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I admit that I have not studied the history of the ancient Semites, thanks to you I am catching up. Of course I will go to Iraq one day✌❣

This channel is awesome. Love your work Cy

For all those who wish to know the "Closest living relatives" of these ancient languages/people, here they are: *Hurro-Urartian*: Possibly the Northeast Caucasian languages/people, more specifically the Nakh languages/peoples, who may have an important component of the Hurro-Urartian tribes. Another possible relative would be Armenian, who constituted a part of the Hurro-Urartian tribes. They are widely believed have a substratum of Urartian. *Kassite*: Most likely Hurro-Urartian and therefore the Nakh languages or Armenian. *Hattic*: Possibly the Abkhazo-Adyghean (Northwest Caucasian) and/or Kartvellian languages/people. It may have been related to the unattested Kaskian language whose name may be cognate with an old names for Circassians, the Čarkas, Kasogi, and Kerket. One of the names of their Abešla may be cognate to the ethnonym of the Abkhaz people. A subdivision of the Kaska might have passed north-eastwards to the Caucasus, where they probably blended with the Proto-Colchian or Zan autochthons resulting in the creation of a Proto-Georgian state called Qulḫa in Urartian, and Colchis/Kolchís in Greek. The little known anthronyms of this state are Greek, Anatolian, Iranian, and possibly Abkhaz. *Elamite*: Possibly the Dravidian peoples or the Lurs/Kurdish people. According to some linguists, the Dravidian languages were brought to India by immigration into India from Elam. In 2019, a study concluded that the Iranian ancestral component in the Indus Valley people was contributed by people related to but distinct from Iranian agriculturalists, lacking the Anatolian farmer-related ancestry which was common in Iranian farmers after 6000 BCE mixed with people related to Indian hunter-gatherers ca. 5400 to 3700 BCE. The existence of Brahui speakers in Pakistan supports said Elamo-Dravidian hypothesis. The Proto-Lurs were believed to be the Elamites themselves, and according to some, the Lurs diverged from the Kurds around 1000 years ago. *Sumero-Akkadian*: Sumerian was almost certainly a language isolate. While Akkadian is technically equidistant to all Semitic languages/peoples, the Aramaic language is the "closest", as it contains an Akkadian substratum. The Modern Assyrians themselves are literally the continuation of the original Akkadian Assyrians, who became linguistically Aramized. *Mitanni Substratum*: The Mitanni elite had likely spoken an Indo-European language, more specifically Indo-Aryan language. They spoke a language very closely related to what we call "Vedic Sanskrit". There are no "closest living relatives" of these people as they are linguistically equidistant to all Modern Indo-Aryans, but the Romani people in Syria (or Domari) or the Lomlar (Armenian Romani) would technically be the closest genetically as they inhabit the same area..

I can't wait to see a video on Sinaitic, Canaanite aka Paleo-Hebrew, Phoenician, and other Semitic language's

Heres a question. If many of the Native American languages formed around this time does that make them bronze age languages as well? Or are we just qualifying them based on bronze use not time period?

Can you do a video about the biography of Taharqa who ruled from 690 BC - 664 BC?

I love ancient Mesopotamia. Thank you for the video!

I have always had a very strong fascination for the cuneiform languages. Thank you for this great video!

Finally! That damn school project took me so many hours to make, I barelly got time to sleep. But now I can go back to my daily ritms and check this channel again. 😌

There is no channel with as much expertise and knowledge on Mesopotamia than History with Cy! Keep it up, can’t wait for the next one!

Definitely make more videos on languages if you can. Its amazing that you keep these videos free. They helped a lot in my first semester. Thanks!

Awesome video, thank you!

Always happy for more Mesopotamian material!

Another great video! Thanks, Cy.🙏

CY!! Hello! This was a really informative episode. Loved it! Hope all is great! Your channel has grown exceptionally! Great work as always!!

Wonderful! Thank you so much for this video. ♥️

Love your work, Cy 💕 keep 'em comin'!!!

Super interesting! Looking forward to more language videos! :D

I would love to see a longer and more complete video about sumerian language!

Yooooo the quality went up by 1000%! I love how the new maps show the mountains and more detailed waterways. Keep it up!

Thanks for the great video

Thank you for this! A topic I've always been fascinated by and wanted answers to.

You are a true resource to ancient history. I recently went back to your Cyprus bronze age show after reading about a finding off Isreal of cypriot ignots that were forged in Sardinia. The finding reavaled that Cyprus was more developed than previously thought. Your show detailed the south eastern part of Sardinia as part of their expansive trade network(and where the material came.from) I was and am still glad to know that your shows help give better understanding to that article and the ancient world overall. Keep up the good work!

