The actual size of the universe could be around 150 sextillion times larger than the observable universe. That's like finding a light bulb on Pluto.

The temperature is proportional to the color and brightness. The hotter the star, the more it shifts to higher frequencies of light like white and blue, and the brighter it gets.

The more massive the star the faster it burns fuel because it has more gravitational pressure and thus fusing elements faster. Some of the earliest stars in the universe were very short lived because they were so massive that they just burned through fuel like crazy and died with extreme amounts of passion and thus created some way crazier stuff outside of helium. It’s pretty cool.

"What's Ceres?" Ceres is/was the biggest asteroid in the solar system; after the international community reclassified the definition of several celestial bodies (when they decided to open the category of "dwarf planet" and "downgrade" Pluto there), Ceres and other dozen massive asteroids were reclassified there. When this video was done, Ceres was still the biggest asteroid and a common reference about the size of things in our cosmic neighborhood. "Probes sent to Venus" Yep, you might reffer to the Venera the first (russian) space program; that tried to research Venus. Since the probes were sent to first discover the conditions on the planet, they weren't designed to what they found: a planet suffering of a super greenhouse effect due to a lot of volcanic activity; temperatures in the athmosphere are some of the most extreme in the solar system and the probe could only transmit for some moments before being fried. "Neptune is a beautiful looking planet" Indeed. In the matter of records, Neptune holds the strongest winds in the Solar System: on average they have been calculated around 1126 km/h, and maximum limits of 1931 km/h. Oh! And it's suspected that in this unstable planet you'd something like a rain of diamonds; the models consider that the chemicals that form Neptune (a gas planet) at some depth can break releasing enough carbon molecules, that would turn into diamonds due to the same presure :P. Then, as they get deeper to areas with more pressure and temperature, they'd be vaporized, float back up in the insides of the planet, cool down, form the original chemicals again and sink (once again) to start the whole diamond creation/destruction process again. "Proxima Centauri" Proxima Centauri is the closest star to our sun. Only in the category of "stars", not to be confused with "the closest exoplanet" or "the closest galaxy" to us. "Why stars are fo different colors and the sun is yellow?" Fun fact: the sun isn't yellow; in general it's white(ish). We have colored our sun yellow for generation because our atmosphere filters and refracts most of the light the sun produces except the red/orange/yellow tones; but if we saw it outside of earth, it wouldn't have any tonality. Stars do have an associated color, though, depending on their age, and it's kind of an indication of how the fusion processes inside them are going. In short, young "hot" stars have a color that goes from blue to white, teen "warm" stars go from white to orange (in this classification, our sun is between a white and yellow star, right somewhere along the middle of its life expectancy) and old "cold" stars go from orange to red (and are some of the most massive objects in the universe). As stars get older and run out of their natural fuel, they grow in size and change their color. "How different nebulas form?" Well, such beautiful and massive objects are a balance between disaster and gravity. Some nebulas formed after the death of stars (basically, when massive stars explode); the shape they form will only depend on the force of the blast, and the gravity that keeps the remanining elements togheter. And from those nebulas, elements mix to give birth to new stars and planets, starting thar process all over again. "What's Omega Centauri?" That's a globular cluster; for centuries thought to be a star, due to its brightness (in dark places, it's visible to the naked eye). But in reality, it's a stacked collection of 10 million stars orbiting around one point, not just one massive star. It's been proposed this cluster is what remains of a dwarf galaxy that collided and was swallowed by our galaxy: the Milky Way.

6:00 Being formed from a supernova is definitely a good educated guess and is indeed how some nebulae were formed, but there are of course different methods of formation other than this. For this particular Helix Nebula it is a planetary nebula which are formed from stars of 0.8 to 8 solar masses shedding most of their outer layers after expansion near the end of their life, and eventually reaches a point where its outer temperature is high enough to ionize the expelled gases with ultraviolet photons causing the glow of the nebula.

respect to the people that travelled out there to get the exact km measurements

The void has about 60 galaxies in it. Thats like finding only 60 I-phones in the entirety of the USA, meaning no trees, grass, mountains, pebles, cars, people, homes. Absolutely nothing except for 60 iphones.

