Sketch Armslong lmao

LMFAO!

I feel like I'm being personally attacked by this. 😐

Haha, you stole the comment right out of my head!

"Is it personal attack or something?"

My math teacher was a monster.

When the nerd goes through an emo phase

@@PaulaJBean +1

Would be a nice sequel to "Industrial algebra" by G. Egan

Check this out kzfaq.info/get/bejne/eKl5gK6ctNy2fJc.html

Your videos are brilliant!

Aww It’s great to see this comment and see what you do today :)

New sub to you

How would one pronounce the phrase-, “Anything is possible “ -In mathematician¿?¿

@Tibees Its been 4 years, go for it !! 🤗

I assumed he meant on the streets rioting and looting

GUTs for Food

Go for it !!

Nah... physicists assume everything is spherical and in a vacuum. They would consider a cube to be strange... :-D

Strange is literally the name of the matter or should I call it subatomic particles.

strange is literally the name of the matter as far as i know.

@@DoctorOblivian wee woo wee woo it's the joke police!

@@philiphughes9899 If you find a big ol cube out there in space I'd call that pretty strange too...

Well if you think of humanities technological state since the dawn of man 1000 years of advancement is pretty minor. Prolly even more so if we survive another 10000 years without collapsing.

"Sarcasm" is the word you're looking for. Pronounced:(Sahr-kaz-um)

@@xebek Nope, definitely not sarcasm. "a sharp and often satirical or ironic utterance designed to cut or give pain" www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sarcasm I'm sticking with understatement.

@Le Tigidou The last 100 years brought more advancements than the previous 2000 years , which brought already more than the last 200 000, you meant

SCP-1313 (Solve for Bear): *intensely breathes*

It's PBS

yes, but a Top star would top them both :-D

KohuGaly Isn't "Top Star" the name of one of those reality/talent contest TV shows?

Master Therion I have no idea. Pretty much the only thing I watch on TV these days is Simpsons...

I'd find a star made of Down Quarks to be pretty depressing.

Master Therion I'd be down to see a video about Down Quark Stars

I'll check out the other channel - 3 blue 1 brown, yeah? Where's the name come from?

he has heterochromia, he has one eye that's about 3/4ths blue and 1/4ths brown

@@nicooooooooooooooooooo wow. Nice one, did not know that

I got that reference! Also, did you get that reference? Hahaha.

@@Locke19901 Doctor......... Doctor Strange

Thanks for supporting public media!

There is a lot of quackery among mathemeticians who have ruined science

@@fivish How? Please elaborate.

@@tiffanyohara7713 Okay thanks for clearing that up for me

My apologies! -Donald Duck

Josh Nolan I've never related to a comment more than this one

Curiosity, which is a fine quality. Ignorance can be cured through study, but lack of curiosity is a permanent affliction.

Arioch IV Well said. Anyone who isn't a little interested in this stuff is missing out.

Will Lastnameguy "is missing out" and not just a little bit. It informs your world view in a big way and pushes silly ideas like a 6k old earth out the window :3

Can I have your comment on a plaque to hang up over my desk? lol incredibly well stated.

And now I'm picturing a physicist wearing a leather vest and a red-and-white "Ninja" headband.

Science ninjas!

QBasicTNN and don't forget a technocratic empire enforcing a finger slit salute

The Rogue Wolf Don’t forget to include blackjack and hookers!

QBasicTNN "strange magic" by ELO better be the soundtrack

i assume the pressure

Argentarii Homini 'Amen'

Argentarii Homini Mmm, the tears of the ignorant.

Because Nature.

Oh, the neutrons are moving. Those extreme densities don't prohibit movement. There's thermal motion (although this does't quite work the same way in degenerate matter), and probably all sorts of weird superfluid motion going on also, like microscopic vortices that stretch from the crust to the core.

Y O J I M B O 用心棒 I believe this is related to No Nut November. I’m pretty sure he’s not dog whistling the murderous ideology of Marxism lol.

Like seriously its someone said to quarks that you cant get denser than that and they were like yea i can. Its like that kid who keeps inventing rules as the game goes along

He did the meme 2 years before it was funny he's a time traveller

Next you're gonna tell me there is something more dense than a black hole.

@@GuyFromJupiter Your mom

Maybe the missing mass is composed entirely of apostrophes...!

You'll have to steal from them.