Thanks Cy that was super duper interesting

Thanks, Cy! This was an enlightening presentation. I have wondered where Kassite and Hurrian came from. There is a Hurrian Hymn available on KZfaq, but I don't know if any lyrics are out there.

I'm going to show up every time I can just to say that Cy absolutely rocks! I mean like, absolutely. Great work man.

Much appreciated! Really great history channel - love it! Do you have any academic degree in history?

Are Sumerian, Elamite, Mannaea, pelasgian, ancient minoa, Hurro-urartu, Kassites, Darvidia, and Gutian also included in the ancient Proto-Semetic languages?

Thx Cy!

CY is one of the best channels around. Loved this!

Thanks cy!

As usual, another killer video!

I love this video! Do you plan to touch upon other geographical regions' languages or are you going to limit yourself to near east for now? I find this topic especially fascinating.

Cy thanks for the video. Maps showing language names/centers and language divergence trees are useful. Very interesting!, "interesting" is translated as um ... I know little, much uncertainty and need to catch up!

I love your long videos, but I also appreciate these shorter ones because I currently don't have the time to watch a full one.

Thank you..

Never heard of this people until now thanks

Could you do a similiar video for different languages of different regions during different areas? Such as the Americas, or Europe?

Can you make other videos about the Bronze Age languages? My desire to know more intensifies.

Thank you for this video. I found it very interesting and gave me some new insight to better understand the Sematic languages. Probably you would also be surprised to learn that Latin and ancient Greek languages were also some how linked to the Sematic languages and had things in common and also had quite few words taken from Arabic or Aramaic. As I am interested in history, I think I would like to reach out to you. If you didn't mind. How to contact you?

A fascinating topic! Sorry I didn't watch this video sooner. I've been preoccupied with current events. It was nice to take a little break from worrying about them.

Thanks for the education. Please would it be possible to contact you personally?

Wonderful video. I learned so much!

I might’ve missed it-is Elamite at all related to Sumerian or Akkadian, other than adopting the written (as it were) cuneiform system?

Great video! But I was wondering how we know that the Sumerian language was no longer spoken, because the records are still in Sumerian

awesome video Cy! Do you know what the Sumerians, Akkadians or later peoples called the region? "Mesopotamia" is a GREEK term - and is so jarring and incongruous in comparison with all the other city, kingdoms, and place names of the regions we see and hear. (For example, "Egypt" is also a non-native term later peoples assigned to the lands along the Nile river, I believe the native Egyptians called their land Khemet")

5:23 Aramaic 🧐

What microphone are you using?

Would be cool to see something about Helmand Civilization, we had Jiroft Civilization and Oxus Civilization so it's appropriate to have something about it, linking both modern Afghanistan and Iran

I wonder if more information can be presented about Eblaite. I read once that this language specifically has features that disappeared from the rest of the Semetic spectrum and only Arabic preserved them. Not sure what these features are though (but I'm guessing Nunation maybe?).

The connection of the biblical story of Nimrod and the Tower of Babel makes a lot of sense with the languages. ❤

Yes very cool.

As for the language of the Ubaid people. It is really hard to tell what is Sumerian and what is Pre-Sumerian or whether Sumerian even is indigenous to Mesopotamia or not. The usual arguments whether words are of Pre-Sumerian origin are often unconvincing. Names of places should be mentioned here, that the name of cities are often completely unrelated to the way they are written, Lagash is written as SHI.BUR.LA for example, Ur is SHESH.AB, what do these names even represent? In the case of Nippur as NUN.KI it seems almost obvious that it might be the princely city, but as for the others I have no idea. Are you familiar with the Euphratic hypothesis by Gordon Whittaker? He tries to identify a lot of Pre-Sumerian vocabulary and assumes a non-Mesopotamian origin of the Sumerians.

This is a good overview of the Mesopotamian languages going back to Sumerian which appears to be first that we know about. I look forward to more in depth videos on this subject.

3:50 "...around 330 BC." An excellent video as usual, but this isn't your first video, where you get a date mixed up like that. It's a minor detail to be sure, but since you've already put so much work into these videos, I don't think it would add any difficulty for you to do a quick number review before you publish. 🙂

3:50 You mean 3,300 bce. Right? Good video overall.

It just randomly occurred to me while watching this video (should have since) that ancient war fronts must have been a cacophony of languages. From the battle of Kadesh till today, language differences must have been a key part of warfare, trade and peace.

