How 2023 Broke Our Climate Models with Neil deGrasse Tyson & Gavin Schmidt

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StarTalk

StarTalk

Күн бұрын

Why were climate models so wrong about 2023? Neil deGrasse Tyson learns about why 2023 was hotter than we expected it to be and what effects need to be factored into future climate modeling with climatologist at NASA Goddard Institute, Gavin Schmidt.
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Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
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00:00 - Introduction: Climate Update
2:00 - 2023 Hottest Year on Record
6:55 - Why Our Predictions Were Wrong
8:49 - Factoring New Data & The Impact of Aerosols
11:52 - Could We Use Aerosols to Cool the Earth?
12:57 - We Have Agency
15:10 - What Happens to The Carbon in the Ocean?

Пікірлер: 6 400
@StarTalk
@StarTalk 4 ай бұрын
What was your biggest takeaway from this Explainer?
@liperosden4606
@liperosden4606 4 ай бұрын
The Sun People existsence confirmed ✅
@dimitri1515
@dimitri1515 4 ай бұрын
The fact that no one is discussing a much bigger problem. Plastic pollution will be far more detrimental to human health than climate change.
@michaelccopelandsr7120
@michaelccopelandsr7120 4 ай бұрын
That I know how to fix this and no one believes me. Maybe it's because in return for "stopping hurricanes," I still require 7 things in return. One of them being to change the stars. What I mean is, get the IAU to, OFFICIALLY, change the name to make a new constellation. My idea for changing the stars includes Orion and Pleiades (Subaru). I figure it's time to put something up there that's relevant to us, don't you think? Take Orion's belt and Betelgeuse becomes the head with a baseball hat. The 3 stars of Orion's belt make up the 3 fat belt loops on a baseball uniform. Below the belt are two legs bending at the knee. Saiph is the back foot and Rigel is the front foot. The feet aligning perfectly under the bent knees. The spear pointing at "Subaru" is the bat being swung and "Pleiades" is the baseball flying away after being hit. Bellatrix is the hand that let go of the bat. Put it all together and you get, "THE ALL-STAR." In my case, I see a left-handed batter and I imagine a "7" on the jersey. Which makes him, "Mickey." (As it should be ;-) But you can put any number you want, making, "THE ALL-STAR," any player you want. It'd be wrong of me to not, at least, try. This is me, trying. Pass it on, please and thank you. Don't worry, where I come from, crazy is a compliment. ;-P
@aaronbrown3820
@aaronbrown3820 4 ай бұрын
Hi Neil can you do these climate change news updates regularly? Maybe every year or half year?
@Vaishino
@Vaishino 4 ай бұрын
That if NDT calls them "booeys", I wonder how he pronounces buoyancy
@Corfal
@Corfal 4 ай бұрын
7:00 "When we don't understand something, there's science to be done." I love that statement
@kadmow
@kadmow 4 ай бұрын
- of course the science is settled however - just let Armageddon roll on.
@wayneparkinson4558
@wayneparkinson4558 4 ай бұрын
Just how long will the jury be out on this crime scene?
@rickmoore6527
@rickmoore6527 4 ай бұрын
If the models don't accurately predict the observations, then the models are factually incorrect. Otherwise, the model results would correlate with these measurements.
@ehntals1394
@ehntals1394 4 ай бұрын
@@rickmoore6527 or there is something wrong in the methodology of your evidence collection.
@jonathanrocha779
@jonathanrocha779 4 ай бұрын
In the meantime let me ridicule your stance
@assai74
@assai74 4 ай бұрын
The irony of it all is that the climate or the earth does not give a dime about us human beings. It is not about saving the planet, it is about saving us!
@bartolovelo8976
@bartolovelo8976 4 ай бұрын
Exactly! Life on this planet has come close to extinction several times already. But still after hundreds millions of years life erupted all around on an extraordinary scale. We can raise the temperature until humanity becomes extinct. As a result, we will accelerate the return to balance in nature. Therefore, the faster and more effectively we produce CO2, the worse it is for us and nature here and now, but the better for the planet in the long run.
@BenotzJoe
@BenotzJoe 4 ай бұрын
As animals we benefit from global warming. It makes more of the earth inhabitable and produces more food.
@jamesruport2608
@jamesruport2608 4 ай бұрын
@@bartolovelo8976is it true that we currently (last 100 years) has had the lowest co2 in planetary history? Plants thrive at 1000 ppm and die under 100 ish?
@jamesruport2608
@jamesruport2608 4 ай бұрын
Seemingly a small amount compared to the sun, but how much does energy loss from heat from combustion or battery make a difference. As we put more people in the planet and use more ac/heat, no matter the source isn’t 80% of energy transfer lost as heat?
@GonzoTehGreat
@GonzoTehGreat 4 ай бұрын
Actually, I'd say the irony is that, despite being arguably the most greedy, selfish species on Earth, even when the goal is to save ourselves, we're still failing to achieve it...
@Educated2Extinction
@Educated2Extinction Ай бұрын
A big problem today revolves around, "The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don't know.” Some stubbornly refuse to acknowledge the second part, while others use it to dismiss what we do know.
@radarksu
@radarksu 28 күн бұрын
And also a huge group of people who refuse to do the first part at all. Conservatives in the United States are proudly ignorant and anti-education.
@brandiguzzo9419
@brandiguzzo9419 21 күн бұрын
Most underestimated comment I've ever read. Honestly. This is the point. We want to feel safe as a species. Your comment hits on this.
@MrStevemur
@MrStevemur 3 ай бұрын
The kidding around kept reminding me of the talk show in Don’t Look Up. That’s probably the most useful emotion we can express on KZfaq though
@leldejansone7645
@leldejansone7645 Ай бұрын
I think "Don't look up" is a perfect description of what's going on with man-made climate change, only that it's moving a lot slower than that meteorite. But same behavior and probably same outcome...?
@simonjaz1279
@simonjaz1279 Ай бұрын
Dont look up (if I remember correctly) was a terrible movie lmao
@MrStevemur
@MrStevemur Ай бұрын
​@@simonjaz1279 I almost gave up on Don't Look Up in the first 20 minutes, but so many people were talking about it that I stuck with it. Now I really love it. The moment where the meatier hits earth gives me a sort of peace because the main characters are just sitting around having a completely mundane conversation after dinner, knowing they're all about to die. They just carry on talking about store-bought apple pie vs home-made apple pie, I think it is, until the house collapses on them.
@simonjaz1279
@simonjaz1279 Ай бұрын
@@MrStevemur one good scene still doesn't make a movie good. I thought it was terrible lmao big thumbs down
@simon6071
@simon6071 Ай бұрын
The video that Neil deGrasse Tyson & Gavin Schmidt ignore: Climate Shipwreck- CDN
@johnwarr7552
@johnwarr7552 4 ай бұрын
I remember the late Brian Kaye saying that the only thing we can reliably predict about non-linear systems is that our predictions will probably be wrong.
@l.plzsavethebeez485
@l.plzsavethebeez485 4 ай бұрын
I agree and love this statement!
@timmcc6899
@timmcc6899 4 ай бұрын
I have a poster on the wall in my kitchen which is a modern take on Murphy's Law, one of the statements in it is, "If you plan for A, B, C and D, E will likely happen."
@Firefenex1996
@Firefenex1996 4 ай бұрын
My advisor loved quoting someone else and saying "all models are wrong, but they can be useful." Don't except a computational model with simplified physics equations to predict something down to the T, but if a model is getting 65% of its predictions right, you should still reference it and hope they improve it.
@havardmika
@havardmika 4 ай бұрын
So when the heat rise. You got more greenhouse gases yes. So the Milankovitch cycles tells us that it should be warm know. That the greenhousegasese should rise. And that we are son heading for an ice age. Why don you talk about the eccentricity of the earth? Is it any reason for that?
@johnwarr7552
@johnwarr7552 4 ай бұрын
Because it is, in this context, about as relevant as the price of fish in Hull.@@havardmika
@ethermelt4780
@ethermelt4780 4 ай бұрын
There was an episode of the Drew Carey Show where Drew complained about how cold the Cleveland winter was, so he angrily sprayed aerosol from his front door into the sky in order to accelerate global warming. That scene has stuck with me for over 20 years and the irony of it coming full circle is terrifying
@MikesLeTour83
@MikesLeTour83 4 ай бұрын
That episode was hilarious! But it was (and yes, I’m nit picking) his back door - where his pool table was in his backyard!!
