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In July 1599 Sigismund III, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Sweden was deposed from the Swedish throne. The man who had conspired against him was his uncle Charles, the Duke of Södermanland. He was to become Charles IX of Sweden in 1604. Sigismund, however, had not yet given up his birthright. He tried to establish a blockade on Sweden and made plans to invade Swedish territory in Estonia, which he formally claimed for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in February 1600. Now, war was inevitable. For the next eleven years the armies of the Commonwealth and Sweden would battle for Livonia.
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Chapters:
00:00-00:52 Intro & Recap
00:52-07:28 Towards Kircholm
07:28-11:51 Battle of Kircholm
11:51-16:58 Battle for Livonia
Bibliography:
Frost, R., Northern Wars, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721, 2000.
Roberts, M., Gustav Adolf and the Art of War (first printed 1955), in: Essays on Swedish History, 1967.Stone, Daniel, The Polish-Lithuanian State 1386-1795 (History of East Central Europe), Washington 2001.
Oakley, Steward P., War and Peace in the Baltic. 1560-1790, Oxford 1993.