Special EDy Just find a way to break the lightspeed barrier. Then you should see everything else go backwards. All you need is a way to find a little more than infinite energy and a way to survive collapsing into a black hole, but those are minor obstacles. Orrrrr maybeee dark matter isn't just the opposite of matter but matter looping back on itself, you could perhaps find a way to do that. But for that you would have to end the existence of your physical body completely and hope that your consciousness will loop along just to see if that idea is real, which it probably isn't. For that there would have to be exactly the same amounts of matter and antimatter and antimatter should follow the exact path of matter but backwards in time. But maybe there are some possibilities similar to that idea that just don't require antimatter. Other ways of time travel are even more dangerous. As long as Hawking is alive anyway.

Hawking the Anti-Time Travel guy...is *Time Travelling* from past to future at about 1 second per second.. xD

Setekh I think you could escape the event horizon. You just need to be in the right place as two massive black holes spiral into collision. Fall into the first black hole on suborbital path in the opposite direction the two black holes are spiraling each other. If you subsequently hit the Legrange point between the two black holes at precisely the right place and vector, you escape. If the black holes are massive enough, the tidal forces won't rip you apart. What happens in this corridor is beyond my imagination, you are theoretically inside of two event horizons, but the net gravitational pull is zero at some point. I don't know if that means spacetime will be undistorted at this point, or some other crazy effects. I think that this is the epicenter of the gravitational waves that we are trying to detect though.

As two black holes approach each other, the event horizons would become elongated along a line intersecting both singularities, but initially they wouldn't merge. As they got closer, they would begin to expand on the axis perpendicular to the line intersecting them, but I think there should be a point where they are bowl shaped. You could load Dr Hawking into a space ship and send him on a trajectory where he passes through this extending wall, which is trying to close around the bubble of the Legrange point in the center. Maybe someday I will have sufficient knowledge of the physics equations needed to test this, and the skills to plug it into a simulation.

Perhaps the fact that neutron starts are made of degenerate matter mean that there is no surface to rotate at all, and thus no violation of relativity, and thus infinite angular momentum is allowed?

wcsxwcsx I agree, I retained the information from this video a lot better than previous ones

wcsxwcsx I still like when he gets super passionate about it, though. It helps me stay engaged. Same speed, but put your heart into it m8!

He's approaching the end of his hosting life. Soon his core will run out of fuel and he'll suffer a total collapse. Fear not, his last video will be an energetic burst wherein he seeds the clouds of potential replacement hosts with heavy elements.

Gareth Dean, comments like yours is the reason why I keep reading the comment section on youtube

I actually thought he was picking up a bit of the Vsauce style. A speaking style I find easy to digest.

Scowlie Meerkat 1993 C & H

"Instead of making an idiot of yourself, why don't you go find me some scientists?" John Calvin, -1562

me also feel big smart

Me fill small and stupid

well, it aren't called PBS Grammar time for something.

My intilligence levels are increase in my brane after player this video

Very science. Much smart. Wow.

I believe it will be sooner if it is real. Who knows

@Mayank Nigam yup, I'm here after Kurzgesagt video

@@kutaykockar I hope so 😌

Nah....we already have those.

We already have a picture of a Strange Star and it's the one mentioned here. We've had it since 2003. And they don't look exactly the same as Neutron Stars - they're smaller. This one is 11km in diameter. The minimum for a Neutron Star is 17km.

BUT THE HEAT DEATH MAN

Pink Freud - TOLL Acct: Don't tell me Patreon is Koch Bros owned too?

Same here.And that's without most of the mathematical equations!

Same Here. I wish I could understand even 50% of most videos. Such a great channel.

Veronika Alcoba There's nothing like a pretty woman who likes to get mentally stimulated by science. 😍😍😍

there's nothing like creepy dudes on the internet and every other walk of life.

Thomas Ingram There's nothing like creepy dudes that mention personal attributes over the internet. 😂

Johnny, please keep your sexual opinions to yourself. NO ONE cares.

aspuzling And you take the time to mention this because you care? 😆

Yes please!

@@daveanderson718 Make Physics Great Again!

Forever is a philosophical concept. What he really means is minimum 10 to the power of 126 years.

Strange star: You must put on some mass, mate. You'll feel warmer.

you should be top comment.

It's not click bait though.

Nate Daniel: you dodge a bullet on that one, it flew just over your head.

You should check out guywithaboxforaface. Some say it's Shia. No way of knowing but still some strange stuff.

CyberFenix000 Is is a bird? Is it a plane? No, it's a joke flying waaaay over your head!

LOL

It is terrible when they turn to theoretical crime!

Be careful what you wish for....

Yes! Imagine them roaming the darkness terrorising us with their equations.