@xlargetophat
@xlargetophat 4 ай бұрын
The price is right
@nickinurse6433
@nickinurse6433 4 ай бұрын
Well Drew totally mixed up causes & effects. The aerosol was destroying the ozone, not causing global warming. Global warming is from the rapid release of all the Earth stored carbon. There is no carbon in aerosol
@norweijanspruce
@norweijanspruce 4 ай бұрын
Writer's have been predicting things forever, 'Doc Savage' was written in the late 30's and had a Jet Plane
@mrschnider6521
@mrschnider6521 4 ай бұрын
remember the ozone layer scam? the problem is always over some place that cant be observed by people. the great plastic patch in the middle of pacific, or polar bears at the poles, AHH ICE IS MELTING IN ANT ACTICA!! WE ONLY HAVE 100 years, will people have the change of clothes by then required to survive teh completely unnoicible practically undetecable without advanced scientific equipment and calculaters of the 1 degree change when averaged world wide. we must spend trillions of dollars to avert the mild discomfort someone may experiance if we havent ended teh world through war by then. OH THE HUMANITY~
@davidsmith7001
@davidsmith7001 Ай бұрын
i like how they manage to keep a straight face when they talk about how warm it was
@slevinchannel7589
@slevinchannel7589 24 күн бұрын
Imagine commenting bullfluff like you do YEARS afer Hbomberguy made his FAMOUS Climate-Change-DENIAL-Video, with the Premisse of looking not at climate-change itself but at the Deniers landing him a Spot in the Spotlight that never stoppeeddd
@davidsmith7001
@davidsmith7001 23 күн бұрын
@@slevinchannel7589 Deniers?.... You mean like Holocaust Deniers?
@davidsmith7001
@davidsmith7001 23 күн бұрын
@@slevinchannel7589 The sad thing is that actually the release of anthropological CO2 has helped the planet immensely. At a planetary scale these levels were dangerously low. but I.m only talking about benefits to life, concerning climate, instisting that CO2 controls Earth's thermostate is akin to stating that the Tail Wags The Dog.
@slevinchannel7589
@slevinchannel7589 23 күн бұрын
@@davidsmith7001 That's nie and all but for examplee the 'Rising C02 is accttuallly gooodd for plants and harvests' is a boldfaced lie, most-often making it in Top-10Lists about 'stuff clueless people babble' And either way, Climate-Change is still real and bigfoot is still not Feminist
@joshuaohuka7719
@joshuaohuka7719 15 күн бұрын
​@@davidsmith7001 take a dogs tail and wag it... see what happens...
@jakecallinsky5170
@jakecallinsky5170 3 ай бұрын
You could tell me tomorrow in your voice we all are going to die and I’d take comfort hearing it from you. And take the rest of my time accordingly.
@JohnDlugosz
@JohnDlugosz 4 ай бұрын
I'd like to point out that this was noticed in 2001. When air traffic was grounded for just a few days after the Sept-11 attack, the increase in warming was measured. As I recall, "pan evaporation rates" are daily measurements made in standard pans, as they are topped off each day. The effect of aerosols was dubbed "global dimming" and the irony that pollution was mitigating global warming was very much noted, too.
@woodchipgardens9084
@woodchipgardens9084 4 ай бұрын
In climate modeling i never hear about weather the temperatures represent winds from the Desert or Winds from Alaska affecting the same territory.
@jonovens7974
@jonovens7974 4 ай бұрын
Yep the average daily temp, right across the US was almost 1 degree higher.
@woodchipgardens9084
@woodchipgardens9084 4 ай бұрын
@@jonovens7974 Its a fake average because wind direction determines temperature and these things are too Variable to come to any conclusions.
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye 4 ай бұрын
@@woodchipgardens9084 "Its a fake average because" yada yada yada. Give us a break. If a compendium of the numerous and varying climate change contrarian opinions, claims and excuses was compiled, it would be larger than a single book volume of all three episodes of Lord Of The Rings. Mean while the actual scientific research, explanations, evidence and reality regarding AGW have remained consistent for over 100+years. When are climate change contrarians ever going to stop making stuff up and pretending they know more than they actually do. If they keep this up there will be another episode to add to the compendium of nonsense claims.
@traildude7538
@traildude7538 4 ай бұрын
The effect of aerosols in dimming insolation has been known for a long time; it was noted in university earth science courses in the late 1980s. Eliminating acid rain cleared the atmosphere and increased warming. Interestingly spring plowing for crops was regarded as helping cool the planet because it put particulate matter into the atmosphere, but since then it's been learned that it actually releases massive amounts of CO2, so the net effect is a big contribution to warming. More recently in an online seminar I learned that the trick for using particulate matter to cool the planet is picking the right size particles. That size happens to match the smaller of the sort of volcanic dust sent up by the Mount Saint Helens eruption that circled the globe several times before all falling out -- go just a bit smaller and it will take several years to all fall out. So aerosols are too tiny but volcanic ash dust is about right.
@rufie83
@rufie83 4 ай бұрын
Niel made a mistake there : a millionth of a meter is not 1/1000 cm, but rather 1/1000 mm (or 1/10000 cm)
@ahaveland
@ahaveland 4 ай бұрын
Yes, a micrometer is 1000th of a millimeter, but PM10s are 10 micrometers, so it is the particles that are around 1000th of a cm.
@richardkammerer2814
@richardkammerer2814 4 ай бұрын
Most of the time
@blakewalker84120
@blakewalker84120 4 ай бұрын
I came here to say this too.
@blakewalker84120
@blakewalker84120 4 ай бұрын
@@ahaveland Except they were talking about PM2.5 particles, so, 1/4 of a 1,000th of a cm. Not very accurate either way he meant it.
@ahaveland
@ahaveland 4 ай бұрын
@@blakewalker84120 It's easy to be petty and hypercritical from your comfy chair when you aren't the one in a hot spot on a livestream.
@tombates1435
@tombates1435 3 ай бұрын
Some people think the sooner we act, the better. I take the opposite view, because almost anything we do has unintended consequences. Better to continue to study and learn and improve technology, so that future solutions are not as burdensome, more likely to succeed, and have fewer unforeseen consequences.
@darknessinc.5360
@darknessinc.5360 2 ай бұрын
Well, there is only one problem.....when it's too late that even studies can't save you😅Also improvements are not guaranteed, it's not like a progress bar in a loading screen, you can discover a thing, or you can't, the problem with this is that it's too randomic and casual😅
@julianskinner3697
@julianskinner3697 Ай бұрын
So we should stop burning fossil fuels straight away.
@iambiggus
@iambiggus Ай бұрын
I'd argue we'd all do better to not Act soon, but Change soon. The problems would be magnitudes easier to fix if everyone took it just a little easier on the planet, myself included.
@pmh1nic
@pmh1nic Ай бұрын
If you're asking the world to dramatically reduce its standard of living dramatically you need to have very hard science to back up that those dramatic changes are going to have a meaningful impact on the problem.
@TheMrCougarful
@TheMrCougarful Ай бұрын
You are already deep into the realm of unintended consequences.
@fettbub92
@fettbub92 3 ай бұрын
Science is always a fascinating mystery. Glad we still have passionate people involved in study.
@brandonyoung-kemkes1128
@brandonyoung-kemkes1128 4 ай бұрын
Best climate graph ever I really liked the tornado. It really visualizes change.
@idontknowhowtoplaylol280
@idontknowhowtoplaylol280 4 ай бұрын
it looks scary and that is the point, if they would use data for thausends years, that we have, that would not look as scary at all.
@Broockle
@Broockle 4 ай бұрын
​@@idontknowhowtoplaylol280 that would make it scarier. Temperatures hit this high before yes. But the change was never this abrupt. These changes take hundreds of thousands of years to occur naturally, compared to that the changes we have caused are basically instant which would make for quite a discrepancy in the graph.
@musstard_1399
@musstard_1399 4 ай бұрын
@@idontknowhowtoplaylol280 Always the same argument, cruelly lacking in perspective. The changes observed over the last two centuries should not have appeared and manifested themselves in this way over several millennia. We are +1.49 degrees compared with the pre-industrial era, and for the record, the difference between 1850 and the last deglaciation period 12,000 years ago is 2.5 degrees. At that time, Paris was under 4 metres of ice. You have no idea how far ahead of the initial cycle we are (but find out for yourselves).
@bp-ob8ic
@bp-ob8ic 4 ай бұрын
A few things that stick out: The early 1940s bulge, I would posit was due to the mechanization and increased manufacturing involved in WWII. The cone at the top seems to start around 1980 I'd love to see historical data going back a few thousand years presented this way, but I suspect the accuracy that data would be suspect. As they said, there's science to do.
@nyali2
@nyali2 4 ай бұрын
@@Broockle You have zero idea about how quickly or slowly climate has changed in the past. We use proxies to estimate, the margin of error is greater than the change in temperature.
@jpjpJPJPG
@jpjpJPJPG 4 ай бұрын
Gavin Schmidt took a lot of shots in this lol, he handled it well
@intellikat
@intellikat 4 ай бұрын
Looks like Neil threw back more than a few shots
@michaelschwab8982
@michaelschwab8982 4 ай бұрын
Paul, show some respect. Your barbed comments to Mr. Schmidt did not go unnoticed.
