In Finnish the stress is always on the first syllable, and you didn't adhere to that. But useful video.

Thank you so much for sharing! I believe another commenter said that the Balto-Slavic ablative was absorbed into the Genitive, which makes sense... Maybe a major factor of case loss (without any phonological havoc) is having a case that can absorb so many other functions, like an ablative or dative case... However, German still has a functioning case system even though cases like the instrumental and ablative were absorbed into the dative, so I guess the theory doesn't quite hold up... Thanks for the information! I knew that a big factor in the loss of case endings in the Romance languages was sound change, but I didn't know that the ablative case was such a large part of it too! Thanks for the comment, and thanks for watching!

​@@ParchmentLore In dialectal Lithuanian (a Baltic language), you could say "Mėnuo saulužės atsiskyrė" which means "The moon separated from the Sun". Here the genitive of "saulužė" (little Sun, diminutive of "saulė", the Sun), "saulužės" is used which clearly has the function of the ablative. Also, no preposition is used here.

That's really interesting! Thanks for sharing! I feel like I read somewhere that Lithuanian is one of the most conservative IE languages, which I thought was interesting! Also, that could be completely wrong, but I feel like I read it someplace... That's cool that the genitive took over that clearly ablative function (without a preposition, too! But I guess that's to be expected if it originated from a genitive construction that didn't have a preposition anyway)! Thanks for the comment! I appreciate it! I love learning stuff like that about different languages!

Wow! Thank you so much! That means a lot! I'm always excited to make content about conlanging or other language-related stuff, so it means a lot that you got some value out of it! Thanks for the comment, and thanks for watching!

indeed

Wow! That's certainly a feat to learn Hungarian! I definitely think that language is a great example of the sheer variety of grammatical cases a language can have (and as you said how there's certainly a gradient between cases and adpositions, especially spatial ones)! I also think it's interesting how Latin uses the Ablative/Accusative + prepositions to convey a more nuanced meaning! It's kind of hard as a native English speaker to imagine how that interplay between cases/adpositions happens naturally, but I think I kind of get it... Thanks for the comment and thanks for watching!

​@@ParchmentLore I didn't actually get all that far with Hungarian. I went to Budapest for a math study abroad program in college, and was in a language class for the 6 or so months I was there. I've forgotten most of the actual vocabulary by now, but still, it was a really interesting experience.

Wow! Sounds like it! That sounds really cool experience! All that matters it that you have the story! :)

Wow! I actually didn't know Polish had noun cases! Today I learned! I would have thought if a language had 7 cases at least one of them would be the Ablative! I guess probably prepositions, the Locative case, or the Genitive case would absorb its functions... I might have to do some research on the language! Thanks for the comment, and thanks for watching!

​@@ParchmentLore Nearly all Slavic languages have noun cases: - Bulgarian and Macedonian only have the nominative and vocative. Often, the vocative isn't counted as a separate case, but as a "form". - Russian has the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental and prepositional, although various other minor cases exist, like the vocative, partitive, caritive and locative, each only existing for a handful of nouns. - Slovene and Belorussian have the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental and locative. - Sorbian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Serbo-Croatian and Ukrainian have the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental, locative and vocative. They don't have an ablative case because in the development of Proto-Balto-Slavic, the Proto-Indo-European genitive and ablative merged.

​​@@ParchmentLore Every slavic language has between 6 and 7 cases except for Bulgarian, Macedonian and the Torlak dialects of Serbo-Croatian which are part of the South Slavic dialect continuum so they're influenced by both standard Serbo-Croatian/Shtokavian and Bulgarian and so Torlakian dialects have around 1 to 3 cases usually, more than Bulgarian, but less than any other Slavic language.

@@madmasseur6422 How interesting! I didn't know that there was such a variety in the number of case endings in the Slavic languages! Thanks for sharing!

@@ParchmentLore Always :) but as far aa I'm aware they're the only ones who have such a drastic drop in cases. All the other Slavic languages have around 7, even slavic langauges that are spoken in countries which use languages without cases

Thank you so much! That's a great suggestion! I will definitely add it to my recording plan! (I'm currently planning some Old English content for the immediate future, but I hope to go back to conlanging stuff here in a little bit) I love those kinds of ideas because it lets me research for my own constructed languages! I really like obscure cases like the Temporal and Perlative, so I'm excited to delve deep into that kind of grammar...Thanks for the comment! Thanks for watching!

