England's Mercenary Export Hit: Sir John Hawkwood and the White Company

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Күн бұрын

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This is the story of how a band of English mercenaries revolutionized tactics in Italy, came to dominate Renaissance politics, and arguably laid the foundation for the age of the condottieri. It is the story of the White Company and the cunning John Hawkwood-acute general, loyal Englishman, and, most importantly, endlessly avaricious mercenary.
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Some must read mlitary history books:
Ambrose, S. E., Band of Brothers: E Company, 2001. amzn.to/438ltvZ
Baime, A. J., The Accidental President: Harry S. Truman, 2017. amzn.to/3TcDGUj
Beard, M., Emperor of Rome: Ruling the Ancient Roman World, 2023. amzn.to/49L2olR
Bevoor, A., Stalingrad: The Fateful Siege: 1942-1943, 1999. amzn.to/4a4rqwe
Beevor, A., The Second World War, 2013. amzn.to/3wNFITu
Brennan, P+D., Gettysburg in Color, 2022. amzn.to/48LGldG
Clausewitz, C., On War, 2010. amzn.to/3Vblf5
Kaushik, R., A Global History of Pre-Modern Warfare: 10,000 BCE-1500 CE, 2021. amzn.to/49Mtqt7
McPherson, J., Battle Cry of Freedom, The Civil War Era, 2021. amzn.to/3TseYAW
Tsu, S., The Art of War, 2007, amzn.to/3TuknHA
Sledge. E. B., With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa, 2008. amzn.to/439olIK
Pomerantsev, P., How to Win an Information War, 2024. amzn.to/3Ts0YqQ
Bibliography:
Caferro, W., Articles, Warfare and Economy in Renaissance Italy, 1350-1450, In: The Journal of Interdisciplinary History vol. 39 (2008) p. 167-210.
Caferro, William P., Hawkwood: Florentine Hero and Faithful Englishman, in: The Hundred Years War. Different vistas p. 295-328.
Caferro, William P., "The fox and the lion": the White Company and the Hundred Years War in Italy, In: The Hundred Years War. A wider focus, 2005 p. 179-210.
Caferro, William P., Slaying the hydra-headed beast: Italy and the companies of adventure in the fourteenth century, In: Crusaders, condottieri and cannon, 2003, p. 285-304.
Fowler, K., Medieval Mercenaries, 2001.
Mallet, M., Mercenaries and their Master. Warfare in Renaissance Italy, 1974.
Mallet, M. s. v. Mercenaries in: Maurice Keen, Medieval Warfare. A history, 1999, pp. 209-229.
Savy, N. s. v. Great Company, in Clifford J. Rogers, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, 2010.
Knödler, J., s. v. Brabancons in Clifford J. Rogers, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, 2010.

Пікірлер: 242

@SandRhomanHistory Ай бұрын

Drop your doomscrolling habit: Go to the link: imprintapp.com/SandRhoman_History_LIB_1 to get 20% off an annual membership

@anon2034 Ай бұрын

Can you make a video on Machiavelli's failed militia? I read that they "had a few successes" but ultimately "were defeated by mercenaries" to the chagrin of Niccolo. But can't find anything specific. Great video!

@KillerAngelPilot1 22 күн бұрын

I love your siege videos! I would absolutely love to see a video on the siege of Ceuta, the longest siege in history. I can’t seem to find any KZfaqrs who have made a good video explaining in depth how the siege went

@TheStrategos392 Ай бұрын

Hawkwood was a terrifying mix of Sun Tzu and Machiavelli, and lived to be over 70 years old and amassed great wealth. An incredible life.

@lolasdm6959 21 күн бұрын

Sun Tzu and Machiavelli gave similar advises

@winzyl9546 14 күн бұрын

Sun Tzu is much worse than Machiavelli's book.

@lolasdm6959 14 күн бұрын

@@winzyl9546 bro literally does not understand Sun Tzu’s book is about common sense in war. Many of Machiavelli’s advice are outdated, the art of war never goes out of style.

@SteveB-nx2uo 5 күн бұрын

Machiavelli was not a bad person, the book he wrote is not a 'how to' it is "this is what these shit lords are doing" he was basically the guy giving away the magicians tricks, but the magicians are harsh feudal overlords. he gave people a glimpse behind the curtain as to how the elites think, and control us to this day.