@jamesmooney8933
@jamesmooney8933 4 ай бұрын
We, Wee, Wee, all the way home
@jonduringer5848
@jonduringer5848 4 ай бұрын
Fun vid ought to have Dire Straits in the background ;-). Politically obtuse IMO. Sabine Hossenfelder punditry on this news item much better for public perception and expectation.
@erics3008
@erics3008 4 ай бұрын
Paul was extremely rude.
@alanmitchell584
@alanmitchell584 15 күн бұрын
In Louisville KY, it did not hit 100F in 2023. In 1936 there were 34 days where the temperature exceeded 100F. It has only hit 100F two days in the last 12 years.
@TimDrake-vn3wo
@TimDrake-vn3wo 11 күн бұрын
My grandparents moved away from Oklahoma because of the dustbowl , many years of droughts and extreme heat in the past are completely ignored by the current model which started counting during the cold cycle of the 1940s to the 1970s .
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye 12 сағат бұрын
Still holding on to mischievous narratives to avoid reality.
@gordowg1wg145
@gordowg1wg145 3 ай бұрын
Many years ago, there were one or two scientists pointing out the direct heating affect, from the energy released into the atmosphere, of the fossile fuels - basically the BTUs/calories in the fuel burned, which is millions of tons a year.
@susanlovesjava4961
@susanlovesjava4961 14 күн бұрын
Add to that, there's 8 billion 98.6F heaters running around the planet emitting heat.
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye 12 сағат бұрын
It's more than millions of tons. Currently ~37 billion tons of CO2 per year is being emitted into the atmosphere by humans.
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye 12 сағат бұрын
@@susanlovesjava4961 Humans themselves are constituents of the Earths current carbon cycle, which is essentially a balanced system. Human existence is not in and of itself contributing to climate change. Fossil fuels that have been locked up deep in the Earth for millions of years and not naturally part of the current carbon cycle, when reintroduced into the atmosphere are causing climate change. Please avoid simplistic ill informed comments in future.
@Queenofcore
@Queenofcore 4 ай бұрын
Living out here on an island in the middle of the Pacific with a volcano on it, we know that the particulates in our air change our climate and the other thing that he didn’t really talk about, but is a big factor is that giant volcano that blew up and sent water aerosol vapor into the stratosphere, which is a big big deal and that’s why we were a bit hotter in 2023 because of that volcano
@teeanahera8949
@teeanahera8949 4 ай бұрын
Jan ‘22 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai did indeed affect climate. Cubic kilometres of water thrown into the stratosphere or mesosphere. We had pumice rafts 10s of kilometres long, green sunsets for a year and of course the Tsunami was devastating for the western Pacific.
@lightwoven5326
@lightwoven5326 4 ай бұрын
That volcano breaks assumptions by the IPCC. The introduction of water vapour into the Mesosphere is a critical factor and is ignored by climate models. It doesn't fit the narrative that man is the ONLY player, and not Volcanoes, the Sun and release of subsea Methyl Hydrates by Earthquakes/ Tsunamis. QED.
@matthewgraham2518
@matthewgraham2518 4 ай бұрын
Increased aerosols in the atmosphere cool the air by blocking sunlight, whether it is pollution or volcanoes.
@Soken50
@Soken50 4 ай бұрын
@@matthewgraham2518 Yes aerosols cool the air by blocking the sun, the issue is that volcanos also eject tons of waters directly into the stratosphere where it does a lot of heating in a layer that is supposed to carry the heat of the lower atmosphere into the upper atmosphere where it cools down in large convective cells, heating this layer directly negates some of the cooling effect of the lower atmosphere, increasing the average temperature close to the ground.
@bradmiller6507
@bradmiller6507 4 ай бұрын
Water vapor is a strong greenhouse gas. That was likely underestimated in the modeling.
@adamreynolds3863
@adamreynolds3863 4 ай бұрын
"we is not an effective we" hit the nail on the head.
@merodobson
@merodobson 4 ай бұрын
Scientists sound alarms, Politicians fart in their sleep.
@peterpelletier6080
@peterpelletier6080 4 ай бұрын
Problem is "We" change our minds every 10 years or so ... Coming Ice age... Acid Rain ... Global Warming ... Climate change ...
@josephteller9715
@josephteller9715 4 ай бұрын
@@merodobson we need to stop feeding the politicians, they are nowhere as useful as cows but fart just as much.
@adamcorfman573
@adamcorfman573 4 ай бұрын
@@merodobson Not like oil companies have admitted this issue within the last 20 years and not like we were all warned of this issue 40 years ago. 🤷‍♂
@egoncorneliscallery9535
@egoncorneliscallery9535 4 ай бұрын
And thank god for that.
@willisekbomdisease1802
@willisekbomdisease1802 12 сағат бұрын
"Ash tray physicist?" Dr. Schmidt is my second-favorite climatologist.
@suzannalinguinsky4378
@suzannalinguinsky4378 3 ай бұрын
You guys are surprised that the models didn't predict this? The IPCC, Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report declared: “The climate system is a coupled non-linear chaotic system, and therefore the long-term prediction of future exact climate states is not possible.”
@billbucktube
@billbucktube 4 ай бұрын
What I like about your output is that you follow the Dragnet TV show, “Just the facts…” You let the facts speak for themselves. “Truth” are facts as interpreted by someone. Bob and Charlie do a cross country race. Bob comes in first , Charlie 2 days later. Bob reports, “I came in first.” Charlie reports, “I came in second and Bob came in next to last.” Without the full context one can’t interpret the statements correctly. Both statements are true but only with all the facts can you interpret them accurately. Glad you are a fact chaser, a scientist.
@flagmichael
@flagmichael Ай бұрын
Scientists test theories. Doing that with global effects is spectacularly expensive and spectacularly hard.
@brucefrykman8295
@brucefrykman8295 Ай бұрын
@@flagmichael *RE "Scientists test theories. Doing that with global effects is spectacularly expensive and spectacularly hard."* So is creating the entire universe out of nothing, thankfully we now have God and Scientists to tell us how they did it.
@dfausti66
@dfausti66 3 ай бұрын
Great content! My question is regarding the affects of space weather on the surrounding planets, moons, and asteroids within the solar system as predicters of the affects of space weather on the earth. While solar storms may be the largest predicter to date of space weather, I am also curious about other systems such as magnetic storms that happen in the solar system which can also influence the geomagnetic storms on earth.
@farminginthehighlands1205
@farminginthehighlands1205 3 ай бұрын
I would like that Neil and company speak to the effects of the end of an Ice-Age event. and how that could possibly explain an accelerated heating of the Earth. There is very little information about this currently.
@apollontheintp3257
@apollontheintp3257 3 ай бұрын
And isn't that strange!
@zagorim7469
@zagorim7469 3 ай бұрын
We are in an interglacial period. Which is a warm period seperating glaciation events within an ice age. But those kind of events last for several thousands years and change earth climate extremely slowly. They are an entirely different topic than the warming that occur over a few decades or even up to a couple of centuries.
@farminginthehighlands1205
@farminginthehighlands1205 3 ай бұрын
@@zagorim7469 Yes but normally they change earth climate extremely slowly, but what happens to that kind of event if there is an acceleration factor such as humans, would changes occur at a much greater coefficient? I understand that it's not something like oh the interglacial period is to blame. I want to know more about the interglacial period and is there some metrics that can be used to verify if we are accelerating the interglacial period? Essentially making it shorter and is there a risk that we create an other ice age prematurely?
@jacobcoburn7634
@jacobcoburn7634 2 ай бұрын
@@farminginthehighlands1205 Most of the interglacials over the past million years have lasted only ~ 10-20 thousand years, though an exceptionally long one 400000 years ago was about 1.5-2x as long. Current changes in the orbital cycles of Earth suggest we should be in a cooling trend for about 20000 more years, followed by a warming up to 50000 years in the future, and a large decline after that. Without humans, we would likely be slumping back into glacial conditions, but not fully so until past 50000 years from now. Humanity is warming the planet beyond what it would be in most of the past interglacials, with us surpassing event the warmest spikes over the past 2-3 million years within the next decades. As the Earth warms, ice melts and actually makes the Earth less sensitive to orbital cycles - as such, it is expected we are actually acting like a 'geological agent' of sorts, pushing the planet OUT of the current glacial cycle altogether and back into the warmer states it was in 10s of millions of years ago, when the planet was totally or mostly ice free and orbital cycles had only modest impacts on climate (changes in sunlight/precip at the poles and subtropics, affecting the monsoons). So it isn't really an acceleration at all, but breaking of the cycles which wouldn't resume until our CO2 is drawn down by weathering/erosion over the next 100000-200000 years. As far as global warming pushing us into an ice age, that is a misrepresentation of past events and current concerns over the Atlantic branch of the thermohaline circulation, which is slowing due to freshwater injection from melting ice and precipitation but which would have more regional/seasonal effects if it shut down, not plunge us into a new glacial period.
