This cars layout is discussed in the movie, my cousin Vinny. Turns out to be rather important to the plot

When I was a kid I bought one used from a neighbour, I only paid $75.00 for the car. He was told he needed a new transmittion! The drive shaft cover had just came loose at the engine. Cost to repair was one bolt! I loved that car.

My dad had a 62 Lemans with the 4 cylinder 1 barrel and 4 speed..when i was a young teenager..i would help my dad do maintenance on the Tempest...in exchange he would take me out to a empty parking lot to teach me how to drive the Tempest...that was one of the most fun times driving that awesome car !!!

I've been a car guy my whole life,70 years,and I never new about the unique drive train of the Pontiac Tempest.Thanks for sharing the knowledge.

My younger brother had one. He referred to it as rubber band drive because of the strange noises coming from the floor when he did hard acceleration. He said the thumping was the rubber band unwinding. (jokingly or course) - I had a 1965 Corvair Corsa so we were both driving 'unconventional' cars.

When I was 7, my grandmother bought a Tempist with the 4 cyl and automatic transaxle. The shifter was a small handle sticking out of the dash. As far as how much power it had, I would have no idea. Her TOP speed was 45 mph. No matter back then the limits were 70 and 65. My older brother and I went on a 500 mile each way trip with her! We watched the small animals run past as she drove! Not really, but it felt like it.

My 85 year old uncle said it was his favorite car, and he said it was the four cylinder. It's neat to have just been talking to him about his favorite car the other day and I am now getting a chance to look at it! Thank you for your reviewing it!!!

I've always been kind of fascinated by these early Tempests due to their unique engineering. I'm glad you covered it, Adam.

I learned to drive on a 61 Tempest. It was my Mom’s computer car. I was in the car when it was totaled on hill in upstate NY. My Mom used the transmission to slow her decent on ice by manually shifting down, the rear end basically locked, and proceeded to swap with the front, then slid into a culvert. I was a junior Motörhead and was aware of the unique drive train. Thanks for triggering some very precious memories. Excellent video.

I can't say it enough. Thank you for your channel as it does something magical: entertaining and educational.

Trans was from the corvair, they used a hollow shaft with the "rope" running through the center of the transmission to transmit the power to the torque converter literally feeding the power in from the rear. In the corvair the torque converter was driven from the other end. So really Pontiac did not develop a new trans, they used the trans and some of the rear suspension parts from the corvair

My family bought a ‘61 Tempest automatic with the Trophy 4 as a second car. In addition to the strange drivetrain, the gear selector was mounted to the dashboard with a very short perpendicular handle. I was only 7 at the time but I remember it well enough to attest to the pronounced vibrations from that motor. Thank you, Adam. 👍👍👍

That 59 Bonneville at the beginning - chef's kiss! It's beautiful! My dad had a convertible version for many years so it holds a special place in my heart. 💟

As a teen in the early '70s, while staying at high-school friends home for the weekend, I saw their neighbor had one of these Pontiacs in navy-blue. She gave me permission to look under the hood. Wow! I'd never seen a 'tilted' 4-cylinder like that one. I didn't know about the unique drivetrain or transaxle until the late '80s, when I saw a '63 Tempest up on a lift in a shop, with the engine running. Watching that naked torque-converter spinning behind the rear-end was something else! It's the kind of engineering we should've had in the '70s, but didn't!

When GM innovates....it returns to old tech in a few years. Corvair supplanted and replaced by the X-Body Nova and the F-Body Camaro to a lesser extent....and the Tempest....advanced architecture but returned to a more traditional layout with the introduction of the 1964 A bodies...The Tempest was a plot point in My Cousin Vinnie with it's independent rear suspension. . Personal connection to the 1963 Buick Special...my Dad's first new car....a "keys and a heater" special. Had the V6, a three on the tree and no radio or A/C. Eventually Mom convinced Dad to get a car with an automatic and air conditioning...and picked up a 1966 Impala Sport Coupe...which was eventually replaced by a 1970 Kingswood as our family grew.

This is yet another example of a car that I used to think was ugly. That picture of the red Tempest with fender skirts is very beautiful and classy right down to the wheel covers. It’s a part of the past that is too distant even for me. I really think the late fifties and early sixties were some of the most interesting years for automobiles and American culture.