@theliato3809 Ай бұрын

"Captain John Hawkwood." Sounds like a name straight from a Fantasy book. No wonder his rep was so good.

@MM22966 Ай бұрын

Hawkwood and the White Company was popularized in English historical/fantasy fiction by the likes of Arthur Conan Doyle. Interest and historical awareness of him has flowed from that.

@EndingSimple 29 күн бұрын

Gordon R. Dickson used him as a character in his Childe Cycle SF novels. Which is why I know about him. Interesting to learn of the real man. Btw is name was not pronounceable among non English speakers so his name was Latinised as Johannes Acutus ("John Sharp"). So there was a Sharp in Italy before there was one in Portugal.

@ingold1470 29 күн бұрын

This is because the fantasy genre is a close relative of late Victorian historical novels, which were often written about men like Hawkwood.

@MrVvulf 29 күн бұрын

@@EndingSimple Giovanni Acuto was what the Italians called him. As in English "Acuto" (Sharp) has the multiple meanings - dangerous as well as clever and wily. I own the Caferro book the narrator referred to many times, as well as another on Hawkwood by John Leader. It baffles me a bit why no movies have been made about his life. Fiction authors have certainly based many tales upon him, including Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ("The White Company") who created Sherlock Holmes. Chaucer's own story "The Knight" isn't based on solely on Hawkwood, but there's no doubt he was influenced by his time spent as Hawkwood's companion and fellow negotiator.

@MM22966 28 күн бұрын

@@ingold1470 Good point.

@Cahirable Ай бұрын

Hawkwood is fascinating, because he doesn't seem to have amounted to much before the 1360s, despite the advantages he had. His mother had probably been from at least the gentry, and his first wife was probably also from the gentry or nobility, but we see him brawling and "borrowing" a neighbour's horse to plough his fields. This doesn't mean he was ploughing his fields - or perhaps more likely, his brother's fields - himself, but more likely he was simply managing the farm and his brother's properties in the area. Froissart calls him "the poorest knight in the army" when the routiers attacked Avignon, so he'd been knighted between 1351 and 1360, but doesn't seem to have gathered any notable group or acted as an independent captain worth noting. From 1360 on, though, he begins to skyrocket in prominence. It would be *fascinating* to know what changed to drive him onwards. If only he'd commissioned a poem or chronicle like Bertrand du Guesclin and other prominent men of the period.

@konstantinriumin2657 Ай бұрын

daemonic pact is a hell of a drive

@Cahirable Ай бұрын

@@konstantinriumin2657 I'm sure Hawkwood's enemies would agree with the sentiment!

@anon2034 Ай бұрын

@@konstantinriumin2657 Griffith is that you?

@rune.theocracy Ай бұрын

@@anon2034 I was looking for these kinds of comments LOL glad I'm not the only one who thought about the 'Company of Hawk'

@lcmiracle 23 күн бұрын

@@konstantinriumin2657 How might I serve the great lord Tzeentch, the changer of ways?

@GAarcher Ай бұрын

*The OG Band of the Hawk, no comment*

@primordialpouch1139 Ай бұрын

Came down for this comment

@tenshrimp Ай бұрын

OG the Hawk of White

@gregoireaurelien8205 Ай бұрын

For real in my mind I was thinking about berserk all along

@eldorados_lost_searcher Ай бұрын

"So put your glasses on, Nothing will be wrong."

@Cormano980 Ай бұрын

Miura took heavy inspiration from famous historical figures and events

@cartesian_doubt6230 Ай бұрын

" In the 30 years that he served as a captain, Hawkwood's earnings ranged between 6,000 and 80,000 florins annually (in comparison, a skilled Florentine craftsman at the same time earned 30 florins a year)"

@maximillianscholtz9109 13 күн бұрын

Holy😮

@themecoptera9258 Ай бұрын

It’s really obvious why Machiavelli hated mercenaries

@SwampGreen14 23 күн бұрын

I mean, they were literally just bandits and marauders. Only that they would occasionally fight on your side if you paid them enough extortion money. They might also just take your extortion money and join your enemies.