@warlord435
@warlord435 4 ай бұрын
You look tired sir, have a nap and blame it on me giving you permission
@jannichi6431
@jannichi6431 4 ай бұрын
Just a hunch, but he may be on a Pharma cocktail. Although he does work extremely hard and has time to write a book a year!
@warlord435
@warlord435 4 ай бұрын
@@jannichi6431 I could imagine his schedule is always booked as he's super popular and he's trying to contribute as much as he can to society. Either way he should pencil in a few breathers 🤟
@megijapostaza
@megijapostaza 4 ай бұрын
Neil, you have my permission as well!
@leonelbustosb
@leonelbustosb 4 ай бұрын
Neil, your impact is inmense. Rest a bit
@tf4504
@tf4504 4 ай бұрын
lol
@TangentFuture41
@TangentFuture41 4 ай бұрын
Cycles grow more and more variable(to and fro) until they either break or restabilize. And repeat until they break. This is present in every single ecosystem
@tomdavies6443
@tomdavies6443 4 ай бұрын
Surely some had negative feedback loops in other words a stabilising effect. Regards from a Tom :)
@TangentFuture41
@TangentFuture41 4 ай бұрын
@tomdavies6443 yes in that case they eventually break and restabilize
@artlewellan2294
@artlewellan2294 3 ай бұрын
Please sing your song freely anywhere tonight.@@TangentFuture41
@Strategies2010
@Strategies2010 3 ай бұрын
I don't think this is necessarily true, at least from a systems/process control perspective. If your inputs are truly cyclical (e.g. sinusoidal) then your response CAN overshoot and cause de-stabilization (whether increasing or decreasing uncontrollably), but it depends on the dynamics of the system you're analyzing. The "inputs" here are highly non-linear (take the sunspot cycle for example), so it's not an easy task to build a model and use it predict such global phenomena.
@Fabric_Hater
@Fabric_Hater 3 ай бұрын
I just love that people admit the models dont represent reality, then make an opinion based off models
@NekoMouser
@NekoMouser Ай бұрын
Anyone know where to find that model shown @1:07 (and again @4:08) by chance?
@lennardneuwirth3194
@lennardneuwirth3194 3 ай бұрын
I feel like the discussion of this is invaluable. I would like to see what a ley person can do to help push us in the right direction. As consumers we don't know our own impact of using amazon for shipping, or buying fruits out of season. The carbon footprint we leave behind is masked and really hard to decipher. Is there a way to track or mitigate these?
@Cancelthis1541
@Cancelthis1541 3 ай бұрын
Well you can have Amazon deliver for you or you can get in your car and make 5 stops to buy things when Amazon makes one trip. Either way product has to get from point A to point B.
@Alblaka
@Alblaka 3 ай бұрын
@@Cancelthis1541This is the seeming paradox with lifestyle choices. "Oh, so I'll not order it, and do it myself" does *not* automatically make your choice ecologically friendly. Because economy of scale is a thing, it might very well be more ecological to always use centralized delivery services rather than individual transportation. So ordering at Amazon might actually be more ecologically friendly than getting something yourself. (Buuuut it would also be even more ecologically friendly not to purchase that something if it's i.e. an electronic device meant to replace your broken other device, and instead have manufacturers ensure that the other device would have lasted another few years.)
@nexrace
@nexrace 4 ай бұрын
Neil deGrasse We need more climate change episodes like this. Maybe an advertised before hand live stream so others can ask questions?
@Firefenex1996
@Firefenex1996 4 ай бұрын
If you join their patron you can probably get a question or 2 if it's a great one.
@nyali2
@nyali2 4 ай бұрын
They are extremely dishonest about this subject... unfortunately
@jordeahgrosko
@jordeahgrosko 4 ай бұрын
I love this idea
@chriswilson433
@chriswilson433 4 ай бұрын
They hate questions.
@craigjohnstone1461
@craigjohnstone1461 4 ай бұрын
Ask whats in the( strataspheric aerosol injections) that we breath!!
@31Blaize
@31Blaize 4 ай бұрын
The thing that worries me most about last year was the rise in ocean temperatures. When you think just how much heat capacity that amount of water has, it's terrifying.
@MrRandythibeault
@MrRandythibeault 4 ай бұрын
It's like we all know it means but it's fun to imagine it's only happening in the laboratory
@nationalsniper5413
@nationalsniper5413 4 ай бұрын
Ocean warming has a lag of 800 years as they are HUGE and take a very long time to hear or cool. As such oceans warming has a cause that happened hundreds of years ago.
@mrschnider6521
@mrschnider6521 4 ай бұрын
i mean if a nearly undetectable trace amount of co2 can determine the climate, imagine what simply painting your roof black will do. it is going to detrail entire ecosystems and melt the polar ice caps. what i am worrying about is after the end of the world has happened. most people wont have the scientific equipment to detect that the average temperature has increased by 1 degree, how are they going to know that the world has ended? where i live were to far away from the icce caps to notice any change what so ever. the other day my back porch rose 5 degrees between 8am and 10am, should i be terrified? thats 5x greater than 1 degree, not in 50 years in 2 hours! global warming is reaking havok! AHH! WE NEED TO BE WORRIED
@loungelizard3922
@loungelizard3922 4 ай бұрын
@@nationalsniper5413 We're talking about SST, Sea Surface Temperatures. It doesn't take 800 years to warm the top 2m of the ocean. Swing and a miss.
@Saiyajin47621
@Saiyajin47621 4 ай бұрын
@@nationalsniper5413a lag can’t happen that quickly and in such a high magnitude. The energy has to come from somewhere and that kind of jump don’t happen even when you nuke the ocean.
@Austin-mane
@Austin-mane 24 күн бұрын
Seems like this conversation is molded around not being demonetized.
@Lifeasiseeit1961
@Lifeasiseeit1961 3 ай бұрын
I’d like to know something more about how we take out CO2. What does it take to physically remove it?
@davidgary7881
@davidgary7881 4 ай бұрын
As a novice I've been studying climate change since I was 11 years old. One of the big problems here with respect to the drastic rise in temperature in 2023 is that no one is factoring in the massive amounts of methane being released by the melting of permafrost.
@datshitcray
@datshitcray 4 ай бұрын
atmosphere is already saturated with methane when it comes to absorption of infrared light
@ChaosQueen04
@ChaosQueen04 4 ай бұрын
Look into methane sink in greenland
@bradleysmith2021
@bradleysmith2021 4 ай бұрын
​@@ChaosQueen040bserver?
@wotsitalabowt
@wotsitalabowt 4 ай бұрын
You are not telling climate researchers something they don't know here. Of course that is factored in, and to imagine nobody else is thinking about something you happen to have heard about is ridiculous.
@GonzoTehGreat
@GonzoTehGreat 4 ай бұрын
You're a novice. Your opinion is irrelevant.
@mtthriller03
@mtthriller03 4 ай бұрын
As someone who spends most of their life building PowerPoint Decks, the chart at 4:08 expanding and flipping was pretty sweet (The reason it is expanding, not so sweet of course 😅)
@jimwing.2178
@jimwing.2178 3 ай бұрын
The chart is not someone who spends most of their life building PowerPoint Decks, but the depiction of the global warming trend was clever until it reached the present and tilted up to show the vertical timeline - that was very cool.
@GordieGii
@GordieGii 2 ай бұрын
The high temperature in a particular year is not climate. It's weather.
@simonjaz1279
@simonjaz1279 Ай бұрын
Right and over the decades it has only been going up sooooo whats your point?
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye 12 сағат бұрын
Explain the base 30 year trend of increasing temperature then, instead of thinking you made a point by stating the bleeding obvious.
@GordieGii
@GordieGii 12 сағат бұрын
@@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye 30 years? Do you know what a 'heat island' is? They put thermometers 'near' a city or airport (for example) and then city/suburbs grow around it, increasing the local temperature. (roads, parking lots, buildings, etc) I live in an apartment building that was farmland 30 years ago.
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye
@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye 10 сағат бұрын
@@GordieGii Please spare us the usual mischievous and debunked narratives. They are getting old, tired and frankly laughable.
@GordieGii
@GordieGii 9 сағат бұрын
@@BrentonSmythesfieldsaye Funny. It looks exactly the same from this side. Your side has been saying "in ten to twelve years it will be too late" for over a hundred years. And by 'your side' I mean bureaucrats and the sheep who believe they have your best interest in mind.
@guymercier627
@guymercier627 3 ай бұрын
Monday morning great start of the week : ---( LOL, great job guys
@peterp5099
@peterp5099 4 ай бұрын
A major issue with hindering the arrival of sun energy by geoengineering instead of allowing it to leave easier again is that that energy that arrives and leaves easily helps with agricultural crops, while not allowing the energy to arrive would reduce photosynthesis and harvests. That would make the world cooler, but also hungrier.
@wallacegrommet9343
@wallacegrommet9343 4 ай бұрын
Possibly less CO2 uptake as well when photosynthesis rates decline
@YourArmsGone
@YourArmsGone 4 ай бұрын
Most plants aren't limited by sunlight but by nutrients, temperature, daylength and water. In fact planets that live in full sun have pigments to protect them from the extra light.
