Notice how he never touched the trees behind him, you know, where the Green Screen is at, Instead he walked over to the side and touched the Styrofoam prop tree in his studio. I'm pretty sure that if that was a "real" Canadian forest, then their would be maple syrup buckets attached to all of the trees. I wish he would just drop the kayfabe, so we can get those sweet, sweet Shutterstock referral codes.

"We are gonna move those comeets and they are gonna pay for it!"

the whole forest conspiracy is a big compliment to the work you guys do with lighting :)

Fraser, for next Apr. 1, do a Q&A in a studio with a green screen. Project your forest background on the screen and then create a glitch a few times so it becomes obvious to the viewers that your using the green screen. Then sit back for a day or two and enjoy the comments.

Wow! Your green-screen graphics/technology is crazy good! When you did the walk-around thing the 3D CGI was mind-blowing! O.O

Fraser Cain forced to touch a tree by the internet is hilarious, can that be the reason for conspiracy theories, for fun? But of course, he is right, if he was in front of a green screen, we would have seen him on the bridge of a star trek space ship or something

Really impressed with the Pixel shot: even with two light projectors pointing directly at the lens, the picture was great!

I've definitely also noticed the lighting and resolution being totally awesome recently

Better yet, Fraser has his own Holodeck and we're all living in it!

The tree-touching made me laugh :D Never change, Fraser

Haha, you have Douglas Firs in front of your green screen!?

Interesting speculation about Lagrange points of black holes. You can't have them too close to the hole, though. Inside a black hole's ergosphere, about 1.5 times the radius of the event horizon, there are no stable orbits. Even light can't orbit there, though it can escape the hole if it's going basically outwards. This presumably rules out stable Lagrange points inside the ergosphere.

You're the best! The guy who asked if you were in front of a green screen was hilarious. I think it's your perfect lighting that make it appears you're in front a green screen. I love your work @FraserCain

Conspiracy Theory #27: He has a 3D green screen.

Thank you for this informative and educational video. :-)

5:22 I believe that question (and the answer) can lead to a misunderstanding. Both galaxies are heading toward each other, but Milky Way is traveling faster. Now if you consider relativity of points of view, you cannot tell their velocities, so it would be impossible to establish who's going faster; but since we can use references such as other galaxies, it's "safe" to say that Andromeda is also going towards us, but at a lower pace. Great video anyways!

Maybe if you softened the light it would reduce the "green screen" effect. Take some translucent tracing paper and attach it to the lights with like a binder clip and it will act as a diffuser. I'll talk about space next time, promise.

9:21 Yepp, you're in the forest all right. Looks like Endor :-)

i love these Q and A's

It's not that the cable is pulled harder as it gets closer to the ground (although it is), it's that as it gets longer you need more material which increases the required tensile strength because the tether needs to support its own weight, not just the cargo.

The lighting in this video is amazing

Diagrams that show how mass warps space usually look like a sheet of fabric being pulled down by mass. How do rings look? Does the center pop back up? What provides that force?

I can't believe they went to all that trouble to create a 360 degree green screen, make a set that looks like a forest and cut down an actual tree just to pretend that they aren't using a green screen, what a joke.

I like your production quality. It reads perfect on my vector scope. Well lit.

I love that you went over and touched the tree. You just look too good with the new cameras!

Regarding the space elevator... With current technology, how far down into the atmosphere would we be able to build one? And how much do we have left to go till we'd reach the ground?

That's a cool idea, get green screen and you can host from starship, another galaxy, alien world anything relating to space, It'll be super cool.

I've always wondered "you can't tell the difference between gravity and acceleration." The effect of gravity is always a gradient (r^2), whereas that of acceleration wouldn't be, so you could tell by holding masses at different altitudes.

I am asking a couple of questions. 1. If you can accelerate to approaching the speed of light. What happens to the atoms in your body, and the atoms in the space vehicle you are traveling in. 2. If you built a Dyson sphere, would that structure have its' own gravity. Would the sphere affect the space around it.

Q on the expanding of the Universe: We say Space Is Expanding and regular scale matters stay the same size. Isn't that any different to say Space is still the same, just that matters are shrinking.

RE: naming stars... Fraser did software. He knows the 3 most prominent problems in software are 1. picking a project name and 2. off by one errors.

If moving towards a source of light blue-shifts it, could you spin a solar panel in a hot room - blue-shifting the infrared light into useful visible light?

subscribed and liked the video

Trees!!! I love your content! Keep it up man⭐️

Touching a tree is not enough. I will only believe it's not a green screen when you climb a tree.

Fraser Cain, I have a question: Aside from theory and mathematical models, is there any way that we can actually test for the existence of parallel universes? How about for the theory that our universe is actually inside a supermassive black hole?