@lolasdm6959 21 күн бұрын

There is a reason why Geneva convention does not protect mercenaries

@removedquasar650 Ай бұрын

Ooooh John Hawkwood! Called Giovanni Acuto here on Italy

@duncanself5111 Ай бұрын

Hawkwood is a strong surname

@MarktheRude Ай бұрын

So what exactly led to the end-situation where renaissance Italy essentially became Europe's dedicated PVP zone?

@iseeyou5061 Ай бұрын

When France arrived

@Swift-mr5zi Ай бұрын

@@iseeyou5061 I'm not sure that ended it

@iseeyou5061 Ай бұрын

@@Swift-mr5zi The question is what started it

@fuferito Ай бұрын

A lethal combination of strong neighboring kingdoms while Italy insisted on remaining divided, yet extremely rich and productive, whose squabbling factions kept inviting foreign mercenaries or foreign crowns directly to settle their conflicts.

@jakemocci3953 Ай бұрын

Very wealthy city-states rather than centralized power.

@Pentagathusosaurus Ай бұрын

Virgin Italian Despot vs Based English Mercenary

@vasilykatuma5689 Ай бұрын

*versus the TYPICAL english LOOTER...

@thenoblepoptart Ай бұрын

hawkwood might have been a chad but mercenaries are such a massive pain in the ass. People who know history know that the moral of “the pied piper” isn’t about not trusting strangers, it’s about always remembering to pay your freelancers…

@MrVvulf 29 күн бұрын

It should be noted that the 130,000 florins that Hawkwood extorted from Tuscany would be worth about $25 million today. And that was just ONE of his more successful campaigns. He was one of the most interesting Englishmen of the 14th century.

@lolasdm6959 21 күн бұрын

@@MrVvulfextort treasure from despots average mercenary W

@SB-129 Ай бұрын

4:14 "Honey... Why is it that no matter where we go, everyone has to torment us in some way?"

@adrian9098 Ай бұрын

"John Hawkwood, British knight, most prudent leader of his age and most expert in the art of war" Thats how bad badass this guy was

@Pentagathusosaurus Ай бұрын

Chrsitian Cameron's Chivalry Series is set in this era and follows the career of a largely fictional character inspired by John Hawkwood (Hawkwood is also a character in the series). He's an excellent author of historical fiction (and sci fi and fantasy) and he's a keen reenactor himself which adds a lot of authenticity to his stories (alongside doing a ton of research).

@Cahirable Ай бұрын

There's a few changes made to history and occasionally a interpretations that I think are outdated or a stretch, but he's the only historical fiction author I know of who has actually gone to visit an archive to look at unpublished manuscripts as part of his research process, and his deviations are usually to highlight some aspect of medieval society that might not have otherwise been worked in so well. Definitely recommend the series!

@awilk418 25 күн бұрын

One of my favorite series! I’m going to be sad when we say farewell to William Gold.

@shovelhead2155 6 күн бұрын

I'll check it out. You might like Glen Cook's "Chronicles of the Black Company". Amazing 9 book series

@jeremiedelusignan950 29 күн бұрын

Hello ! I’m a descendant of John Hawkwood. His story always fascinated me. Thank you really much for this video about his company and his fights.

@omarab837 20 күн бұрын

How are you related to him?

@kimberlyperrotis8962 21 күн бұрын

The Italians had trouble pronouncing Hawkwood, so the called him by the closest-sounding Italian word, Acuto, which means needle. Very apt.

@SandileNgwenya-gv7nx 21 күн бұрын

Acuto meant Sharp I think

@robeerob 14 күн бұрын

@@SandileNgwenya-gv7nx or acute

@Uberdude6666 26 күн бұрын

Very interesting video! The Angevins seems like another good example of feudal marriage-alliances being used for actual empire building. I did not know they had a cadet-branch in Hungary.

@ThePaculdop Ай бұрын

Damn, even before the coming of the Empire, the English were already making waves.

@CMitchell808 Ай бұрын

England has been a player in European politics for as long as there has been an England.

@ThePaculdop Ай бұрын

@CMitchell808 Not just a player. But a Prominent Champ of a player at times.

@andreoliveira685 29 күн бұрын

@@ThePaculdop Conquered by Romans, then conquered by anglo-saxons, then by vikings, then by Normans, then tried to conquer France but failed... went on plundering France and there's this mercenary in Italy. Two centururies later were using piracy to try and get some level play with the great empires. Got lucky in the 18th and 19th century and got finally beaten back to almost oblivion by the nazis.. Champ?