I have been a car guy my entire life and have learned more from your channel in a couple of years than in all the years prior. Thank you, Adam.

Thanks, Adam. My very first car. Dad bought this for me used in 67 so I could get to college in the Upper Peninsula. It was a good, roomy car. Automatic gear shift was on the dash. Two speed automatic made passing cars on state roads an interesting proposition. If you tried flooring it to pass, the trans down shifted to low making you go slower. So, you had to leave 6 or 7 car lengths distance from the vehicle you were passing, wait for clear road ahead, gently increase pedal pressure to get up to passing speed, and if the road was still clear you could pass. Excellent car in the snow.

That was my first car, very used..... Mine had the 215, I think it was alumiuum, it was fun car, just be careful with fast sharp turns.... Thanks to Adam for posting...

I a ‘62 convertible that bought I ragged condition. I restored it whit white paint and a red vinyl interior. Wish I had not sold it. It was fast and fun! Thanks for the video!

a crossflow inline 4, in a car with 4-wheel independent suspension, and a nearly 50/50 weight distribution thanks to the transaxle. Period tests reported about 24 MPG as well. Honestly if they would have gone with a more conventional displacement for the 4-cylinder, something more optimal in the 2-2.5 liter range, this would have been a perfect car, and a serious contender for an import killer. Beautiful styling to boot! Hands down probably my favorite GM car of the era, and one I'd absolutely love to have. I never realized the driveshaft was so unconventional. Wish the innovative and adventurous era of a GM that really thought they could never be beat would have never ended...

I would love to have a Tempest with the Trophy 4, or a Corvair, or pretty much any GM car from the 60's truthfully.

To be honest, these early 60's GM compact cars were just not on my radar as a kid. They were somewhat frumpy cars that an older teen going off to college or a newly widowed aunt would drive. Only now can I appreciate the interesting engineering they had. The Tempest grew into a truly handsome car by mid-decade and was a beast by 1969.

An era when each divisions automobiles, both full size, and compact, had power trains, unique to their division…A great era for GM, and an Awesome era for the Customers. I turned 16 in the mid 60’s, and the Pontiac line, was my preference, because they truly did ‘Build Excitement’ in the 1960’s…Beautifully designed, and Exciting to Drive.

Back in the 80's I had two 62 LeMans coupes and a 61 Tempest coupe. Even back then when they were just 20 something year old cars, nobody knew they were ever made. The 4 cylinder engine came in four versions. High and low compression, and one or four barrel carb. You could mix or match either one. Mine were all one barrel but always thought the 4bbl on a 4 cylinder would be cool. I bought a 4bbl manifold at a junkyard and a carb on Hemmings but sold the cars before installing them.

Very interesting! I had heard of that “rope”, but never really understood how it worked. Thanks for explaining!

Impressive design , thanks for the video and also a beautiful car from the 60's

Not mentioned in the video was the optional 3 or 4 speed transaxle that was also available in the Corvair, that in the 4 speed was robust enough for a 160 hp turbo engine. So with the 4cyl 4 brl carb, with an available 4 speed and 3:98 posi gears, along with the 4 wheel independent suspension, made for a sporty handling car. I remember a family in my neighborhood that would car pool us to school on rainy days. The mother had a 4 dr Tempest, that had plenty of room for 6 passengers, 7 once in a pinch of kids. The Dad in that family drove a LeMans Coupe, with the HO 4cyl with 4 brl carb and 4 speed with posi I remember getting a ride one day with his son and I in the car and Dad chirped the tires in second gear!

The era when GM's engineers were willing to try different ideas. I'm sure some of the Trophy's power vs other inline motors was the fact that it had a cross flow head. I've always really loved the looks of these early tempests, a long with the other '61 compacts.

Ultimately Porsche used a similar half-a-V8 concept when it produced the large capacity four cylinder engine derived from the 5.0 L Porsche 928 V8 for the 944 engine. Unlike John DeLorean's concept and then Pontiac's development of the non balance shaft large V8 derived four cylinder, to quell the vibrations of their relatively large capacity 944 2,479 cc four cylinder, Porsche added a balancing shaft and additionally paid a technical patent usage licensing fee to Mitsubishi to allow the shaft usage. Ultimately Porsche grew the 944 four cylinder from 2.5L to the 3.0Lfour cylinder engine used in the Porsche 968. So even Porsche engine thinking was influenced by the clever, quickly developed Pontiac Tempest four cylinder.