Have you seen "time lapse of the entire universe" yet? It's truly breathtaking and gave me chills. I really think you'd enjoy it.

Bootes Void is a place in the universe that's supposed to have tons of galaxies in it but has only a couple

2 things that I think no one mentioned: Proxima B is the closest exoplanet. As far as I know, we haven't named planets outside of our solar system, so we name them "star+alphabet letter" starting with the B (the star would be considered the "A" component of the system). For instance, on Proxima Centauri we know Proxima B and Proxima C, althoug C is too far and not really to much interest on it. But that's probably your cofusion, specially since Proxima Centauri it's actually called "Alpha Centauri C", because it's a part of a 3-star system that also has an A and B. About stars, after this video we discovered a bigger star than UY Scuti called Stehpenson 2-18. If both were put in place of the sun, UY Scuti would engulf all planets and go a bit past Jupiter, while Stephenson would go all the way past Saturn.

Our Universe is an extremely beautiful, vast, terrifying, interesting, etc type of place.

I love how despite him being a teacher, his curiosity ushers him to want to learn more. I love Astronomy and find it infinitely interesting, as you can always find something new. Keep that learning mindset, even the wisest and smartest people alive have something new to learn.

UY Scuti is such a massive star but to put it in perspective on how big. UY Scuti is about 750 million miles or almost eight astronomical units. If the star were placed at the center of our solar system, it would extend far beyond the orbit of Jupiter, closer to the orbit of Saturn. It is absolutely nuts to think a star could be that freaking huge! You are correct the bigger the star is the quicker it burns through its fuel and the quicker it goes Nova like we are still waiting for Betelgeuse to go Nova. It literally can happen any day now

1:37 There were multiple probes sent to venus and they (after venera 7 who lasted 29 minutes only in freefall due to the immense storms and sulfuric acid rain) died in i think it was around the 50 to 60 minute marker (venera 9), they were russian probes and they were made specifically to be as sturdy as possible, they also took pictures of the service and captured multiple sound samples. The only reason they died so fast was due to the heavy storms of venus and the temperature being extremely high (it is extremely hot (820 degrees to nearly 900 degrees F or around 475 degrees Celsius being hot enough to melt lead), the air pressure is extremely high, there are very strong winds, sulfuric acid rain (at higher altitudes) and lightning storms driven by volcanic eruptions). Also funfact venera means venus in russian.

Ceres (the first object on the scale) is the largest known “asteroid” in our solar system. It’s technically classified as a dwarf planet and exists in a stable orbit between mars and Jupiter.

7:57 That's just a picture of the microwave background! From when the universe turned from opaque to transparent, gamma radiation was released. Over the eons, due to the expansion of the universe it has been redshifted into the microwave spectrum, it now corresponds to thermal radiation of an object that is 2,7 K hot. (or rather, cold)

The colour of stars depends on the surface temperature (and the star's movement speed in comparison to us (because of lightwave speed compression, or whatever it is called)).

To me the amazing part is when they switch to light years. Our closet star is Alpha Centari. And yes some nebula are formed by supernovas. Just imagine if alpha exploded, it's only 4 light years away. Pretty damn close

Absolutely love your videos!

Our sun is white but out atmosphere makes it look yellow and the white ones are observed white through our atmosphere as they pass through without abstraction

shit is scary as hell man. To think how small we are

Proxima Centauri is a Red Dwarf or M-type star, and yes, Proxima B is one of the planets that orbit that star, and it's in its habitable zone.

Vega is an F-type star, it is white because it has a higher temperature and luminosity than our sun, it even burns faster, so it has a shorter lifespan.