Wow! Thank you so much for sharing and taking the time to write this out! This is awesome! I really appreciate this! I know nothing about Maori, so it's really cool to see how the language functions! Everything about the word "i" is really interesting! First, that's neat to see that it functions as sort of a partitive/direct object marker! I know that a lot of times words like "to" become accusative cases (to mark the direct object), but I've never really thought about words like "from" evolving into the same function! So I guess the distinction between the three sentences is: Ka inu au i te wai (There is a predefined set of water and it is being directly affected by the drinking since that would be a physical action that deletes it's supply... You are literally taking "from" the water...) Ka hiahia au ki te wai ("i" is not used because there is no effect on the water whether someone wishes for it or not, so nothing is done to the water...) Ka inu wai au (This is like Nahuatl noun incorporation where the focus is on the verb "inu" instead of the object of the verb? So like "I waterdrink" or "I sleepwalk"? Therefore "i" wouldn't be used since the focus isn't on the direct object?) All of this is super interesting so far! "Atu" seems similar to the Latin "ab" meaning "away from", but I guess the Maori word doesn't have that "from" connotation... I can definitely see the connection between ""I go out to the house" and "I go away to the house"! That's also interesting that the "ake/iho...i" constructions are similar to the Latin Ablative of Comparison! So something like "Hone is tall up from Ngaio" or "Ngaio is short down from Hone"? That's interesting how in Maori the prepositions "upwards/downwards" are added in that construction when in Latin the Ablative alone suffices! I wonder if those words had some sort of emphatic meaning that was eroded until they were required in that construction? Also, I find it cool how "i" is used as a past locative! I don't know of many languages that make the distinction between a past/present locative! Super interesting! I wonder how that came about! I guess its use as a past tense marker is similar to the French "venir de"! So something like "Wiremu (is) from walking" becomes "Wiremu walked"... All if this is incredibly interesting! Thank you so much again for sharing! This inspires me to learn more about Maori! I feel like I can already speak the language lol! :)

@ParchmentLore Thank you for the reply and I'm glad you read through it, if you have any more questions I'd be happy to answer! There's one more use of "i" that I forgot to include, and this is with a class of verbs called stative verbs, which have a rough equivalent to "to be ADJ", like "pakaru" on its own means "to be broken", as in the sentence "i pakaru te matapihi" (the window broke/the window was broken", but if you say "i pakaru te matapihi i a Hone", its best translation is "Hone broke the window", but would literally be more like "the window broke from Hone" In a similar vein, "i" can be used in some cases to mean "because (of)" Your analysis of the noun incorporation is spot on! To address your point about past locatives, this is part of a different system of tense being a core part of expressions of location and possession, as usually there aren't any lexical verbs in sentences like this. So like, "I Amerika rātou" is "they were in America", however you can change this to "Kei Amerika rātou" (they are in America", and "Hei Amerika rātou" (they will be in America) Also similarly to "i" being used for verb tense, "kei te" can be used for present continuous statements "kei te hīkoi ia" (3S* is walking). "Kei" by itself before a verb has a kind of different meaning, similar to the archaic "lest", like "kei mate tātou" (we shall not die), or in a longer sentence like "kāti te pēnā kei mate koe" (stop doing that or you will die)... as an aside I honestly don't know the exact connection between these uses of kei, it may just be coincidence that they phonetically merged, or maybe one meaning derived from the other, or kei used to mean something entirely different, I'm not sure. *ia is the only 3rd person singular pronoun so it can take on the meaning of "he", "she" or singular "they" Similar to "kei te V" there is also "i te V", which is a past continuous, e.g. "I te hīkoi ia" = 3S was walking "Hei" is not used for future tense like this however it can be used in a sense of "as a...", or "for...", such as "hei tauira" being "for example", or "hei tamaiti" (as a child)