@stevshaboba7476 29 күн бұрын

@@andreoliveira685 Got lucky in the 18th and 19th century ? Is that what you tell yourself

@andreoliveira685 29 күн бұрын

@@stevshaboba7476 uh... hurt feelings... love it. I have some time now so let me try and list it for you. - by the end of the 17th century England got it's first indian colony as a gift from portugal and a great reform was done by Cromwell - the Dutch fought bravely against the Spanish empire andEngland got a lot of opportunities from it - Irish and scotch people loved making silly regiments and dying for the king - Spanish war of succession led to some chaos in mainland europe and england benefited from it - technical developments on the wool industry and england benefited from it - a great age of maritime trade issued and england found the spanish empire in decline - no mass media and england benefited from it by exterminating local people in oceania and north america - napoleon causes chaos in mainland europe and england benefited from it - liberal revolutions in europe and americas and england benefited from it To be fair the English did a good job benefiting from all of it... but in 1946 was desperately begging for a loan from the US.

@Doc_Tar 29 күн бұрын

I've seen Hawkwood's monument in Florence have always wondered how a man so far from home could rise to such heights as to be memorialized by the people he often extracted wealth from. Now I know, thanks for this video.

@zebwheeler5683 Ай бұрын

Instantly here after the upload - I already know this will be great!

@voidrenon Ай бұрын

"GRIFIIIIIIIIIIITH!"

@Arcadius-ss3zp Ай бұрын

Another amazing video by SandRhoman as alway. Love your work, it is gold. Please do a video on the Army of Flanders in the future.

@murrayscott9546 25 күн бұрын

Guns, Germs and Steel. Recommended by me, who is nobody. A real deep - dive. Not the easiest read but worth it.

@Vhite Ай бұрын

This guy sounds few war crimes short of being the real world Griffith.

@rune.theocracy Ай бұрын

Except it seems he didn't aim to create his own kingdom but yes! I was screaming Griffith the whole video

@MythicTales993 Ай бұрын

This is one of the most useful videos I've ever watched. Thank you for sharing!

@LucHywel-xw5tw Ай бұрын

Thank you for this. If anyone's very (very) much into mercenary and Late Medieval Italian and English warfare I strongly recommend Schwerpunkt's videos series. Keep up with the great work

@dale6947 Ай бұрын

I second this recommendation.

@simoncejka9121 Ай бұрын

Thanks for recomendation

@brandonvallota Ай бұрын

I have been waiting for this since I first found about them in the Tsardoms mod

@zetectic7968 Ай бұрын

Very interesting & informative about a chapter of history I was unfamiliar with.

@andreattafabio 29 күн бұрын

Best History Channel!

@MajesticOak 23 күн бұрын

The guy's life showed up in the English textbook New Concept English, which led to tens of millions of people outside of Europe to learn of his tales. He was also mentioned a few times in the Childe cycle series of sci-fi novels, leading to many American sci-fi fans to learn of his exploits.

@HannibalBarcaRTW Ай бұрын

Did the English mercenary rank and file settle in Italy or did they travel back to England?

@Stroopwaffe1 27 күн бұрын

Great, I think You piqued my intrest, liked and subbed.

@joshuaverret4096 25 күн бұрын

I am in love with the mercenary series!!!

@Swedishmafia101MemeCorporation Ай бұрын

His drip do be impeccable, I must say

@user-jw6fm7pq3x Ай бұрын

Hawk Tuah algorithm must have brought this into my recommendations 😂😂👍

@angun703 Ай бұрын

Hawk? White?...... GRIFFITH

@lycanoidtyphoon 18 күн бұрын

😂

@sarahsidney1988 Ай бұрын

Great video

@Defender_of_the_realm 13 күн бұрын

Very interesting documentary. It's changed my view of this period of history.

@bigsarge2085 Ай бұрын

Incredible!

@PennyWoo-rr6io Ай бұрын

another sandrhoman W

@blake-81 14 күн бұрын

This guy's life reads like the most successful Mount & Blade game EVER...

@Thraim. Ай бұрын

I, for one, welcome our new mercenary overlords.