The more hotter the more brighter and the more it changes the colour of the wavelength

defenitely something I need to refresh my memory upon - iirc these are the steps when suns are dying - first they turn into a red giant and then shrink into a white dwarf - but it is at least a decade ago now that I learned that once - have to find my old books again ;/ mfg Olli

Omega Centauri is a globular cluster in the constellation of Centaurus that was first identified as a non-stellar object by Edmond Halley in 1677. Located at a distance of 17,090 light-years, it is the largest-known globular cluster in the Milky Way at a diameter of roughly 150 light-years. Sorry quick Google cause I also was like hmmm not seen that before. Yea there is many things you need to learn brother but liked and subscribed regardless

6:09 nebula is a place in the universe that stars are born in

I study Astronomy, the Omega Centauri that you saw is the largest globular cluster (a group of stars) that we have found in our Milky Way.

Best teacher ever

you should try watching the blackhole size comparison by Kurzgesat... i guess you would really love it

The expanding Universe was a explenation back then, because we cant explain why almost every Galaxy is moving away in such a high speed, expansion also explains why certain objects move with lightspeed wich is not possible otherwise. There is also a black hole called, the great attarctor, its quite big and seems to affect a lot of galaxys.

8:06 the universe doesn’t actually expand, it’s more like the “universe” is already infinite, but all the galaxies inside it are moving outwards and away from each other 👍 Eventually if humans survive long enough, people will grow up without knowing what a star is

Star color is based on temperature

Ceres is actually an asteroid in the asteroid belt also it is also a dwarf planet

stars are different colors based off of their heat output which is determined by the size.

I dated a girl who thought all cars ahead of you on the highway must be going faster than you, otherwise they'd be behind you. She also once asked how the wind can blow all day from one direction, and yet there's still air over there.

More Geography now ! Professor Michael

Arcturus is an Orange Giant Star located 37 light-years from our solar system in the constellation of Bootes.

Our Sun light is actually white (you can see that in pictures taken in Space), the Earth's Atmosphere filters out the blue hues, so we see it more yellow-is. At Sundawn/Dusk Sunlight has to go through more Atmosphere to reach your eyes, and even more blue is filtered out, hence it turns dark yellow, orange and red.

'Why are some of the stars white?' The Sun is actually white too, it just looks yellow/orange/red to us, because its light passes through our atmosphere. But it is actually emitting pure bright white light.

Answering the question about why the stars have different colors, if I remember correctly, its very dependent on the temperature they burn at, the cooler stars are towards the color red, and the hottest are blue

I think the more heat a star radiates the more it moves into the Blue Spectrum while passing through the Colors Red, Green and Blue (mostly all three at the same time) which would cause the stars to appear white, because all three "main colors" of the light Spectrum create combined white light

the portion of the universe that we can currently observe, is estimated to have a radius of about 46.6 billion light-years. This measurement takes into account the expansion of space over time.

When a star is blue, its because about the heat. There is an scale, where you can see, which temputere, shows which colors. And nice video! Really cool reaction! I love the universe bymself and its always amazing, when they discover new things in it! Like, unbelivable things :)

The giant white bright stars are also main secret stars but they are of a different spectral type for, instance, Sirius A star is an A0 or an A1 spectral type whereas Vega star is an A0V spectral type the different shades and colors of the stars just simply means that particular star is in a different stage of its life. Another example would be our sun. In about 5 billion years, the Sun is due to turn into a red giant. The core of the star will shrink, but its outer layers will expand out to the orbit of Mars, engulfing our planet in the process. If it's even still there.

a nebula forms when a ⭐️ goes supernova

In terms of star size you have dwarf stars, giant stars, supergiant stars and hyper giant stars. And then you have the phases, where you have, giant, supergiant and hyper giant sizes ontop of the predetermined class

Apparently Betelgeuse is near the end of it's life, and we would be able to see it go supernova.

Yes, larger stars are more massive meaning the cores are compressed more resulting in faster burning.

Just a quick post from my previous comment. I have an Video for you its called "Timelapse of the future" by melodysheep. Like the Name says it's about the future or in this matter about the future of our universe. It's pretty long with nearly 30min, but it's totaly worth the watch. It's full of Interviews and so much input, its fantastic to watch. His channel is full of like Space and Fantasy stuff.