Regarding terraforming, I would more put it this way: While Mars is the easiest object to terraform in the Solar system, it says more about how tough terraforming is than Mars actually being easy to terraform. In fact, when you put it into perspective, Mars is only the better target because it doesn't need speeding up its rotation or removal of massive amounts of its atmosphere. Even if we "gave" Mars an atmosphere that would be a copy of that of Earth's, there would still be the lack of magnetosphere on Mars - and unless that would be taken care of, Mars would both experience higher radiation levels at its surface (although that would be significantly filtered out by the presence of Earth-like atmosphere) AND loss atmosphere (which would, in the long run, counteract the think atmosphere sort-of-shield against radiation). Combined with the lack of geological processes that would keep martian atmosphere replenished, Mars would have to be artificially kept terraformed, or it would eventually revert to its current frozen-and-almost-with-no-atmosphere status on its own (over a very long time - it would be effectively stable over a human lifetime - but it would happen fast enough that every few generations something would have to be done). And that's without solving the tiny problem of Phobos eventually falling onto Mars. Really, the only reason why Mars is the easier target to terraform is because of all the insane stuff that would have to be done on Venus for it to become "surface-habitable" (if at all possible - if I remember correctly, it is considered possible that every few hundered milion years, Venus just completely re-does its surface). In fact, if we switched the "planet" part of Venus and Mars (meaning, Venus would be where Mars is, would rotate as fast as it does now and would have its very thin atmosphere, while Mars would orbit around where Venus is, have rotation as slow as Venus does nowadays and somehow would hold onto Venus' atmosphere), Venus would be a LOT nicer target for terraformation (although the lack of magnetosphere would still be a massive problem, two and a half times stronger gravity of Venus would make retention of Earth-like atmosphere nearly automatic), whereas nobody would even think about terraforming of that tiny hellhole that Mars would be. We should just build sky cities on Venus. I mean, besides water, it's all there! At 50km height, the temperature and pressure are a near-copy of Earth's atmosphere. The winds circumnavigate the planet once every four days (if I remember correctly), which is a lot better than the 243 days on the surface; the building material (carbon) is all around, and creating it would leave us with oxygen, that we need to breathe; at the specified height, air is a lifting gas, meaning the floating cities wouldn't need any propulsion keeping them at sufficient height (or nearly any); and there is still enough atmosphere of Venus above the 50km line that it filters out most of the solar and cosmic radiation away. The only problem would be sulphuric acid rains (meaning, the outer hull of said cities would have to be coated in material resistant to sulphuric acid) and lack of water (which would have to be imported from other places in the solar system, or taken out of the sulphuric acid rain), but that is still incredibly easy compared to terraformation of Mars or any other spot in the Solar system. (heck, we already have the technology needed, it would just be very expensive and hard to justify on its own).

Really the proper way to think of the galaxies merging is to say that are moving towards each other since neither has negligible mass for the question. though the Milky Way will move a little more.

upvote! walking off "set" and interacting with the environment :))

How about building a Dyson sphere around the black hole? Maybe have some sensors on the inside so that it moves if the hole is moving so that the sphere doesn't get sucked up. Also maybe try to use that futuristic tractor beam technology to stop the black hole and make it "stationary" with respect to the galaxy center or something. Then move all the black holes you find into the same space and you'll just have hundreds of them all in their own spheres just orbiting each other and not eating up our precious galaxy anymore.

Can you have different physics in different parts of the Universe?

Whoah! You really are in a Forest! That camera is crazy good. I thought you were going in front of green screens the past few episodes

Hey Fraser, where do you think we as a species will be in terms of our exploration/colonization of the solar system? And do you ever see something like 'The expanse' occurring in real life?

Let's say there are two equally massive black holes orbiting each other, and you park your spacecraft exactly between both of them. Would it not be possible for the black holes to get almost arbitrarily close to each other, and thus you, whilst still remaining outside of both of their event horizons (equal forces in both directions) so as to investigate whether there is any extent to the black hole's mass, such as a further compressed neutron star rather than a singularity?

I think the reason people have such difficulty comprehending the forest being real is, the lighting quality, Fraser is well lit, with artificial lights but in a real background. It must confuse people.

Gravity is radial, acceleration is linear... Accelerate a photon in a mirror box it gains mass-energy but, having no rest mass it would be pure Doppler-upshift energy and 'frying' you... The Lagrange point between nearing mass-holes is potential-energy-vaporizing....

i love these videos! :) they answer so many questions i have! and speaking of questions do smaller stars like orange dwarfs or red dwarfs do have more sun spots because its cooler?

Could we nudge a bunch of asteroids closer together to form a new planet? How many would we need before they start smushing together to form a sphere?

6:41 was that a mouse pointer? This is totally a conspiracy, that tree you touched was a paid actor

Hi Fraser, I have one question about Fusion. I understand that all the suns are made of Hydrogen Fusion ball. Is there any other star with Oxygen Fusion, Nitrogen Fusion or any other gas fusion ball?