When I was in college, my parents became so alarmed by the rusted-out wrecks i was, they gave me my mother's '61 metalic brown Tempest. I loved it. It had good acceleration, good handling

I had a slant 4 Tempest 3 speed manual. GREAT car, drove nice, rode nice, good in snow...loved it.

One detail you did not cover: how many units of this model did Pontiac sell?

I love the BOP unibody ‘Y’ bodies. The 215 Aluminum V8 the went the power Rovers for years. The Buick V6 that went on to power AMCs and then back to Buicks for years. The turbo Olds that didn’t go on to power anything and the Pontiac that you did a great job covering with its 4 cylinder which people preferred over the V8. GM really was on a roll in the early 1960s. I would love to collect all three, my favorite being the ‘62 Skylark hardtop.

They've always looked like such a grandma mobile. Love the plain jane '61 4drs. Tons of character!

When I was 16 my dad bought a 4 door, 3 speed stick, white, 1961 Tempest. I loved it immediately and he actually let me take it out a few times, which I immediately raced with my friend who had a 1961, 6 cylinder Ford Falcon. The Tempest just edged it out. It seemed to have a little more torque although the Falcon was quicker out of the hole. As mentioned in the movie "My Cousin Vinnie", the 1961 Tempest did indeed have independent rear suspension and a Positraction transaxle. It was nice and clean inside and had a decent looking body. It would get near 30 mpg if you kept your foot out of it. Would love to have that car today.

We had one of these amazing Tempests in our High School shop class in 1977!

I love your channel Adam.I am a petrol head from way back.I enjoy your content and thoroughness. Cheers mate from Eluethra, Bahamas.

In one magazine article that was published at the time of the car’s introduction, it was pointed out that the curve in the shaft matched the bow that you would get from gravity by supporting each end of the driveshaft on a sawhorse. So the two bearings didn’t impose the curve by force, but merely kept it in place inside the housing. And of course, the angle at which the engine and transaxle were mounted aligned with it.

I just appreciate that the trophy 4 was a cross flow engine. Something that couldn't be said for many other American inlines.

It is truly delightful to watch your videos as one notices that you actually know what your talking about!

Love this video. I have a 61 Tempest sedan that absolutely adore for its uniqueness and quirkiness. The engine does have some vibration issues, but overall nothing horrible. It also has pretty good ride quality for a car of that era with its 4-wheel independent suspension.

I owned a Corvair during the time when those Tempests were also around, and when working on it noted that its much shorter driveshaft passing through the differential to get to the gearbox just like the Tempest's did, was the same small diameter. Coincidentally two of my siblings had one each of the Pontiac Tempest and The Buick Skylark.

Excellent post. I really love the elegant, clean styling of the first Tempest. I'm a Ford and Mopar guy, but I'd love to buy a first generation Tempest wagon.

When automotive engineers colarorated and came up with ideas and solutions . Products of the War ! Great men and minds.👏

In my opinion, the 1960 Corvair was created as a direct competitor to the VW Beetle, whereas the 1961 GM compacts were direct competitors to Ramblers, which gained quite a bit of popularity in the late 1950s especially after the 1958 recession.

When I think of the 1961 Tempest, I instantly remember Marisa Tomei in the movie My Cousin Vinny.

Great story. On toque multiplication. Engine torque is multiplied by not only the torque converter but by the gear ratio of the transmission. A 3to1gear reduction equals a 3to1torque multiplication. So in the Tempest the drive shaft was always at a 1to1 torque ratio.

Just wish GM would have given these and the Corvair a park position. Parking brake would freeze in the winter because not having a park position, you had to use the parking brake to prevent the car from rolling away.

My father had a 62 tempest. Two door. Same color silver as the 4door you showed in the video. I have a picture of him standing next to it when he was a young man.

1) 0:10 1959 Pontiacs just stunning, and way ahead of their time. Almost as much as the 1957 Chryslers 2) I get the impression the huge, rough 3.2 liter half-a-V8 four, and the transaxle / rope driveshaft -- came more from GM engineers experimenting with available parts--i.e. the Corvair transaxle reversed, than an optimized solution to a problem. Especially given the 215 cu in (3.5 liter) Buick aluminum V8 was readily available and fit under the hood, and it wasn't clear GM had any complaints about drive tunnel height.