Wow! This us all super interesting! Thank you so much! I guess the "i a Hone" part of "i pakaru te matapihi i a Hone" is kind of like the Ablative of Cause? That's interesting how the tense system works with prepositions! I definitely want to look more into that! I guess it makes sense that if there isn't a copula in that situation, different prepositions might fill in that role! I actually have no guess as to how "kei" could evolve into all of those uses! I mean, I bet at least some of the functions are related to each other, but maybe phonological change just rendered two different words to sound the same... Thanks again for all of your help! This is all great inspiration! Well, I definitely know who to ask if I have any questions about Maori! :)

Ha! Sounds like you're speaking from experience lol! Same process with me! Through researching this video I feel like the Ablative case is the easiest Latin case for me now (except probably the Nominative of course)! Thanks for the comment, and thanks for watching!

Ha! Thank you so much! I appreciate that! This video took me, like, weeks to make, so I definitely need to figure out how to streamline the process before I pick up another one like this! I love conlangs and conlanging, so I'll definitely be making more content about them in the future! I'm glad the video helped! I certainly learned a lot from doing the research for it... Thanks for watching!

Wow, thank you so much! I really appreciate your comment! :D Oh, for sure! When I was picking up the basics of Latin it was pretty frustrating to not know everything about the Ablative! Like, ok, Accusative is for direct objects, some prepositions, + time expressions, some exclamations, got it! Vocative is for direct address, got it! But by the time the Ablative gets discussed they kind of hand-wave any sort of straightforward explanation! It's like getting 99% completion in a video game with no way to move forward lol... This was my first real "video video", so I really appreciate having the point of view of a viewer so I can improve! From now on I think I'll have more a bit more info per slide and just keep it up longer! Also, don't want to bore you with the technical stuff, but the way I made the video was soooo inefficient and made it super hard to change the timings! Luckily, I learned from another KZfaqr how to do it a lot better (shoutout to karlpoppins who also did an awesome conlang showcase not too long ago)! I really appreciate you taking the time to let me know! When I'm editing and staring at the video for hours, it's kind of hard to look at it from the point of view of someone who doesn't have all the information I'm presenting lol! Thank you so much! :)

Thanks for the suggestion! I'm working through my video suggestions as part of a new series, so I'll definitely be sure to add more videos about grammatical cases! I'm really glad the video was helpful for your conlang! I learned a lot from the research for this episode, although now I'm afraid I'll put the Ablative case into all of my conlangs now, lol! Thanks for the comment, and thanks for watching!

Ha! It definitely took a lot of research for me to wrap my head around it too! (I pretty much had to look at it from the linguistics side after the "yeah, this case does a lot of different things" information I got from learning Latin!) Thanks for watching!

Thanks for the support! I appreciate the stamp of approval from a fellow Latin enthusiast! Thanks for watching!

Thank you! I'll add that to my video ideas list! I'll see how many I can get done before KZfaq isn't a thing anymore lol (assuming you mean a video per case, if not then I think that's a wonderful idea too: A Summary of All Grammatical Cases in 20 Minutes...)! I learned a whole lot about the Ablative case through this video, so I'm definitely up for making a series talking about different grammatical cases! As I said in another comment, this video took a few weeks to make, but I think I've found a way to streamline the process so it'll go faster! Hopefully the video helped you with a conlang/language-learning! Thanks for the suggestion, and thanks for watching!

Thank you so much for sharing! That's some conlang inspiration! I don't know much about German, but I know in Old English the Dative absorbed a lot of the functions of the historical Ablative too (from what you said Old English is the same as German in terms of the use of Accusative/Dative with prepositions)! Similarly, the Old English "mid" (with) is used with the Dative, but I'm not sure if it means "by means of".... Yeah, exceptions are the bane of the language learner/linguist lol! Thanks again for the comment, and thanks for watching! :)

@@ParchmentLore Further fun fact, since you used that word: bane is cognate to the -fend- in defendere

Oh, that's super interesting! I guess by extension "offend", "offense", and "defense", too! I couldn't find any other recognizable cognates in the Germanic languages, but that's interesting! I often forget that there's a lot of cognates between the Germanic and Romance languages with an alternating "b" and "f" like "bear" and "ferre" (which as you know is due to the voiced aspirated consonants of PIE evolving differently between the two)... Thanks for that! I now have a new etymology I can show off!