@Gudha_Ismintis Ай бұрын

best vid of the channel

@danielchen9094 27 күн бұрын

Great video on a very slept on part of history. Can you also please do a documentary about Francesco Sforza?

@michaelrredford 26 күн бұрын

Thanks!

@cc0767 29 күн бұрын

Imagine living through this era as a normal person and getting raided by mercenaries every other day. Life must have truly sucked.

@SandileNgwenya-gv7nx 21 күн бұрын

Not really tho it's just those unlucky towns but in usual wars most people wouldn't be affected at all

@bobskywalker2707 Ай бұрын

THE WHITE COMPANY LETS GOO

@AnimeSunglasses 10 күн бұрын

Ahhhh, so THIS man was the inspiration for BattleTech!

@manatarmsfittness8874 2 күн бұрын

The white company and sir Nigel by sir Walter Scott are still my favorite historical fiction novels anyone who hasn’t read them should.

@dervolkstribun6240 13 күн бұрын

Giovanni Accudo was his name in italian. He was a real badass, otherwise he wouldnt have lived as long as he did. He also worked with germans as Baumgarten. A very interesting period of european history! Splendid and cruel alike.

@Hikurac 12 күн бұрын

Fun fact: Hawkwood and the White Company were the inspiration for Griffith and the Band of the Hawk in Berserk.

@guillembonet3350 28 күн бұрын

He might habe been the inspiration for Griffith from Berserk

@Lunibruniful Ай бұрын

I guess theres a learning curve for everything

@Mifune41 16 күн бұрын

I was not expecting a Chaucer connection.

@iseeyou5061 Ай бұрын

Right now the work seems focused on Italy. But would there any chance for a more German region focused content?

@shovelhead2155 10 күн бұрын

Wow, now I know where Glen Cook got the inspiration for themes and characters from for The Black Company series, Dread Empire series, and StarFishers trilogy. If you like mature dark fantasy, that's a like a cross between Lord of the Rings and Platoon, then Glen Cook is your guy.

@vgamedude12 13 күн бұрын

Guy was playing mount and blade in real life.

@corpchannel2523 Ай бұрын

Can you do a Video about Longbowmen(Welsh Bow And English Longbow)

@Lo-tf6qt 27 күн бұрын

Did Hawkwood occassionally say "Gives me conniptions" too?

@Kingedwardiii2003 27 күн бұрын

4:00 Englishmen going on holiday to Italy what can go wrong

@MBP1918 Ай бұрын

insane lore

@serenityphawx 18 күн бұрын

What music is playing at 1:31 please? It sounds fantastic!

@klappspatenkamikaze 23 күн бұрын

@sandrhomanhistory interesting video, just one strange detail: do you have a source for the multi-person-pike-usage mentioned ~7:00? I've heard it a few times but never with a source.

@SandRhomanHistory 23 күн бұрын

We mention two medieval chroniclers in the video. I think both describe it, if I remember correctly. For a modern source, check out Wiliam Caferro (see bibliography in the description). He explains this well in his works.

@murrayscott9546 25 күн бұрын

The guy liked the action and was good at it

@piggypoo 2 күн бұрын

Imagine not naming your company the Band of the Hawk(wood).

@samdumaquis2033 18 күн бұрын

Interesting

@iseeyou5061 Ай бұрын

As rich as Italian was, can they even afford John Hawkwood payment? And if they could, for how long?

@clintmoor422 Ай бұрын

This is going to be great. I'm already seeing a bunch of Italians who will come in and claim Hawkwood was not that important.. as always.

@lincs4life 26 күн бұрын

I'm here after reading the chivalry books series.

@SteveB-nx2uo 5 күн бұрын

the white company also could refer to the white cliffs of dover, something people not from Britain may have heard of or seen Hawkwoods early 'mistakes' could have been a way to harden the unit, or weed out those disloyal to him. it gives deserters and traitors a chance to show their colors, and lets him know who will handle adverse conditions well. he may have been shit testing his own unit to see how they handle stress and loss.

@billder2655 10 күн бұрын

how have both Chaucer and Petrarch wound up in a video about mercenaries 😂 two of the finest poets of their century

@anon2034 28 күн бұрын

Yes, yes. This is all well and good, but does he have a behelit?