I first learned about this vehicle from Marissa Tomei.

I found this very interesting. My folks had Pontiacs in the 60’s and mom got the ‘62 Tempest station wagon in the divorce. I don’t recall the flattish floor but that car hauled me and her all over SE Wisconsin! By the time she traded it on a new Tempest T-37 in September 1970 (I was 9) that 62 was costing her a lot in various engine repairs. I just distinctly recall something with a clogged oil breather cap.

A man I worked for is married to the owner of a Buick GMC dealership and his wife owns a beautiful yellow Tempest convertible flawless in all aspects. I never had the opportunity to discuss the car at length, compared to his classic GMC trucks some being the V6 (which I owned one myself at one point), that he works for his construction company. My uncle had an F85 which had an aluminum engine, if I am not mistaken. Nice cars. Good video.

In 1962 the local Pontiac dealer donated a new Tempest to the high school for drivers ed. Quite a step up from the 1953 straight stick Chevy we were using

A lot of innovation from GM back then in these early compacts. Tempest, Corvair, turbocharged Olds F85 and Buick Special aluminum V8. The next Tempest generation was my favorite with the 230 CID overhead cam straight six. The Sprint version of the engine produced 205 HP. IMHO that engine was a lot cooler than the V8. The styling of that generation was sharp too.

Pontiac, RIP 😞 Owned 2 and loved them both ('67 Stratochief Safari and '72 LeMans). Great video thanks 🙂

Thank you for explaining this in detail. I’ve read one-sentence descriptions for years and finally know what a “rope driveshaft” is.

Hi Adam, Thank you for this wonderful video. If you could please make a video about the 1961 and 1962 Buick Special/Skylark and its wonderful all aluminum V-8 engine it would be great.

We had one of these. You should show the dash and the tiny flipper handle to shift the transmission. I guess it was a long cable to the rear.

My parents bought my sister a used '61 Tempest for her first car. It was slow-- 2-speed automatic transmission as I recall-- but actually drove quite smoothly once it got up to speed. It rode well due to independent suspension, but the rear swing axle meant that it had the same handling problems as the Corvair and the VW Beetle, though perhaps not quite as pronounced as the engine was in the front. But like the Corvair and the Beelte, the rear track got narrower-- and the center of gravity higher-- as the vehicle cornered. Not a problem when driven properly, but an inexperienced teenage driver going a little too fast was asking for trouble, and my sister found this out on a twisty road one afternoon. I was with her, along with another friend of mine. The car didn't go completely over-- the back end came around and she hit a dirt bank on the inside of the turn. That pushed the car over onto its side and it just stayed there. We were able to climb out the top window and push the car back over onto its wheels. Just scuffed up the sheet metal on the driver's side and bent an axle, and we drove the car home with a wobbly rear wheel.

Fascinating vid Adam. I’m constantly amazed at not just the high quality of your videos as far as the production goes, but moreover the creativity and amazing insight you provide viewers with each topic you explore. You taught me - a serious 60’s/70’s era Pontiac devotee - something I didn’t know and I can’t thank you enough. Keep up the good work!

I had one, liked it. Had dashboard flip lever for changing gears

I had no idea! I had never heard this before! Absolutely fascinating. I’m not an expert, but I would never imagined an American automobile, build manufacture, creating such a freakish drive train. Pretty cool, pretty amazing! fun trivia! Thank you! 5/8 inch diameter driveshaft! Jesus!

I did read an article about this car and its drivetrain in my German classic car magazine. Wtih your video I do know a little bit more. Thank you! Greetings from overseas - Martin

This is a great video. Start to finish. Thanks for the effort.

Another innovation of this car was it was assembled on the same production line as the full-size Pontiacs at the plant in Pontiac, Michigan. Lots of innovative tooling to accommodate two different wheelbase and tracks, etc. I got to tour the line in 1961 while in high school. My uncle who worked at Pontiac suffered a puncture of transmission pan in Canadian wild, plugged with bubble gum and made it to dealer. A friend had 63 with 326 V8, which was a de-bored 389. Fun on Woodward Avenue.

Our 64 Pontiac convertible GTO Was a head turner a great fun to drive around the southbay Redondo - Hermosa Beach

Fond memories of my dad's 62 Tempest LeMans. Went on my first dates in it. I loved that car!