@WarrChan
@WarrChan 4 ай бұрын
11:11 Gavin’s face when Paul says, “We have hair, and you don’t.” He was not amused.
@jasonsoper9444
@jasonsoper9444 4 ай бұрын
I think that was mainly due to him completely misusing the term 'aerosols' and potentially confusing the audience.
@gnaarW
@gnaarW 4 ай бұрын
And then he goes "see, I know words" 😅
@terriem3922
@terriem3922 4 ай бұрын
😢
@Gecko17k
@Gecko17k 3 ай бұрын
Goddard guy, Gavin, sounds very positive. I think if we stop polluting, it takes a while to slow down and eventually stop. His job is to scare us. But he's scaring us into action, not into inaction. So, good man.
@playlist46248
@playlist46248 3 ай бұрын
I really recommand you Jean Marc Jancovici videos to understand climate change and how fun the future will be
@mkkrupp2462
@mkkrupp2462 2 ай бұрын
jancovici is excellent !
@racetime1960
@racetime1960 Ай бұрын
I recommend you stop believing all this horseshit.
@nathangoodson7390
@nathangoodson7390 4 ай бұрын
I don't think I've ever seen a graph like the one used for temperature over the years before now. Very neat and communicates the data well!
@QuitworkBehappy
@QuitworkBehappy 4 ай бұрын
sure but let's put it into context. Greenland was a temperate rainforest 11 to 19 C warmer on average than today, only 2 million years ago.
@danguee1
@danguee1 4 ай бұрын
@@QuitworkBehappy 2 million....
@QuitworkBehappy
@QuitworkBehappy 4 ай бұрын
perfectly normal for the planet@@danguee1
@SigFigNewton
@SigFigNewton 4 ай бұрын
@@QuitworkBehappyand the world’s coastlines looked drastically different. The fact that worse ultra slow motion floods have happened in the past doesn’t mean that it won’t cost society dearly
@auckman2281
@auckman2281 4 ай бұрын
well, that's alright then, we can all relax@@QuitworkBehappy
@jerrydeanswanson79
@jerrydeanswanson79 4 ай бұрын
When I heard..."we're all Fucked"...I spit coffee all over my keyboard...smiles. Thanks.
@mrschnider6521
@mrschnider6521 4 ай бұрын
its important to remind people before and after this climate costastrophe has occured. since 1 degree is less the temperature change between lunch and noon, most people will not have the scientific equipment and mesurements to know that the world has ended due to climate change. good thing we have 100 years to prepare for this disaster, were goign to need trillions of dollars to avert this. RING THE ALARMS THE END IS NEAR!
@aaronjennings8385
@aaronjennings8385 4 ай бұрын
?
@vincestevenson9430
@vincestevenson9430 4 ай бұрын
​@@aaronjennings838512:58
@SarahAnnUlloa-vo1iq
@SarahAnnUlloa-vo1iq Ай бұрын
Shocking.
@brucefrykman8295
@brucefrykman8295 Ай бұрын
*RE: "When I heard..."we're all Fucked"...I spit coffee all over my keyboard...smiles."* He was talking about getting more taxpayer funded grants for telling scary stories no one but fools and prepubescent little girls from Sweden would believe at this point.
@LawnJockey007
@LawnJockey007 8 күн бұрын
No comment but a question. Do the models include volcanic discharges of both gas, water and solids? I'm asking because volcanic activity and discharges have been elevated for a couple years now and I've been told they are not included in the models. Can you please clarify?
@ericstevens8939
@ericstevens8939 3 ай бұрын
Nice video, guys! Just one thing: NOAA stands for “National Organization for the Advancement of Acronyms.”
@Bob-lh4mg
@Bob-lh4mg 4 ай бұрын
When I’m feeling down as in watching to much cable news and the general health of the country I turn to Neil to be uplifted. Neil is funny and a genius and I wish he was running for president. Neil deGrasse Tyson you rock sir.
@Jay-cq5qr
@Jay-cq5qr 4 ай бұрын
Cable news is just as bad for your health as cigarettes
@ninaghellere4444
@ninaghellere4444 4 ай бұрын
No Sir, a micron is a thousandth of a mm
@andramachespapa6143
@andramachespapa6143 4 ай бұрын
They dont want smart presidents, presidents exsist so there is someone to blame for "their" decisions
@teeanahera8949
@teeanahera8949 4 ай бұрын
*too much
@hopefulskeptic42
@hopefulskeptic42 4 ай бұрын
WHY? Why, I ask, would you wish such a misery upon such a good man?
@SupachargedGaming
@SupachargedGaming 4 ай бұрын
"We can't win" Now you're getting it.
@merodobson
@merodobson 4 ай бұрын
There is no win, there is endure and survive to the best of our ability. ADAPT OR DIE.
@peterpelletier6080
@peterpelletier6080 4 ай бұрын
We have won... It's still the best planet to be cruising the universe on.
@olddog-fv2ox
@olddog-fv2ox 3 ай бұрын
The pacific ocean temp fluctations are reflected in the SOI the indian ocean temp fluctuations are measured by the IOD and the antarctic ocean temp fluctuations are measured by the SAM. these indicators are used by farmers in Oz to determine if our very variable seasons are going to be drought or flood
@poplionandrew5803
@poplionandrew5803 2 ай бұрын
Great talk ever in our "we" history of ManKind. thanks for such an excellent climate updates, cheers!
@pb5640
@pb5640 4 ай бұрын
Neil, thank you! Paul is very funny and Gavin is a very impressive scientist! I’m glad someone of his caliber is heading that organization and it sounds like some good science is being done.
@nate3563
@nate3563 3 ай бұрын
No mention of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption, which was predicted to have significant impact on warming of the Earth. Most eruptions cause cooling, but in this case, it erupted under the ocean throwing water vapor into the upper atmosphere causing a heating affect. The moisture in the stratosphere incresed 10%-15% and is expected to last for many years.
@roberttorrie2651
@roberttorrie2651 2 ай бұрын
IT IS THE WATER IN THE MESOSPHERE INDEFINITELY THAT WILL FRY US TOTALLY 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
@The_Absolute_Dog
@The_Absolute_Dog 2 ай бұрын
No mention here, but yes that's definitely a biggie. It was so powerful it ejected into space. (technically)
@MrAuswest
@MrAuswest 2 ай бұрын
I am fortunate enough to live in the most isolated (state) capital city in the world and have a near pristine ocean view to the West. After the eruption in 2022 i started to notice around 15-30 minutes after sunset the Western sky had a greenish tinge, not the usual blue, gold or orange/red. This occurred throughout the following year into September/October and has now virtually disappeared. I can only assume it was an effect of the moisture and or volcanic dust in our atmosphere from the eruption.
@benmcconaghy3313
@benmcconaghy3313 Ай бұрын
It's estimated to be in hundreths of a degree, so it maybe is not as significant as you think
@mymy3172
@mymy3172 Ай бұрын
@@benmcconaghy3313 Estimated but not necessarily calculated. Maybe you can tell us when was the last time the climate was not changing?
@THETOB23
@THETOB23 3 ай бұрын
I have a question to the last part about CO2 coming out of the water when we remove a certain amount out of the air, does that mean that the oceans are now a saturated solution according CO2 and won't be after removing enough CO2 out of the atmosphere?
@colleenforrest7936
@colleenforrest7936 3 ай бұрын
So here's a question: how much is this trend to paint houses gray and black absorbing heat and the radiating it back out at ground level, vs painting houses lighter colors that can reflect heat at a wavelength that can pass through the atmosphere altering the models?
@davidwood2387
@davidwood2387 4 ай бұрын
This was an eye opener. The insight of how climate works was really great .
@Tapecutter59
@Tapecutter59 4 ай бұрын
Gavin Shmidt and Michael Mann (hockey stick guy) are two of the world's top climatologists, they run a brilliant web site called 'realclimate'. Anyone who is anyone in the climate science community hangs out there.
@4N4L4Seinfeld
@4N4L4Seinfeld 4 ай бұрын
Which is ironic considering how Neil is barely able to keep his eyes open in this video
@thisguyhere85
@thisguyhere85 4 ай бұрын
Did you miss the part where they said it was a higher solar maximum, which they missed the model. Also look into the Tonga volcano that exploded a few years ago.
@lindsaysmith8119
@lindsaysmith8119 4 ай бұрын
Its may more complicated than that.
@TCRgalaxy
@TCRgalaxy 4 ай бұрын
Not that complicated, just to many humans consuming to much stuff…🔥🪦🌎🪦🔥
@5353Jumper
@5353Jumper 4 ай бұрын
Let's be clear with language. Removing aerosols is not increasing the temperatures. The atmospheric carbon is increasing the temperatures. Removing the arrosols is just showing us the full effect of the atmospheric carbon instead of hiding some of it.