If you few through the Lagrange point between two co-orbiting black holes wouldn't you get a gravity sling shot that would accelerate you close to the speed of light?

Hey Fraser, if we assumed that the universe was infinite in size (past our observable universe), wouldn't that mean that the size of the universe at the moment of the big-bang also had to be infinite? If that were the case wouldn't the big bang be a more-dense infinity expanding rapidly into a less-dense infinity?

Black holes and gravity wells in general are fascinating topics but I've noticed that the 'visual models of black holes, as well as any other massive object that bends space-time are two-dimensional, showing the bending of a single plane or slice of space-time while in reality space-time is bent in all 3 dimensions (plus time, of course). It's undoubtedly quite challenging to show 3-D models but wouldn't a 3-D model better visually represent how objects behave when in proximity of a black hole?

Q: How special are black holes with the property of consuming other objects in the universe? And: If an object in the universe can change into a black hole, why should that object be a star?

2:28... That question made me wonder about something else. What if you were just below the event horizon and another black hole got close enough that you dipped into their event horizon also? Since the event horizons are overlapping in opposite directions, would that overlap area cease to be an event horizon and thus you could escape?

Those are some crazy bright lights to be running on batteries- which I'm assuming they are unless your forest has indigenous species of outlets

I'm not an astrophysicist, but I'm pretty sure a lagrange point inside a black hole's event horizon would violate the definition of an event horizon. The only thing I can think of akin to such a thing would be the space between two merging black holes. I've always imagined the event horizons stretching out toward one another forming an hourglass shape, but thinking about it, it seems like the event horizons might form more complicated shapes than I had imagined. So maybe there could be a pocket inside coalescing black holes that was temporarily not inside the event horizon but was surrounded by event horizon in every direction. Or maybe not.

The question about terraforming planets in our solar system got me wondering if we were to introduce large amounts of sulphur to the atmosphere of Venus would that be a good way to block out radiation from the sun and cool the planet to a point where it would eventually be habitable for us?

Question: It seems everybody has different ideas about KIC 8462852 (Tabby's star), the star discovered by Kepler Space Telescope to be dimming an unusually large amount. Some think it could be the sign of an alien mega-structure. What are your thoughts on this unusual star?

Are there galaxies with no super massive black hole in the middle of them? If so, is there any difference between the 2 kinds of galaxies?

If a group of identical and equidistant black holes approach a central location until all the event horizons overlap, how would you describe this inner sphere of space surrounded by overlapping black holes?

Hi Fraser, I'm loving the channel; Great stuff! I have a question: If we could create a magnetic field around a planet for our own ends, I suppose we could create one to inhibit an existing natural field. Could we deplete the atmosphere of Venus enough, to bring the atmosphere down to more 'tolerable' levels; to open up new possibilities for possible settlement?

The guys who run this simulation love your conjecture on terraforming I'm sure.

What would it be like living in a galaxy with a quasar at its center? Would we just have a REALLY bright star-like thing in the sky all the time (or at least as long as we're one the side of the planet facing the center of the galaxy) and life continue as normal or would most of the material in the galaxy be part of the quasar? I guess for the sake of the question, lets refine it to "What if the Milky Way had an active center?". Would it be visible from Earth as something brighter than any star or would we be too close to the "envelope" of the quasar?

For having been a math minor, I suck at basic math. How long would it take for a passenger in a spacecraft to travel to Proxima Centauri by accelerating at 1 G halfway there, and decelerating at 1 G halfway (so that you arrive at "speed slow enough to stop at a planet")? Relatedly, how long would pass on Earth?

I think that ball of oxygen will be a star in its own right,but instead of fusing hydrogen it will be oxygen.

If you were close enough to two black holes merging, could the gravitational waves rip you apart?

Is it at all possible to have two black holes orbiting each other with overlapping event horizons? If not, just what would happen if the dark holes had stable orbits about each other, or if one was very large and one was very small but its center was outside the event horizon of the larger hole, if their event horizons touched.

I see a problem with trying to cross the event horizon at a very large black hole where the tidal forces are low. Because as you approach the black hole the gravity is getting stronger and time dilatation is also getting stronger. In fact at the event horizon time stops. So if you were falling in backward looking out at the universe you would see all of time pass until the end of the universe before you crossed the event horizon. If this is true for an astronaut it wouldn't be true of any matter falling in? Does the mean black holes are really eternally collapsing objects and not true black holes? Can you explain why I am wrong?

an experiment for a lvl 3 civilatation: lets mine iron and heavyer (stable) elements. and lets pile time togher in an empty peace of space. and keep piling it up to about 8 solar masses. it cant start fusion as the elements are to high on the later. but what whould happen?

