Jean-Paul Sartre was born in Paris in 1905 and was soon orphaned. He lived with his Protestant grandfather and Christian grandmother. Sartre is an atheist and an exponent of atheistic existentialism. He devoted himself to philosophical studies and sympathised with German philosophy. Between 1933 and 1934 he was in Freiburg, met Husserl and Heidegger and came into contact with Phenomenology.
From the phenomenological current he takes the intentionality of consciousness, i.e. consciousness is always openness, and the theme of imagination as the way in which consciousness transcends reality.
Back in France, Sartre published some literary works. His most important novel is 'The Nausea' in which he describes the experience of feeling the world in its constitutive and radical contingency. According to the author, nausea is that metaphysical feeling one experiences when faced with the contingency of things and men.
In 'Being and Nothingness' of 1943, Sartre states that the reality of being is divided into two parts: the in-self and the per-self.
Being-in-itself is all things that are not consciousness, hence everything that is given immediately and is contingent. The for-self, on the other hand, is the consciousness that is present to itself and to things.
0:10 Little biographical information about Sartre
0:37 The Phenomenology
0:55 The Nausea
1:26 Being and Nothingness
1:52 The #consciousness
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