@avus-kw2f213 Ай бұрын

8:43 why can’t modern war be like that : (

@zaku2principality0fze0n6 22 күн бұрын

Dude was the inspiration for griffith and the band of the hawk in berzerk

@Sarsgnu 28 күн бұрын

Chaucer, the writer?! Maybe he’s allegorical, but we won’t hold that against him!

@Ravenclanner Ай бұрын

Aight bro. I signed up for the imprint thing and you got credit. You know what that means. You better pat yourself on the back and get back to god's work!!

@TheSilentPrince-mt5mx 29 күн бұрын

I'll have to pay a visit to St. Peter's Church in Sible Hedingham to look at the arch which honour's him. I keep meaning to go to The Church of St Nicholas in nearby Castle Hedingham to pay respects to the de Vere family members commemorated there (I have reasons) and Alderford Water Mill so it will make a good day out.

@kentallard8852 12 күн бұрын

The Lance was 2 men-at-arms to handle Lance + their squires/pages

@maxbench3089 22 күн бұрын

it is a lovely video and I am thankful for it, and that is the main thing, and it will be even better if the Italian pronunciation was accurate. Why not? that is not so difficult, just talk with any Italian person. I would be happy to help, and I don't want anything for that, zero. Just the fact you are saying the right names is enough for me.

@V.B.Squire 27 күн бұрын

From White Company to Blackwater

@54032Zepol Ай бұрын

The swag company

@EuTrabalhoParaSagres510 Ай бұрын

They had the longest pikes Except maybe the Landsknechts of course 😂

@constable117 26 күн бұрын

LETS GO LADS!!!!! 🇬🇧🇬🇧🇬🇧

@megalonoobiacinc4863 Ай бұрын

There's a pretty dark manga which goes by his name, too bad it seems to have ended

@mariushunger8755 Ай бұрын

Has anyone read doyle‘s white company? Is it any good?

@fuferito Ай бұрын

It's amazing to read how quaintly out of touch (Saint) Catherine of Siena seems about her changing world when she writes to "Giovanni Acuto" (John Hawkwood) about going on Crusade instead of waging war in Italy; _Dearest and sweetest brother in Christ Jesus, it would be a great thing now if you would withdraw a little into yourself, and consider, and reflect how great are the pains and anguish which you have endured by being in the service and pay of the devil. Now my soul desires that you should change your way of life, and take the pay and the cross of Christ crucified, you and all your followers and companions; so that you may be Christ's company, to march against the infidel dogs who possess our Holy Place..."_

@morriganmhor5078 Ай бұрын

I wonder why nobody talks about germs that got from the Americas (and other continents) to Europe. It would be a rather interesting piece(s) about the Iustinian´s plague or the Black Death (cca 1350).

@rosameltrozo5889 28 күн бұрын

I thought you were speaking of germans

@rosameltrozo5889 28 күн бұрын

I thought you were speaking of germans

@Semperiratus 25 күн бұрын

[chuckles in gallowglass]

@J.D-g8.1 Ай бұрын

Great at always. Say, i wonder how they fought in pre ancient times, before the stone was invented? Before the Stone age they probably didnt have large armies, but we can assume they still fought. But considering they didnt have stone tools, and its widely agreed that stone was discovered before wood, thus no wood tools neither.

@J.D-g8.1 Ай бұрын

And they couldnt play rock paper scissors before the stone age; and then only rock stone pebble. Strange times.

@carnifex2005 29 күн бұрын

The most I got from this video is that the Italians were way too rich for their own good.

@KingTrouser 29 күн бұрын

One thing I want to know, is these mercenaries regularly accumulate vast sums of wealth, only to need to go on the plunder again a few years later. What the hell were they spending all their money on??

@awilk418 25 күн бұрын

The same thing soldiers always blow their money on: Dodge Chargers with 35% interest.

@justdracir8197 21 күн бұрын

@SandRhomanHistory i have a question is this an authorized or someone from you guys making a german version of the channel? Or did i find an imposter? www.youtube.com/@SandRhomanGeschichte/videos

@SandRhomanHistory 21 күн бұрын

that‘s us! its‘s Roman doing the voiceovers!

@justdracir8197 21 күн бұрын

@@SandRhomanHistory oh good to know. I was super confused after i typed in SandRhoman and saw 2 channels ^^"