I’m assuming you only know mid secondary school level physics so about the different colours of stars, different temperatures emit different wavelengths of light, you can look up the exact temperature to wavelength ratio but basically the hotter the star is the brighter it is and what colour it is, it roughly goes, black, red, orange, yellow, white, blue ( our sun is a yellow dwarf star with a surface temperature of 5500 degrees celcius, Rigel is a blue giant star with a surface temperature of 30,000 degrees celcius

I was so close to going to Hawaii, but I moved out before my mum had a Zonta convention there. But I studied in Australia to be a techer and enjoy life. If you plan to drive across Australia make sure that you drive the right way... It depends on if you are a morning person or an afternoon person.....

Just some stuff: The first planet named ceres is pronounced seiries, our sun is yellow hence the name yellow dwarf yet the light emitted is actually white, the white stars are named white giants because of their size, and the red stars like betelgeuse are named red giants, red super giants, and variable stars.

6:43 globular cluster, structure with stars merged and held together by gravity

The reason why stars can be different colors is because of the temperature, the hotter the star the more blue it is and a cooler star will appear more red

A, B, C etc are denominations for planets. The size of the black holes should worry you, because a star has a TINY FRACTION of the mass of a same-size black hole. These things rip holes into space-time, literally. There is a legitimate universe simulation tool where you can visualize so many amazing things from our universe. It's called *Space Engine.*

Actually, every star is white. The problem is that our eyes see it yellow because the atmosphere is changing the colors. That’s why the sky is blue and not black.

The sun is actually glowing white when you go to space

2:30 it’s theorised that the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs had a gravitational assist from Jupiter

I really love your videos

Ceres is one of the many dwarf planets in our solar system. It´s main call for fame is being larger than Pluto. One of the main reasons why we don´t call Pluto a plaet anymore as we would need to call Ceres a planet too, as we would need for a few others that are as large or nearly as large as pluto too.

Our star is actually white in colour, but it's accepted in society for it to be either yellow or orange in colour

I am surprised that the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall was not on that list that thing is massive and defies known thinking of structure

A Harry Evett video, Venus has crushing pressures, any space craft that lands...good for 10mn.

4:00 color depends on temperature, it’s like you melting metal it becomes red, then yellow then white, similar stuff

the bootes void is the largest void in the known universe but they are not entirely empty.

You should react to the universe size comparison in 3d it's got way more stuff in it

The color of a star depends on its temperature, if the star is yellow, then its temperature is most likely 500 degrees. and if white, then most likely tens of thousands of degrees

According to my knowledge stars doesn't burn fuel.

him; theres always a bigger fish. him again; theres the sun down below

One of the coolest yet most scary thing about the end of our universe isn't to me that the speed will reverse back into another big bang like a breath and then create a new big bacg... nor the speeding up for the planets, suns etc from their orgin of the big bang creating a void that makes any possible way of making contact or going to other planets impossible... it's the third one for me (I remember it being called "the giant rift") and basically it's that the speed of the 2nd one where the planets and suns goes further and further away from the origin of the big bang in such a speed after a while where it begins to affect the smaller particles down to an atom level and ripping everything apart... good to know is that the planets and suns would be ripped long before that -but the theory is interesting as F! :)

The Boötes Void(colloquially referred to as the Great Nothing) is an approximately spherical region of space found in the vicinity of the constellation Boötes, containing very few galaxies, hence its name. It is enormous, with a radius of 62 megaparsecs.

There can be stars of all different colors. The sun is actually white. It's just the ozone layer messing with your eyes and the extreme amounts of light, but stars can be all different types. The color can depend on how big it is or what kind is.

2:53 it is the closest star to us after the sun and this star is just is 4 light years away from earth!

As a star's temperature increases, as a result of there being more gas in the star - and hence more fuel to burn - it becomes hotter. Its colour changes from orange, through yellow, to white. The hottest stars are blue, with temperatures up to 40,000ºC.

Different Solar mechanisms burn different kinds of fuel. The brighter the shade, the more of that fuel it burns. Not all Solar bodies burn hydrogen. Some burn helium, etc. The larger the solar body, the quicker it burns through the fuel. What’s really interesting are Magnetars. Instead of the natural occurring neutron body being formed, they became excessively magnetic.