It's actually a mathematical consequence of the probabilistic nature of Quantum Mechanics. Basically, if you write out the Dirac Equation describing 2 fermions, if they are both in _exactly_ the same physical state, two terms in the equation cancel each other and multiply the rest of the equation by zero, which means that the probability of this state existing is zero. That's why it's "forbidden": it just has zero probability of occurring. Something this video omits to mention is that isolated neutrons are not stable. They decay into protons and electrons and [anti]neutrinos. However, if you force electrons and protons together with enough energy, they're faced with either (1) trying to do the impossible [that zero-probabilty result that we call the Pauli Exclusion Principle]; or (2) reversing a natural reaction and creating a neutron, one that's held together by the gravitational pressure that overcame the Pauli Exclusion Principle. In short, the lifetime of the neutron appears to depend on the pressure it's under. [Edit: Neutrons are also stable when bound to protons in a nucleus. So the lifetime of the neutron also depends on what's around it, as well as the pressure it's under.] That raises the question: what's the dependence, as a function of pressure, of the lifetimes of other 3-quark hadrons … not only the ones involving a strange-quark, but those involving all 6 quark flavors? Perhaps those hadrons stabilize at ever increasing pressures, leading to a whole chain of different Exotic Matter stars. Some of those stars may be so dense, that they have an event-horizon.

Not really. The mass of electrons, neutrinos, etc. in the sun would be not inconsiderable. A tiny fraction of course but not negligible.

@@CommissionerSleer he means all stars are made of quarks

@@user-kx5es4kr4x If by that you mean "they have quarks in them" then... well... obviously... like everything else. My point is no star is made "entirely" of quarks.

@@CommissionerSleer yea, just 99.9% XD I think we can safely say: "May contain trace amounts of leptons and bosons"

@@CommissionerSleer and you KNOW this how ?

You invoked the law of puppies and kittens. No matter how liked something is in KZfaq, there will always be someone that has to downvote. -2 for some reason.

They'd be strange people. I'll see myself out..

You jinxed it.

People will read this comment and dislike the video just because. This channel has a pretty good community but anonymity always brings out the worst in people.

Not that dislikes have any kind of effect. They're a placebo.

Saw one trying to sell a Tesla coil at a pawn shop the other day. Hard times mate 🐨

Tens of thousands of theoretical physisists and mathematicians have to keep coming up with stuff to justify their huge salaries and billions spent on their toys (LH C etc)

1. Not highest possible entropy if the universe is your system. Very high if your system is the strange star. What is interesting is that, at this state, things are happening (those quarks and gluons interacting), but its hard to detect change. So not necessarily frozen in time. 2. Probably. No, we can't create quark liquids at low temperatures (relatively low).

A strange star isn't the most stable matter in the universe. A black hole is. Throw enough matter into a strange star and eventually it'll turn into a black hole. They are the true objects in the universe in which time has frozen that isn't going at the speed of light. Q1 - They aren't frozen in time. A strange star may have a very, very high state of entropy; but, it's not at it's absolute highest, as state above. Q2 - A Type-3 Civilization could reproduce a strange star; but, why would they? After all, a strange star is degenerate matter in a compressed state. Other than scientific curiosity, I see no reason to pour resources into making one.

Paul Ngo thx for the explanation

Sarah Hansen Well, Weapons & Defense Industries. Hyper-Dense Alloys could be developed which can be used as Shields for SpaceCrafts and non-Nuclear but extremely powerful Kinetic Impact weapons

_"Hyper-Dense Alloys could be developed which can be used as Shields for SpaceCrafts and non-Nuclear but extremely powerful Kinetic Impact weapons"_ Subtract the ultra extreme gravity and what is strange matter? A highly compact ultra efficient nuclear bomb. The matter would fling out in all directions at ultra high-speed while the strange quarks decay into up and down quarks (forming neutrons and releasing huge amounts of energy). After the strange quarks decay the neutrons would rapidly decay forming high-speed charged particles. Strange matter doesn't exist unless its in excessively extreme gravity.

I believe he's made of Fever Shaman, whatever that is.

He's made of bags full of sharks. Or something.

50% bees, 58% overacting, 3% incorrect math.

Well, he's not made of quacks. That might explain it.

pissing myself '3% incorrect math' hahahaha i want that on a t-shirt

+

Interesting theory, but the characteristics between neutron stars and black holes are quite different, and if black holes were really quark stars, then there should only be minor differences between them. For example, the escape velocity of a neutron star is between a third to half the speed of light. Since a quark star is slightly more dense than a neutron star, then its escape velocity should be more than half the speed of light, but not faster than light, as is the case with black holes. Also, neutron stars behave as pulsars. We get no pulsar detection from black holes. A quark star should also have pulsar-like effects.