@callumchalmers1475
@callumchalmers1475 4 ай бұрын
Or the temperature should naturally be higher than what we expect, and our calculations were wrong because we did not realise how much of an effect the aerosols had on the overall temperature. More work to be done before we start making claims like that.
@egoncorneliscallery9535
@egoncorneliscallery9535 4 ай бұрын
Let me ask you a question: how big is an aerosol particle compared to a Co2 molecule? Straight answer please..
@5353Jumper
@5353Jumper 4 ай бұрын
@egoncorneliscallery9535 A sulfate aerosol particle is around 1000nm to 2000nm. A CO2 molecule is around 0.33nm.
@kennnnnnnnnnnnnnn
@kennnnnnnnnnnnnnn Ай бұрын
Ocean CO2 releases more into the atmosphere when ocean temperature rises.
@RodrigoLobosChile
@RodrigoLobosChile 17 күн бұрын
Gavin Schmidt 🤩, so good to heard from him after his fantastic TED Talk!
@brucefrykman8295
@brucefrykman8295 Ай бұрын
Synopsis: Our model of the world average temperature disagreed with our model of what we thought the previous model would indicate. Solution: make all the models agree and then find some useful work to do (plumbing, wiring, construction, etc.)
@bw5356
@bw5356 4 ай бұрын
That little "Keep looking up" just launched my brain 20 years into the past to watching Stargazer on TV.
@markhoffart622
@markhoffart622 4 ай бұрын
Ya mean Jack Horcheimer (sp?) The Star Hustler?
@bw5356
@bw5356 4 ай бұрын
@@markhoffart622 I'm not old enough to remember when it was Star Hustler, but yes.
@reuireuiop0
@reuireuiop0 4 ай бұрын
It just made think of that movie that supposed to project climate future and media / politics reaction to it in "Don't look up"
@artlewellan2294
@artlewellan2294 3 ай бұрын
The Star gazer devotee was for the episode "@@reuireuiop0 I forget. Maybe Lovely flower.
@Tolemac7
@Tolemac7 3 ай бұрын
@@markhoffart622 Yes, Jack Horkheimer: Star Hustler.
@laurisafine7932
@laurisafine7932 4 ай бұрын
Well, we had such a bleh summer in the UK, most of my tomatoes didn't even ripen.
@summerbrooks9922
@summerbrooks9922 4 ай бұрын
@laurisafine7932 You might also explain why homeless folks here in the USA get less and less D3 in their bodies while spending most of the day outside. I have a feeling that aerosols may be wrecking our absorption of it. Back in the time of the dim sun, in Europe, around AD500, the farmers had a tough time getting plants to grow.
@jackhartford521
@jackhartford521 3 ай бұрын
Every time I hear him say this is StarTalk, I always imagine Neil saying, this is Sparta lol.
@RBMDragon
@RBMDragon 3 ай бұрын
Question: would it be more efficient to remove the CO2 from the ocean than from the air?
@leighfoulkes7297
@leighfoulkes7297 4 ай бұрын
It's like the guy I heard around 10 + years ago said, scientist are downplaying the positive feedback loops in their models. It was a safe bet that unknown positive feedback loops would pop up from out of nowhere, not sure if they could add unknowns into a model.
@mattleathen445
@mattleathen445 4 ай бұрын
Unknowns are included in the error bars. Betting on unknown positives is a very risky play.
@paulstiles7738
@paulstiles7738 3 ай бұрын
As is betting on unknown negatives. @@mattleathen445
@Temperans
@Temperans 3 ай бұрын
Unknown positives and negatives are hard to track.
@enoch2283
@enoch2283 3 ай бұрын
From what I remember from middle school they basically said 2 billion people will die very quickly. And I've always believed it. Just waiting for it to fully kick into high gear.
@rrmackay
@rrmackay 3 ай бұрын
Those unknowns are what make the model results probabilities instead of certainties, the model makers may talk about probabilities in their professional papers but it never makes it to the headline or the policy debate.
@joyecolbeck4490
@joyecolbeck4490 4 ай бұрын
Hello from Maldon, Essex, England. I'm the manager of a Heritage Centre, which focuses on the Battle of Maldon in 991, but ponder about older stuff, like the cosmos. Would you mind explaining how lagrange points work in the bars of barred spiral galaxies? And, if it's not too much to ask, how does a galaxy's barycenter without a black hole differ from one with? I think it has to do with the velocity gradient of stars in the central bulge, but, I hope my favourite astrophysicist will help, as 'there are times, when all the world's asleep, the questions seem too deep for such a simple (wo)man'.
@david-wj3wq
@david-wj3wq 3 ай бұрын
What would you say if I'd be you a radical 👍 love it now I can't get the song out of my head
@david-wj3wq
@david-wj3wq 3 ай бұрын
And by the way hello from Kentucky
@david-wj3wq
@david-wj3wq 3 ай бұрын
What would you say if I'd be calling you a radical voice text can drive you bonkers sometimes 🤪
@andrewday3206
@andrewday3206 2 ай бұрын
We need aircraft in the stratosphere dispersing reflective aerosols throughout the world. The issue isn't whether you stop using aerosols, but when do we skip to clean energy so we don't need aerosols.
@johnheigis83
@johnheigis83 3 ай бұрын
Outstanding. Very well done. ( I hope to get your mind on "active and passive civil-defense, for mechanizing and empowering demos-cracy. It needs champions. And, after 60+ yrs wading in it, I promise, this is the really cool stuff. You're welcome to all my research, and developments, thereof. It could give us comprehensive contingencies-management capabilities, big time... In good ways.) Anyway, thanks. You do good work. Semper Fidelis...
@Zoyx
@Zoyx 4 ай бұрын
A communication thing. Aerosols in this context refer to particulate matter. Particulate matter is a mixture of small solid particles and liquid droplets in the air. Do not confuse with aerosols from pressurized cans. Not the same thing.
@singingway
@singingway 3 ай бұрын
Wait...what?
@Zoyx
@Zoyx 3 ай бұрын
@@singingway Particle pollution - also called particulate matter (PM) - is made up of particles (tiny pieces) of solids or liquids that are in the air. These particles may include: Dust Dirt Soot Smoke Drops of liquid Some particles are big enough (or appear dark enough) to see - for example, you can often see smoke in the air. Others are so small that you can’t see them in the air.
@Strategies2010
@Strategies2010 3 ай бұрын
Could you explain what you mean here? I don't see how particulate matter and aerosols are any different in this context. Pressurized gas cans vaporize their contents as they flow out of the nozzle, thus creating microcontaminants (say, Febreze or something similar). Smoke particulates would effectively be the same thing, less any difference in their overall size, no?
@Zoyx
@Zoyx 3 ай бұрын
@@Strategies2010 - Pariticluate matter (smoke, dust, ash, etc.) blocks the sun and is a cool forcing. Aerosol can propellants like butane and isobutane, are greenhouse gases and are a warm forcing.
@lissacablerware8475
@lissacablerware8475 3 ай бұрын
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection is geoengineering the weather.
@marcelolinhares2465
@marcelolinhares2465 3 ай бұрын
Thank you for bringing you. You should consider captioning it in other languages for broader audiences! Probably through some partnerships, but that is also above my pay grade.
@rwhunt99
@rwhunt99 3 ай бұрын
Couple of questions - do those buoys measure salinity of the water also; and, do you include the matter coming out of volcanoes, for example - is it going up with increased activity, or is it, remaining steady or average?Actually with increased CO2, it increases the acidity of the oceans affecting all life from the bottom of the food chain up. It's clearly affecting shellfish now as they aren't able to build as quickly the shells that protect their survival.
@DavidWelker
@DavidWelker 3 ай бұрын
There is an ongoing trend in agriculture/gardening to go no-till, which could effectively turn their soil into a carbon sink. With the growing concern of soil degradation and erosion, more and more farmers are cover cropping and using more direct seeding equipment to not disturb the soil’s ecosystem. The goal is to put more organic matter into the soil, as well as natural fertilization. It will be interesting to see how that trend continues and how big of an impact it will make on predictions.
@surf-n-turf
@surf-n-turf 4 ай бұрын
Refining models “a lot” indicates how unreliable they have been.
@knightriderBronze
@knightriderBronze 4 ай бұрын
This is the kind of people we need to see daily on tv. Talking about important scientific issues and educating the public. What a different world we’d live on if this was the case.
@CountryLifestyle2023
@CountryLifestyle2023 4 ай бұрын
Need celebrate and idolize these ppl over celebrities
@summerbrooks9922
@summerbrooks9922 4 ай бұрын
Absolutely we remain in dire circumstances in our worship of rock stars and actors like Ronald Reagun, Arnold Swartznegger, and Trump. Get the media to start honoring truth seekers called scientists.