I found your lack of trust on Paraguay disturbing

👍👍👍

Great video! I am curious to know more about this Ubaidian culture that existed prior to the sumerians... Were they the founders of Eridu, and are they the creators of cuneiform or is that honor given to the sumerians. How do we know of their language from sumerian texts? How can we tell some words are sumerian and some are ubaidian?

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Is "Ubaidian" the same as Proto-Euphratean? I believe that a pre-Sumerian language substrate isn't fully accepted by historians.

* Primal screaming while furiously beating my chest * BASED BASED BASED BASED

I am looking for a half decent show on Grotefend. So far no luck. What you find on KZfaq is pretty much a disgrace (e.g. people just reading from Wikipedia 😞) Your show it not too bad (yeah, it is extremely difficult to present longer time periods in a captivating manner). Can you make a show on Grotefend? (I would even offer to assist you as I can read his native tongue).

What did they speak in Jericho going back 9,000 BCE?

When you listen to samba in a channel about Ancient Mesopotamia... 💃🧕🥁🎶

*Everything reeks inflation in the economy.... I don't know who, however a person desires to pay attention to this, you have to stop relying on the government and saving all of your money . Venture into making an investment a few in case you actually want monetary freedom...*

Hurrian comes from India... vedic sanskrit

The Kurds are the same as the Sumerians, both in terms of geographical location and because of the similarity of the ancient works and the linguistic roots, so in order to know the language, history and culture of the Sumerians, I suggest you read this book, and it tells you with documents and evidence that the Sumerians They are Kurds, they are not Arabs, Iranians, or Turks. "THE LOST AND UNTOLD HISTORY OF THE KURDS"

Languages semitic family

Aramiac still exists. It's called chaldean Assyrian mandean and syriac languages. Don't use the term Aramean which is a derogatory term.

Since the Hebrew alphabet don't have letter 'J', where did the 'Lord Jesus Christ' came from.

as usual, good history videos, yet I’d like to point something out regarding the Assyrian, Akkadian and Babylonian languages, especially the first two, they existed thousands of years before anything called semitic came to be. I understand it’s a linguistic term adopted by linguists and historians to group what’s called a family of languages, yet it is wrong and way off. how can any of the older Mesopotamians speak a semitic tongue before the patriarch of their linguistic namesake even existed? i’ve researched the timelines , Shem, according to jewish sources, was born between 2300-2100 bc, but he Assyrian cities of Aššur, Erbil, Nineveh were founded between 6000-4000 bc. it is just a mathematical impossibility that Mesopotamians could speak a tongue named after a jewish creation story character, thousands of years before he walked the earth, assuming he was a real person and not myth. there is nothing semitic outside of judea or israel itself, and they don’t even have a history there prior to 1300 bc, again according to their own texts and records, therefore this linguistic term is an absolute fallacy, and very much tarnishes the identity of the aforementioned Mesopotamians which deserve their own linguistic term, more so than their neighbors, just due to their longevity of existence there. Nineveh, the oldest Assyrian city was founded by 6000 BC, with Erbil and Aššur following soon after, predating the arrival of the Sumerians by at least 1000 years, yet no linguistic credit and respect is given to Assyrians, and are instead, swept under the much fabricated and late semitic or dialect of Akkadian rug. A term with more meaning, like Indo-European or even indo-iranian should be duelly given to the Assyrian language and all that seem related. as with IE languages, this term should describe a geographic region, a culture and people, semitic does neither of which, therefore a much more suiting term would be Assyro-Levantine or Assyro-Akkadic. This would be eqaually and fairly as descriptive as Indo-Iranian. A nation that was the first true empire, trade empire, standing military, university, zoo, aqueducts, and so many more firsts is more than deserving of its own linguistic term that would serve as the umbrella term for all languages that were either related or influenced by it, and nothing would be more fitting than both, Assyro-Levantine and Assyro-Akkadic. Just because academia continues to regurgitate a false term, doesn’t mean we independent researchers or students have to.

Sumerian language "isolated"! Elamyte language "isolated" Indus valleyl lang"isolated"! Dravidian language "isolated"! But indo european languages Sorang from bengal in india To end of Europe all languages Are united in the name "Undo European"! What a drama!

Hurrian is Indo European. Why are you avoiding talking about that? As are some others you talk about.

𒍝 𒂊 𒂷 𒂊 𒈬 𒉈 𒅗 𒂷 𒂊 𒍝 𒂊 𒈬 𒉈 𒅗