@@jeffo9396 Still, there is the possibility that there s exists even further degenerated matter inside Black holes. That we don't observe magnetic fields, is because of the event horizon. It should be possible on paper to calculate the density and diameter of such a star to have an escape velocity larger than c. Then figure out at what energy level conditions that would exist, and what period after the Big bang that resembles? The notion that once an event horizon forms all matter becomes a singularity, is just a remnant of GR, there is no reason to think this happens as the same density. What about a Gluon star or even a String star, which quite fittingly could be called a yarnball??

​@@Tore_Lund That's certainly possible. I was only making the argument that black holes and quark stars are different cosmic objects. If, as you suggest, that black holes comprise of another type of degenerate matter, then one possibility would be something on the plank scale, such as very dense superstring matter.

Remind me, what is it exactly?

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell's_theorem Just talks about the the limitations of "observing" the quantum world. I don't understand it as well as I would like to so I hope they do a video!

Viktor Maciag Ah okay. I hope they do, too.

Thermal neutron capture by iron nuclei doesn't occur, it requires a lot of energy, more then can be provided even by neutron star temperatures.

+Gareth Dean Interesting! Do you know much more about neutron star formation? I have so many questions. Is the iron crust pure iron? Would the super nova event be energetic enough to seed the crust with other elements or would the collapsing outer layers be able to tunnel some other elements into the iron crust? +TheWise Meatball I totally forgot about that episode! Thanks!

Abe Dillon I know a bit about the mechanics yes. A lot of details are poorly known, even by experts since neutron stars are the result of fiendishly extreme conditions and involve forms of matter that we have trouble simulating even in supercomputers to the point that the LHC has actually given us insight into neutron stars as recently as this year. The crust is not pure iron. Iron predominates, along with nickel because it is part of the collapsing core that becomes the star. Lighter elements are surprisingly stable, even hydrogen but tend to have been blown away by the supernova or 'boiled off' the hot young pulsar. Heavier elements tend to likewise form in the neutron flux emitted by the core and little make their way back. The iron is also not the usual metal we know. Its nuclei are pushed as close together as possible, a sort of very dense plasma, and much of the iron's 'electron sea' in fact spreads out into the star. (The exclusion principle means that the electrons can be lower energy if they move about the whole volume of the star rather than packing tightly with the iron. The iron nuclei however are constrained by their size, they cannot move between neutrons. Interestingly free protons (Hydrogen) can do this also and fill the star at allow enough density to avoid fusing with electrons.) It's quite remarkable just how much iron is made by the star. Looking at universal abundances ( periodictable.com/Properties/A/UniverseAbundance.html ) you can see iron is sixth and most heavy elements are mere traces. Iron even outweighs its precursors like silicon, magnesium and even nitrogen.

Abe Dillon

Jason Holtkamp neutronstars have about a diameter of 10-20 km, so it "only" spins 10-20% of the speed of light

Ahhh ok that makes sense I didn't realize how tiny they are

It's also worth noting the atoms are so densely packed and connected, it's "harder" then a diamond (By a loooot) that combined with the small size of the star is what lets it rotate at a significant fraction of the speed of light without flying apart. We've found some that spin at nearly half the speed of light. Sounds like a lot! But compared to the jet streams we've clocked spitting out of quasars at around 95% the speed of light, it's certainly not the fastest or craziest thing in the universe.

+Simon Thor They actually also cheat by dragging the local space time with them slightly, allowing for higher apparent speeds.

Also on heavier neutron stars, the gravity is so strong that light rays emitted at some angles can actually bend back into the star's surface, and light can have closed orbits around it.

Beauty-full comment

As far as we know, yes.

IMO black hole is literally the zero of existence.

Aditya, i just hope you know that what you said makes no sense.

***** Oh, like black holes do!

Aditya Khanna black holes are real, however hard they are to understand. Your point is non-existent, please stop.

no. he said qwawk. g'day, mate!

G'damn koala fuckers🐨

Really? Could you tell something more?

Strange Charm That is not a sensible question. It's like asking the electronegativity of a house.

Strange Charm They are converted directly into leptons in a core about the size of an apple. This releases a tremendous amount of energy. If I understand correctly, it is a type of tunneling from one vacuum state to another.

Strange Charm they poof away into energy. Think of what happens when a quark-abtiquark pair meets, or when a black hole decays due to Hawking radiation. At least that's what I THINK happens. Someone else will have to confirm

Quintino, I understand that. I'm sure it's a simplification but I think it's a quote from the video.

Musky Quarks converting into leptons sounds like insanity. Did you mean bosons?