If you could send a large ball of Iron at the smallest star mass capable of super nova, how long would it take for it to sink into the star's core and how large would the ball of Iron need to be to cause the star to nova?

How much red and blue shift does the light from headlights become as drive toward and away from sources? Could we see this tiny amount?

how ring galaxies are created, does galaxy core emits some kind of "wind" pushing matter away from it?

How about a video covering the collision of two white dwarves with a total mass less than 1.4 solar masses... and of two white dwarves with a total mass over 1.4 solar masses?

hahaha. Brilliant on the green screen thing.

With regard to the space elevator, would the cable be under tension or compression? Because in one of your answers you make it sound like it's under tension, but wouldn't it be under compression from its own weight?

There can under no circumstances be any stable location inside the event horizon. Once you cross it the singularity is in your future. You cannot avoid it without moving backwards in time. There can no stable orbit or location.

if you was within the the event horizon of a super masive black hole. would it be theoretically possible to escape from within the event horizon by another super massive black hole passing by really close?

Could you have a Lagrange black hole at L1 between two supermassive black holes orbiting each other?

Could a spacecraft have an orbit around a black hole where only part of it is inside the even horizon? Would it somehow be possible to send sensor data up to a part of the spacecraft outside of the event horizon to be transmitted back to a safe distance? There must be some way we can have a peak at a singularity...

Would it be possible to build a space elevator in stalactite/stalagmite fashion? That is, part of it hangs down from a geostationary counterbalance and part of it is built upward from the ground. There would a gap between the two when each has reached the upper limit of its strength. It would require some type of ship to ferry between the tower and the hanging elevator but wouldn't it be cheaper in the long run than going all the way to orbit in a conventional manner?

question fraser....what would happen if we give the moon an artficial magnetic field before terraforming would that help?

Since light is getting stretched by the universe's expansion, doesn't that mean it's losing energy? Where is that energy going? Into the expansion itself?

The name you didn't say... is imtypingbackwards backwards ;) Another problem with lowering a tether for a space elevator is the orbital velocity. The whole length would need to be slowed together all the way down or it wouldn't "fall" straight.

Can a mini black hole be used, like in the center of a spacecraft to create gravity? Maybe in some kind of special environment where if it escapes, it just gets evaporated? 4K/HDR stuff is awesome. Lots of cool tech is coming like Intel i9 / X299, AMD Threadripper systems, along with nVidia Volta based Titan, and AMD Vega graphics.. Can't wait!

The couple that teaches the world about space together stays together...I think it goes something like that.

I just watched video where dr. Neil Tyson talked about kinetic explosions vs chemical explosions (for example craters on the Moon). Could you give your version of that?

Congratutations on the show. I would like to engage you on a thought experiment. If centres of mass produce gravity, and gravity affects spacetime, can a event horizon be formed at the centre of mass of large Scale structures such as superclusters. what would it imply?

If you have a ship with a powerful enough laser, you can heat up the surface of the comet and the steam jets would push it to some degree.

Got a question "what are some of the notable achievements/findings that have been discovered by citizen scientists such as with Boinc or amateur astronomers?"

Hello! Quick question: What are you thoughts on the possibility of life at the trapist exoplanets?

To expand on that question of the oxygen star colliding with our sun, would that cause a supernova?

Dear Fraser, are there any exoplanets that experience no nighttime on their surface? (like those orbiting several stars or something...) would something like that be even theoretically possible?

Instead of terraforming a body, what about building an environment inside or underground? Would that be terrariumforming?

A WSH or Q&A topic Please. Hi Fraser 😃 Given that there is talk that the planets in our Solar System did not form where they are now. Could Mars have been nearer the Sun at some point ???? Could planet 9 be one that almost got thrown out when planets were changing orbits ???? Please discuss the latest thinking 😃 Tks. Malcolm

Q: first thank you for inkluding My question and linking to the other video. Since the topic always fascinate me I'll follow up with som more! The talk has been about accelerating to the speed of light. That in itself is a interesting idea for the preservation of humans and spreading our species even though we will never have contact. But how much energy would it require to boost from 0 to 9.8g in one second, and then again and again? For how long is it possible? My original thought was not for light years, but say the moon or mars or anything in the solar system.

L. Neil Smith wrote a novel called _Pallas_, about terraforming the eponymous asteroid. He envisioned encasing the asteroid in a self-healing plastic-like sheath and then inflating that with an atmosphere. That would solve the lower gravity being insufficient to retain the atmosphere, but it leaves the engineering problem of the sheath itself.

Mars is also temporary cause it's atmosphere would be also blown away by the sun, it has mo magnetic field. What about Venus, if we somehow able to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere does the proximity to the Sun still heats it too much?

Did the first generation of stars have planets form around them?

Hello Fraser, could you explain why the sky is dark? If there's light of countless stars coming from all directions shouldn't it actually be very, possibily infinitely bright?