My dad had a '62 automatic. I got to drive it during high school in the mid 80's. My friends loved that car, so big for a 'compact'! When my brother drove it, he would put his surfboard in the trunk, with it closed.

My folks bought a new Pontiac Bonneville 4 door hardtop Vista Dome flat top. It was gorgeous! When the tempest came out, it was cute, but way too small for us. By the time my sister and I were out of the house and my folks decided to downsize, they bought a Pontiac LeMans 2dr hardtop in 1972.

The father of a friend on mine who lived in LA back in the 70's was a GM engineer. One day he took us to the local dealer who was having trouble with an elderly woman's car making noise and no idea what they were looking at. It was up on the lift and it had the " rope driveshaft". It was the strangest thing I ever saw. His dad said take a look you'll probable never see an other one again ! he was right !

As A GM mechanic from the 80s. You never cease to amaze me with facts.

That four cylinder engine was good at destroying timing chains. My family owned two of these, a '61 and '62. The main culprit was the crankshaft which was compromised when the 389 crank was modified to be compatible with four cylinders. The crankshaft had poor torsional stiffness, it was a "banjo string"!. Every time a cylinder would fire, the flimsy crankshaft would whiplash the timing chain. I even tried a Cloyes Trueroller chain and even that didn't extend the life very much. The tiny drum brakes were a problem too, so I switched to metallic linings. Thanks for a great video.

Wow completely forgot out those cars. Thank You Adam... again for this. Great video and letting us remember these cars.

We had a 1961 Tempest with the aluminum V-8 and the automatic transaxle. It ran very smoothly and we drove it for many years. One really big problem- no PARK position. Our town of Sierra Madre, CA, was laid out on a slope. I had driven the car to my part-time job as a janitor in a church. I parked the car on the slope with the front wheel turned in, up against the curb, and the parking brake fully latched. I was inside, vacuuming, when I heard a very troubling sound. I knew it was the car, and I ran out, imaging that it was rolling backwards down to the main street of the town. What had happened was different. The car had rolled in a 3/4 circle, with the wheels still turned, until it was pointing to the 4:00 position, then it rolled up over the curb and sidewalk, stopping in a bed of ivy. Wow! I dodged the bullet with that one.

Wow that half of 8 4 cyl is surprisingly cool configuration

Again, an excellent presentation covering a technical development I knew nothing about. Fascinating and thank you.

Note: Pontiac redid the rear suspension arms to be closer to a tailing arm and reduce the camber change of the swing axles in 1963. It seemed to have helped but then in 1964 they went to the new live axle car. Just one more example of fixing it just to stop making it.

Engineers can do whatever they like to that engine, but as it is an in-line four, and given its size, those secondary vibrations are going to be a big problem. They would need a couple of balance shafts to handle that. Something that had not yet been invented. Revving the engine too high could probably disassemble it in a rapid fashion

Hello Adam, thanks for sharing this interesting & informative history lesson on the Pontiac Tempest!! 👍👍🙂

Just discovered the channel and am hooked. Have you ever done one on the Studebaker Avanti? I was fascinated as a teenager with the car, which if I recall correctly, was also a boldly experimental bunch of unusual technology for the time.

That Tempest was a great little car

I knew about the rope driveshaft but you are the first person I’ve heard explain why it could be so thin. Very interesting, and that torque converter on the back of the transaxle! As your pictures show, this car also had independent rear suspension which was rare at the time. But in all my 63 years I’d never heard of that slant 4 engine!

Another thing I learned is that by having a curve in the "rope" it didn't whip, if straight it would tend to whip like a jump rope or would have needed several more bearings or been much thicker. Engineering at it's best!. Also by connecting the engine solid to the tube and the tube being solid to the transmission, eliminated all but two front engine mounts and dampened the 4 cylinder shake. Talked to a former owner, he told me it was not uncommon to see the trophy 4 jump up and down as much as two inches at certain idle speeds especially since it couldn't twist much being connected to the trans so tight. Finally by cutting an eight in half the engine went down the same machining lines as the V8, line bore and all the cylinder machining and drill line for bolts, also the same with the head. Other than the crank and several peripheral parts it was quite cheap to build

The Tempest was a great little car when kept in good condition. It’s one of the first aluminum engine blocks was given to overheat damage quickly so it was very important to keep scheduled maintenance very up to snuff.

