elliephants7047 3 жыл бұрын

did- did you say *blood cancer* cell? this is super interesting, though!! I really enjoyed learning more about the serum thing, that's always interested me.

@dr.sciencee640 3 жыл бұрын

yes you fuse the B cells with myeloma cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol which helps in the fusion of the cells. You place this cells in HAT medium and a Hybridoma cell is formed. Please watch my Immunology playlist to know more about Immunology.

@hyric8927 3 жыл бұрын

See you tomorrow! :D

@pedrovieira4227 3 жыл бұрын

this is insane!!!

@Andrei-pt3nq 3 жыл бұрын

I get how antibodies neutralise viruses etc. But how do they help from rejecting an organ or autoimmune diseases??

@DeRien8 3 жыл бұрын

Just registered today to donate convalescent plasma for COVID-19

@DownThemAIl 3 жыл бұрын

@5:36 what does it mean to fuse a b-cell with a blood-cancer-cell? how are two different cells fused? can i fuse any two cells? thanks in advance

@TheBackyardChemist 3 жыл бұрын

google "hybridoma monoclonal"

@dr.sciencee640 3 жыл бұрын

@golfgrabu 3 жыл бұрын

Tks a bunch for presenting this miniseries that should help demystify how anti covid-19 vaccines work.

@NymNymO2 3 жыл бұрын

Flux compensator in the thumb nail.

@olivenboo 3 жыл бұрын

by chance was that cancer cell for monoclonal use the henrietta lacks cells?🤨

@henrycameron8248 3 жыл бұрын

If you're enjoying this series, check out an anime called "Cells at Work"! It covers other topics about the human body but the cells are depicted as people in different jobs around the body :)

@ceceliawight7059 3 жыл бұрын

That was very easy to understand.

@SciShow 3 жыл бұрын

Oh good! Thank you!

@ptonpc 3 жыл бұрын

I need some body. Antibody. To love.

@yuanbo2858 3 жыл бұрын

I don't think there are "billions of unique antibodies" in our body. There are only 5 types of antibodies found in our body currently, IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE. Of course, we may find more types of antibodies in the future, but stating billions rn is just overly exaggerated. However, the content is really good and thank you for spreading knowledge.

@beansnrice321 3 жыл бұрын

What is this, the Bloodborne episode of SciShow?

@infinitumneo840 3 жыл бұрын

The next step in immunity defense is the use of nanotechnology to augment our natural immune system, hence we have new vaccines for complex virile infections. The down side is many of these are not tested sufficiently, and long term consciousness may be severe.

@ellawatson2711 3 жыл бұрын

Hold the phone, Crohn's disease too??? I'm gonna have to look up about this

@ellawatson2711 3 жыл бұрын

Oh, I'm already on one 😂

@zenith251 3 жыл бұрын

My word, I thought the thumbnail was implying "From horse to glue." I saw the syringe as a bottle of white liquid at first.

@huldu 3 жыл бұрын

I guess it's only a matter of time until we're basically next to immortal to everything except our aging bodies and stupidity. It makes you wonder how that civilization will be. We've all seen some really depressing sci-fi movies/series dealing with this topic. At the end of the day there are just way too many people. It's a worrisome future.

@MR-hx5vz 3 жыл бұрын

Ummm.... ya wanna expand on that "B cell plus a BLOOD CANCER CELL" thing you just kinda glossed over there..?

@chirallabs226 3 жыл бұрын

It's possible for some cells to fuse, via their membranes, I'm not too sure but they probably fused them with cancer cells since cancer cells have a high replication rate

@dr.sciencee640 3 жыл бұрын

@ofi1238 3 жыл бұрын

Not often can one say cancer can save lives.

@serraphimoon 3 жыл бұрын

So if a patient already have been cured from covid 19, can we replica his antibody to produce a serum?

@jehmarxx 3 жыл бұрын

I'm curious about how these processes get a roleplay adaptation in Cells At Work, but it's too bloody for me (I'm a highly sensitive person) so I'll never know.

@YaMumsSpecialFriend 3 жыл бұрын

Fascinating 🖖🏼

@sethsoarenson7414 3 жыл бұрын

SciShow: Your body can fight off millions of diseases Me, sick: bet

@richardjones2455 3 жыл бұрын

Too complicated......I need a cartoon with aliens and ray guns, pew....pew.....pew!

@bananasenpai 3 жыл бұрын

That part about how our antibody is like, 10nm and the rona is 100nm just looks like a meme hahaha

@teria7835 3 жыл бұрын

Wish we could vaccinate against inherited auto immune problems like psoriarsis .... -_-'

@korbinadkins2610 3 жыл бұрын

This one was cool

@JohnnyRottenest 3 жыл бұрын

You WILL see me tomorrow.

@minnymouse4753 3 жыл бұрын

Why not try the RNA memory transfer in humans

@chinmayi9622 3 жыл бұрын

Happy World Wildlife Day!

@shubh5614 3 жыл бұрын

v cooll

@zone3336 3 жыл бұрын

Take a shot every time someone says anti body

@ketsuekikumori9145 3 жыл бұрын

Which one? The ingestible one or the intravenous one?

@zone3336 3 жыл бұрын

@@ketsuekikumori9145 well depends do you do heroin if so that if you don’t then alcohol. Both if your crazy

@fyang1429 3 жыл бұрын

@@ketsuekikumori9145 intravenous shot of carfentanil -> instant death

@twocvbloke 3 жыл бұрын

**Sees thumbnail, thinks "Flux Capacitor", is a geek...**

@CheeseDaddy19 3 жыл бұрын

Came here to say this

@grim6540 3 жыл бұрын

Cells at work, anyone?

@pierreabbat6157 3 жыл бұрын

How do B cells produce billions of different antibodies, if there aren't billions of genes?

@schrodingersGinger 3 жыл бұрын

so... can an antibody stick to another antibody?

@elparaiso1438 3 жыл бұрын

Some can, you've got different types. The secondary ones which can are used in ELISA. Ones used in the normal or vaccine immune response are fine though, they can't really so it's all safe.

@apextroll 3 жыл бұрын

I wonder which type of covid vaccine will be the best bang for the buck if you already have had covid. I'm guessing the mRNA type since most of the mutations appear to be on the spike protein.

@philsophkenny 3 жыл бұрын

😀

@Jay.B.2046 3 жыл бұрын

For the algorithm.

@2012YoutubeWasBetter 3 жыл бұрын

Ill show you a sticky tip😉😉😉

@ethanleroux7911 3 жыл бұрын

Cells at work on crunchyroll taught me this already

@flyhigh9944 3 жыл бұрын

Hi to the person scrolling by, have a great life.. we may never come across each after this...

@kleinewolke9025 3 жыл бұрын

Yep. Have a nice day too! :)

@kleinewolke9025 3 жыл бұрын

@flyhigh9944 3 жыл бұрын

@@kleinewolke9025 aw thank you! You too. It’s night where I am though so hopefully it’s a good night 😴

@kleinewolke9025 3 жыл бұрын

@@flyhigh9944 yes I'll go to sleep to now. Have a lots of things to do tomorrow. So then: Good night to you💤💕🌙🌟. "Sometimes we all just have to show a bit more kindness." ~ I hope you'll remember this message for some days. ^^

@SciShow 3 жыл бұрын

Hi!