@svenolofandersson2572
@svenolofandersson2572 2 ай бұрын
I don't think there is a right or wrong direction of prediction failures. The most important take-away from all this is that the previous models can't properly predict the temperature based on current science. I think it is extremely honest by Gavin Schmidt to admit this. Back to the drawing board.
@brucefrykman8295
@brucefrykman8295 Ай бұрын
*RE: " I think it is extremely honest by Gavin Schmidt to admit this. Back to the drawing board."* If at first you don't succeed, fail fail again as long as someone else is footing the bills.
@kentjenkins734
@kentjenkins734 Ай бұрын
Can't we try out the reflective-aerosol thing really light at first and after a few years see if we want to add a little more?
@marchalthomas6591
@marchalthomas6591 4 ай бұрын
In a far future, aliens coming to visit will conclude that we went extinct trying to print the most little green papers possible for a thousand paper hoarders. This will be an intergalactic joke
@feliciaisaac30
@feliciaisaac30 4 ай бұрын
Great book on the topic of geoengineering is Under a White Sky by Elizabeth Kolbert it is a very cautionary tale on how science can make a larger mess of the environment based on reactionary theories without considering the consequences to the environment. I would recommend reading that book when considering climate solutions.
@reuireuiop0
@reuireuiop0 4 ай бұрын
China wil just go ahead and do geoengineering whenever they like, when it gets too hot for comfort - and for reliable crop harvests. They've already done their Geo engineering bit by having showers rain out before hitting the Beijing Olympics. In Chinese eyes, the only civilization worth thinking about is theirs, the rest are irrelevant barbarians, not necessary to listen to. The West to them are decadents, who've been at it only for some centuries, while Chinese culture goes back millennia. Arguments we the West think are relevant, don't count when saving Chinese lives and culture. They'll tell us "you've brought most carbon in the atmosphere, now _you_ go and pay the hefty price ($80-120 a ton co2 at leastest, the going price today) for removal of the greenhouse causing emissions". If rep party succeeds in making US irrelevant as a world power (what's that muttering about the Mexican border when you got two be wars going on that could both end the west's tenure as the world dominating power .. they think America can go it alone ? Good luck with that
@hansolo2797
@hansolo2797 3 ай бұрын
It's not a problem with science, but with politics. Turning science into politics with no time to reconsider things always will fail.
@paulstiles7738
@paulstiles7738 3 ай бұрын
Just look at the movie Geostorm, which would most likely be more real than you could believe.
@markorourke5901
@markorourke5901 3 ай бұрын
@@hansolo2797 I think they both play equal parts in the propaganda.
@johnheigis83
@johnheigis83 3 ай бұрын
Hi, Well said. Thusly, I hope to get all my research into your hands. All I can say is - or, so it seems - my OCD found us a - very workable - path...? I promise - as a former Marine - this is incredibly good stuff... ... While, not being my creation. ... I only found parts and pieces, we can refit, into a 21st century context. I hope to hear back. This is incredibly important. I struggle, to get the right folks, to listen... ... To hear me out, and take and apply it. ... Through,a neutral / objective logistics / liaison matrix NGO. Structured, something like ARC, with Chapters, everywhere. It needs champions. Semper Fidelis...
@user-kp1cm6kj9f
@user-kp1cm6kj9f 3 ай бұрын
Thank you for all you do for us and the planet! Take good care of yourself, as we need you around!
@andrewfong4216
@andrewfong4216 3 ай бұрын
You guys missed one possible explanation of the exceptional warmth of 2023: 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai volcanic eruption that lofted huge amounts of water vapor into the stratosphere which is there to stay for several years. My opinion is that climate scientists have seriously underestimated water vapor's warming, particularly when it is high up in the atmosphere. What is clear to me is that a majority of the infrared photons that escape into space do not escape from the earth's surface, but from cooler levels higher up in the atmosphere. It stands to reason that water vapor in the normally very dry stratosphere stands the highest chance of intercepting and absorbing the IR photons that are otherwise headed out into space. Water vapor near the surface - where most of the weather happens isn't as important as the IR photons that cool the earth mainly originate from higher altitudes. That may be the ticket to what is confounding your current models.
@rps1689
@rps1689 3 ай бұрын
If the Tonga eruption does push the global mean temp up globally temporarily; still insignificant in regard to long-term climate trend, but not for the stratosphere, as it has created a wide range of potential long-lasting repercussions for its global composition and dynamics. A much bigger concern is how its chemistry affects ozone variations causing an impact on sea ice and sea surface temperature.
@eugenio1542
@eugenio1542 3 ай бұрын
Yes. Discussion in Australia about this causing higher heat and humidity. 😮
@andrewfong4216
@andrewfong4216 3 ай бұрын
@@rps1689 By pushing the global temperature up temporarily it may be affecting their estimate of climate sensitivity to CO2.
@rps1689
@rps1689 3 ай бұрын
@@andrewfong4216 Time will tell. It takes fifty years for a climate trend to stand out from weather noise and ocean oscillations, and thirty years to stand out from weather noise alone. It will take an eruption more powerful than Tonga’s to affect a climate trend, a volcanic eruption bigger than any in human history. Basically an event like Tonga in the long run will work out to zero as a climate forcing over the long-term.
@andrewfong4216
@andrewfong4216 2 ай бұрын
@@lrvogt1257 Not after the water vapor reaches the Stratosphere where it is normally very dry and there is little mixing between the stratosphere and the troposphere. Scientific papers predict the water vapor in the stratosphere could remain elevated for up to 10 years!
@jackryan6446
@jackryan6446 4 ай бұрын
I would love to hear Gavin talk about what all the inputs and variables are that he uses for his model.
@hotbit7327
@hotbit7327 4 ай бұрын
Me too! Also explanations about temp. measurements. The city can be warmer by 10C than a nearby forest. If weather station 60 years ago was still in the forest, but now the city surrounded it - how do they adjust? In that case temperature change has nothing to do with increased CO2 levels, but more tarmac and concrete around the station.
@Strategies2010
@Strategies2010 3 ай бұрын
​@@hotbit7327 I don't remember where I saw it originally, but there was a clip out there describing the process as first breaking Earth's surface into a large number of grids (imagine longitude and latitude lines, but finer resolution / smaller scale). Temperatures are measured within those grids and we take the average to get an idea of the temperature. This is done worldwide, constantly. So your inner-city high temperatures would likely get averaged out by the lower forest temperatures, to yield some value in between them. Not sure how altitude comes into play, but we've also got weather balloons and other depth/height-sensitive equipment for things like that
@chrisfreebairn870
@chrisfreebairn870 3 ай бұрын
The heat Island effect is a well known problem & controlled for, like solar cycles .. kinda basic stuff, but deniers think they are smart enough to think of this & professional climate scientists are not!
@rabelad
@rabelad 3 ай бұрын
I would also like to know what assumptions - and how many assumptions - are used in climate modeling.
@DavidRCelebrezze
@DavidRCelebrezze 4 ай бұрын
Very disturbing. As someone who works in the sustainability field in a state that doesn't even acknowledge climate change is real, hearing that things are getting worse is really depressing. Conflict based on climate change is already happening and climate wars are down the road. In the US we have a major party presidential candidate that is about as useless as a moldy dish rag when it comes to combating climate change. You have the House that is lead by zealots who come from a line of thought that believe owning people was alright not that long ago. I'll continue to try and live my life in a sustainable fashion and encourage others to do so. But it gets more and more difficult every day to believe we will avoid the worst of climate change.
@-Daralynn-
@-Daralynn- 4 ай бұрын
You cannot avoid what you have no power over.
@woodchipgardens9084
@woodchipgardens9084 4 ай бұрын
In climate modeling i never hear about weather the temperatures represent winds from the Desert or Winds from Alaska affecting the same territory.
@anthonycongiano8890
@anthonycongiano8890 4 ай бұрын
​@@woodchipgardens9084 They measured the temperature of the ocean at different depths and have been comparing the upward trend, using historical data. They are not, for example, calculating the wind from the Sahara Desert with the wind in Alaska and determining whether those winds affect Europe.
@woodchipgardens9084
@woodchipgardens9084 4 ай бұрын
@@anthonycongiano8890 temperatures swing up and down depending which direction the wind blows, Ocean currents change also, seems highly manipulated by chance.
@prepreslava
@prepreslava 4 ай бұрын
Let's educate young people and empower the movement that youth are creating to push back on the earth- hostile industries
@biggav7434
@biggav7434 2 ай бұрын
Nice to see folk talk about geoengineering. Even if just joking about it
@damonnobile5905
@damonnobile5905 2 ай бұрын
These particles in the atmosphere, are they small or large enough to be considered condensation nuclei? How much of the daily weather controls the amount of these particles?
@gordonwyeth2191
@gordonwyeth2191 4 ай бұрын
Great vid, thanks. Small note: a micron is 1000th of a millimetre folks, not a 1000th of a centimetre.
@ika5666
@ika5666 4 ай бұрын
It just shows the level and reliability of their "predictions" and "conclusions".