Thanks for the education! Very interesting stuff!

Good video - as always, thanks for the memories. I was 10 years old when a friend of my mother bought one of these (light green), trading in his '54 Chevy. I remember that the Tempest felt kind of futuristic, inside and out to me - I think it was the first compact car I had ever seen or ridden in.

When I was a kid in the 60s, my neighbors had one of these it was blue and it sat in the driveway and didn't move from there for 35 years! It looked funny cause of the rear suspension caused the wheels to camber in and it had flat tires , it disappeared one day in the late 80s, this was in Downey ca..

My first car in 1981 was a '62 two-door hardtop Pontiac Tempest Lemans - $500. Red on White, with that incredible, thick naugahyde upholstery mentioned below. Those deep, channeled seats were lipstick-red, just like the rest of the interior, it was a knockout to look at. The 1962 model had a pursed lip, chrome-edged fins, beveled fenders, that little 2-speed lever on the dash and socially incorrect red Indian dash light for the brights. It must have had the four-barrel on it, because those four cylinders drank like a proper Irishman. The engine vibration was just part of the experience. The weight of that iron engine was unkind to the front suspension, so the poor thing wallowed around like Aunt Myrtle in the kitchen. No problem with the drive train, boxed into its curving channel. By 1981 you couldn't buy replacement shocks - mine must have been original - so, i was cautious about the independent rear end. I sold it to a friend who wrecked it within a couple of months. But, I still have fond memories of that old girl.

Wow, that was so intriguing! My Dad had one of these, I think a 1962. I wonder if the innovative stuff was known to him. It was just his work commute car, replaced by a 1966 Tempest with the beautiful GTO styling.

I cant see any Pontiac Tempest with that body style without thinking of the car in the movie "My Cousin Vinny"😅😂🤣

My mom still has her Pontiac Tempest, well its in cubes along the fence line as a relative crashed it and totaled it and she had the scrap yard crush it into cubes, she also has the four cylinder (not crushed) the four barrel intake version.

Had one of these with the 4 banger ! Cute Red convertible. Was not fast, but rode pretty nice and was great for going to the lake in high school ! Sounded rather like a sewing machine going down the road as I recall. Had the thickest, most durable vinyl seats I have ever seen. In Wisconsin winters had to occasionally put a Sterno heater under the rear trans-axles so one side wouldn't freeze up and lock up one rear wheel. If it did, the car would make a nice 90 pivot, like a bobcat and end up sideways in the driveway ! Great memories,...neat little car !!

My grandma bought a new one in 61 when I was 10 . Used to sneak it out and go joy riding when I was 12, 13 years old.

Never knew about that drivetrain configuration.. as always, great video Adam!

I have owned three 1963 pontiac tempest lemans, including a new one in 1963. Great car! John DeLorean's idea. Rope drive shaft. First "wide-track" Pontiac. Even 50/50 weight distribution, front and back. Transaxle. Gear shift lever slung under dashboard. No transmission hump. Fast as greased hell. One of my cars was a "slant 4," quiet and smoothe. The rope drive shaft made a distinctive noise--a muted nyah, sound. My first car, I took it back to the dealer, and they said, that's what these cars do. I got used to it, and even learned to love it. The 1963 was a realy good looking car. In 1964, they went with a full-sized car again: I never looked back.

I owned that identical car in 1974. Same color, but faded by then. It was a good commuter. The two speed automatic transmission wasn't great for high speed but it was the time of the beginning of the 55 mph speed limit.

I owned a 1961 tempest in the early 70s. Drove it to college , up amicalola falls and everywhere. Had a great balance almost a 50/50 . Had corvair loved them and my tempest too!

Prior to the Tempest's intro, it was reported (by Popular Science, IIRC) that competitive corporate spies thought Pontiac was going to use torsion bar suspension, as they were stocking up with that alloy steel bar stock, LOL. In the early '60s as a young teenager, I worked at a local garage. One of these 4 cyl Tempests was towed in unable to start. I got to check it out, and discovered the timing chain had failed! I have since observed that the fewer cam lobes a chain or timing belt drives, the faster it seems to wear, probably due to the jerking forces the chain/belt endures, especially at low rpm. GM built some fascinating cars (Corvair Greenbriar, Rampside, Corsa, and Spyder, F85 Turbo, Toronado in the 60s.