5:57 dying star throws away her layers of gas making those beautiful structures (there are some made by supernova explosions, but they look like circle around white dwarf)

Universe is scary but beautiful

note: proxima centauri (or alpha centauri C, doesn't matter,) is part of a binary system, and is the closest star (roughly 4 lightyears)

Ayyy so the universe keeps growing

When we were half a revolution backwards in the Milky way, dinosaurs were walking the earth.

ok so voids are not spaces where there is absolutely nothing. The contain galaxies as well. But the density of galaxies is very low. Basically if you zoom out enough, you can see the universe organize into strands of galaxy clusters called the cosmic web. Voids are the 'empty' spaces between. But it is not empty. it's just... emptier.

Also, no, just because the star is big does not mean it's at the end of its life. Different stars have different lifetime expectancy. Is some big stars like you are scooby are actually just babies and way way younger than the sun.

Ceres is one of the main dwarf planets as well as make-make, haumea, Eris, and Pluto

Problem is that you quickly lose your sense of scale because there is no reference material or background

Approximate light year calculation: Speed of light =186,000 miles per second. Seconds in a year = 31,536,000 186000 x 31536000 = 5,865,696,000,000 miles = approximately one light year.

Me late but anyway. The stars' colors are mainly defined by it's mass (dwarfs, big, giants), temperature (over 5 273 kelvins is considered a main star if,....→) material (is hydrogen, Helium,...), and by it's age (a dwarf can die or born, or a giant can explode and become a dwarf or a black hole with a supernova explosion). And so.

Cool, Michael! Yes, the bigger stars burn out faster.

Response to your question @3:40: Our sun is not yellow, it is white. Most humans think that the sun is yellow because that is how it appears in the horizon during rise and set when it is safer to look at. It is otherwise white. If you think about it for a moment, you might realize that we should necesarily have evolved to only be able to see a subset of colors that the sun emits. All colors of light humans can see together make white. This means the sun must necessarily appear white to us as the colors it emits that we have not evolved to see are not visible to us.

Even if the universe keeps expanding and growing, its dying from the centre outwards. All suns and systems run out of fuel to persevere eventually

And our sun is actually rainbow, but we can only see orange, yellow and white because they are the strongest and other colors go on the other side

Studies show we would be more protected if the big boi Jupiter wasn't there

Yeah, everything changes yearly. A star that was the biggest ever seen not too long ago, isn't even on the top 10 biggest stars list anymore lol

Death is the ultimate insult to intelligent life.

The colors depend on the heat if it is i think 1000-1700 something like that its yellow higher its white, blue etc

A white dwarf is when a star explodes

There's 3 theory (at least that I know of) about how our universe might end up : the Big Crunch, the Big Rip and the Big Freeze. The Big Crunch is the one about how the universe will one day suddenly collapse on itself, like a reverse Big Bang. Though, like you said, it is becoming less and less believed given the observations made about how the universe is constantly expanding faster. The Big Rip is the one where the expansion of the universe will reach a point where everything within it will be ripped apart on an atomic level because the forces at play are simply stretched thin. The Big Freeze is about how the universe will one day run out of heat and thus, everything will freeze in it which is what, I think, is currently believed is happening. Either way, it's gonna suck for those who are alive when it happens : either you suddenly get compressed back into an uniform mass with everything else in a moment or you end up being ripped apart on a scale that means you'd die in utter confusion of what's happening or you'd survive a slow, long process through which you end up freezing gradually until there's no heat left for motion and everything becomes a standstill. At least the Big Crunch would mean another universe would be born of it... the other two, not so much.

A nebula is a giant cloud of dust and gas in space. Some nebulae (more than one nebula) come from the gas and dust thrown out by the explosion of a dying star, such as a supernova. Other nebulae are regions where new stars are beginning to form.

Ceres is the smallest dwarf planet, located in the asteroid belt 3:35 it is because of temperature, because if you have a candle ant light it, it gets blue on the bottom(if no chemistry is used)

If I'm not mistaken a nebula is just a giant cloud of gas and dust which occurs after a star goes super nova and explodes.