@CynicalBastard
@CynicalBastard 4 ай бұрын
@@ika5666 No, it's just easy to misremember something that is commonplace, so much so, that it becomes redundant. You ever hear of a 'redundancy' before?
@ika5666
@ika5666 4 ай бұрын
@@CynicalBastard I odn't agree. They just don't care and, therefore, their opinions are barely competent and worthy of respect.
@CynicalBastard
@CynicalBastard 4 ай бұрын
@@ika5666 You just described yourself.
@ika5666
@ika5666 4 ай бұрын
@@CynicalBastard You just have shown that you like lies, both your own and those of fake climate change maniacs.
@bens8696
@bens8696 3 ай бұрын
I’m curious to hear what your viewpoint is concerning solar/earth magnetic pole shift and weakening of the magnetosphere factor into these models. As well as galactic dust playing into these models? Is there any likelyhood these factors could play into climate models?
@rps1689
@rps1689 3 ай бұрын
All of that is taken into account. Those magnetic forces, which are far less than changes in solar irradiation and the Milankovitch cycles (both of which are in cooling phases) and the long-term carbon cycle as reflected in changes in the greenhouse composition of the atmosphere. In addition, those magnetic forces are relatively constant, so while they might impact the fluid dynamics of the atmosphere, it would only be in terms of short-term fluctuations working out to zero over the long-term. Solar forcing is important, but on time scales relevant to human history solar irradiance is practically constant. Even near solar minimum, when galactic comic rays have easier access to Earth, and during the solar maximum, their spectrum remains relatively constant in energy and composition, varying only slowly with time. Just as the solar cycle follows a roughly elven year cycle, so does galactic cosmic rays with its maximum. No mechanism has been discovered for variations in the solar wind or magnetic field to affect Earth's climate significantly. It's a red herring when folk claim these forcing do; popular on "climate skeptic" pseudoscience blogs, but we know once a talking point gains inertia in the "skeptic" echo chamber, it never dies. The steady decline in energy output, the 11 year cycle in sunspots, and the variations in the solar wind shows no correlation with climate on annual, decadal, nor century scales.
@Bookhermit
@Bookhermit 3 ай бұрын
Still not warming nearly fast enough - I want +10 degrees C ASAP!!!
@thijs3514
@thijs3514 3 ай бұрын
😂 yes please
@jayt6571
@jayt6571 2 ай бұрын
11:05 this moment killed me 😂 he said we have hair and you dont lol when he clearly has hair starting midway of his head to the back its just hiding 😂
@simonpaine2347
@simonpaine2347 4 ай бұрын
I loved the British reaction to saying that he doesn’t have hair and "we are all fffed.
@ThousandSsunnyss
@ThousandSsunnyss 4 ай бұрын
Thank you again Neil, Paul, Gavin and everyone that makes this channel happen
@alfansosimon4230
@alfansosimon4230 2 ай бұрын
"Removing the pollution is making the atmosphere warmer" I remember a time when scientists would be laughing at that statement.
@GamingGreyBeard
@GamingGreyBeard Ай бұрын
What if we placed a sun screen between us and the sun? I suggested a "sand caster" in my fifth grade science class that would periodically scatter sand from a satellite in order to reflect some of the sunlight acting like an external ozone layer.
@gregjones2217
@gregjones2217 4 ай бұрын
I'm over seventy and have a graduate degree in sciences. I watched the great Sagan and now watch you and several others. I just wanted to say thank you for all the knowledge and insights you've imparted. Your teaching style is excellent.
@kevinjackson4464
@kevinjackson4464 4 ай бұрын
If you're over seventy, you should remember the coming ice age we had to prepare for, how are those preparations coming along?
@inediblenut
@inediblenut 3 ай бұрын
Anyone who studied statistics in college, like me, is absolutely terrified by the temperature data that we are collecting. It is obvious from recent readings that the planet is not only warming, it's out of control (statistically speaking). Why worry about this? We have no idea what might happen in the future. We can no longer assume linearity or any other constraint on what might happen, particularly with extremes.
@stevet835
@stevet835 3 ай бұрын
Relative to the age of the earth, we’ve been collecting data for a submicroscopic amount of time. It makes it meaningless. Also, the sun is expanding so of course it’s going to heat up.
@vuchaser99
@vuchaser99 3 ай бұрын
I am terrified of the data we are no longer collecting and using model proxy data in its replacement within the global mean calculations
@Krusty-kl5ej
@Krusty-kl5ej 2 ай бұрын
One thousand years ago, generations of Norsemen were harvesting wheat and barley - IN GREENLAND. This is the Medieval warming period - much warmer than today, and with no noticeable rise in CO2. You can't farm grain crops in Greenland today, it's too cold.
@inediblenut
@inediblenut 2 ай бұрын
@@Krusty-kl5ej well, the good news is that they are going to be able to do it again in a few years. The bad news is that when the ice cover melts to allow this, the oceans will rise another 7 meters, flooding the homes and farms of about two billion people, give or take. That's why we might want to do something now.
@davidtuer5825
@davidtuer5825 2 ай бұрын
@@Krusty-kl5ej I've seen quite a few graphs showing that CO2 follows temperature rise, not the other way round. So much of the discussion of climate change involves cherry picking information to suit. Gavin Schmidt ( what a name for an Englishman!!) introduced a whole load of variables that I've never heard of before, and neither had Neil Grasse, it seems.
@bevanthistlethwaite3123
@bevanthistlethwaite3123 Ай бұрын
StarTalk - do you curate the comments yourself or do you employ people or bots to do so. I ask this as what I believe are reasonable conversations have been regularly scrubbed almost as quickly as I submit them. It seems as if someone or something is overly zealous.
@andrewchapman2783
@andrewchapman2783 Ай бұрын
But does your model factor in all 3 elements of the Milankovitch Cycle?
@JZsBFF
@JZsBFF 4 ай бұрын
9:17 This brings to mind the lecture of Guy McPherson on the Global Dimming Effect... from a decade ago.
@guinnaboo
@guinnaboo 4 ай бұрын
I'm wondering if the number and size of the forest fires this past summer (particularly in Canada) may have been a significant factor in the difference of the projected model for 2023 compared to the actual temperature.
@Nefville
@Nefville 4 ай бұрын
I wonder that too. Hard not to think so when they sky was yellow all the way down here in Kentucky for weeks.
@RSTirendi
@RSTirendi 4 ай бұрын
Due to a climate activist arsonist.
@IIISentorIII
@IIISentorIII 4 ай бұрын
The released store carbon dioxide inside the trees definitely increases temperature globally or on a very large area. The particles in the air probably slightly make it cooler for a very short time period around a fire location (microclimate), just like a volcano eruption does and did.
@woodchipgardens9084
@woodchipgardens9084 4 ай бұрын
In climate modeling i never hear about weather the temperatures represent winds from the Desert or Winds from Alaska affecting the same territory.
@philmabarak5421
@philmabarak5421 4 ай бұрын
@@RSTirendi All BS. Propagated by the deniers. Show us EVIDENCE of your allegation! And it fkng makes no sense! It does makes sense to BLAME it on an activist! It does make sense for a deranged denier to set it and then blame, or knowing the hate cult will then blame and make the blame go viral. We will be the first to prosecute anyone that deliberately caused any fire! The deniers are the first to DEFEND the perpetrator!
@Jtg-n-va
@Jtg-n-va 14 күн бұрын
The biggest takeaway for me is the models aren't correct for predicting changes in a particular year or for a short time period, but the story has been consistent and the planet has been warming resulting in climate change. The more we learn, the better we will understand how the climate changes and how we can best respond.
@michaelsmith2017
@michaelsmith2017 Ай бұрын
Neil, I think another interesting Star Talk would be if you had Sir Brian May, guitarist of the legendary band Queen on as a guest. Most people don't know that he has a PhD in Astro Physics as well and collaborates with NASA in his "spare time".
@rajanne2947
@rajanne2947 4 ай бұрын
I really appreciate you educating us with clarity even while half asleep!
@JZsBFF
@JZsBFF 4 ай бұрын
And you were able to sleep afterwards?
@ika5666
@ika5666 4 ай бұрын
If you call this one education you need to educate yourself, and not be "educated" by those likes, irresponsible maniac scientists in my book.
@KxNOxUTA
@KxNOxUTA 4 ай бұрын
I love that you see this situation with humour cause yes, we'll need a lot of it! :'D Also, it now makes a tons of sense that the time around COVID also had us see warmer and warmer years. We reduced pollution significantly around this time. Also with all the weather and stuff going nuts ... I guess we also saw population decrease - I'd assume? Which again likely affected pollution, no?
@missvic659
@missvic659 2 ай бұрын
My biggest takeaway is that the three of you can even make a catastrophic event funny!
@rikardnorlen752
@rikardnorlen752 2 ай бұрын
Great and easy to listen to, but would have needed much more on the different effects and system behind 🙂 On historical data further back than early 150 years for example.
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