@@ParchmentLore Actually, German "Bahn" as in railroad are also part of that. The semantic evolution goeth thusly: place where you hit people = battlefield, battlefield = open space, open space = easily traversable = way, iron way (Eisenbahn) = railroad.

Thank you so much! This video actually took me a few weeks to make, so I really appreciate the support! It took wayyyy longer than it should have, but I sure learned a lot about the Ablative case! Thanks for watching!

Thank you so much! Even though I know the the technicalities of how it's supposed to be pronounced, sometimes I can't get a good take of saying a whole sentence without issue lol... I'm glad you thought it was great! Thanks for the comment, I appreciate it! Thanks for watching!

Thank you so much for subscribing! I really appreciate the support! I definitely try to keep kind of a cohesive art style, but I'm hoping to make things more interesting in subsequent videos! I'm not a super technical person, so I apologize if I misunderstood, but are you talking about the thumbnail looking sort of 3D through the blurry/fuzziness in the middle? One possibility is that I added a lot of effects to the text in Photoshop (and dodged the background behind the text to make it stand out more), and didn't add as many effects to the arrows... Maybe that's the cause for the fuzzy-3D look in the blurrier region but a more 2d look in the outskirts of the picture? I don't think I compressed the image any more than usual, but like I said I'm certainly no digital art genius lol! I'm more suited for conlangs and linguistics! I feel like I kind of get what you mean, but I've stared at that thing for too long when I was making it and now it's kind of hard to look at it from a different point of view! However, I just checked, and I will say it does look different on mobile... I think I see what you mean! If you had any more questions I'd definitely be happy to answer them! Thanks for the comment, and thanks for watching!

@@ParchmentLore Farrell McGuire recently did a "Decoding the Origins of the Backrooms Photo" which covered a bit about the effects of layered compression to lossy image formats, if you're curious. The shrinking of the thumbnail by youtube is a layer of compressive transformation, but as that is unrelated, yeah, you understood the whole, "Does anybody else see this in 3D," concept. When I read ablative cases, naturally, I thought of Latin. While typing 3D-bit of the first comment, I had to head back to the top of the page the moment I heard an, "[A]b urbe." Duo Lingo could go for some the Latin section fleshed out, especially for the vocal component. I think I've moved a couple of your videos to my Watch Later list, which makes you one of the fastest to go from, "Never heard of," to SUBSCRIBE!

Wow! That's an honor! Thank you so much! I definitely want to rework some of my older videos, but hey, if you get any use out of them that'd be great! I'll check that Backrooms video out, that sounds interesting! When I thought about researching for this video, I actually thought I'd only be going into Latin (which is why, as you can probably tell, there's a decent discrepancy in the amount of info of Latin vs. other languages lol)... I was pretty surprised at the amount of uses of the Ablative case when you look at other languages! Anyways, I appreciate you subscribing! Have a nice day!

Thank you so much, that means a lot! Those are definitely the qualities I'm trying to aim for with this channel! I'm really glad you enjoyed the video! Thanks for the support, and thanks for watching!

That means a lot! Thank you so much! When I have a million subs, I'll remember this comment lol... Thanks for the inspiration! Made my day!

Thank you! I really appreciate that! I agree that the Ablative has to be the most difficult noun case! It has so many meanings lol! I'm excited to make more videos like this! Thanks for the support, and thanks for watching!

I love case systems, too! Do you have any interesting cases? I mean, out of 14 there's got to be a more unique one! I agree that the collapse of the Latin case system is a pity! Although, as a Spanish learner, I wouldn't wish anything different! The hundreds of verb conjugations are enough! Thanks for the inspiration! I'll look at doing a video on aspect! I didn't know that the "momentane" aspect was even a thing! I'm more of a meat and potatoes conlanger... For me a "habitual" or "inchoative" is on the adventurous side... I agree that naturalism is the current hip genre for better or worse! Good for you for letting creativity win out (I wish I was that adventurous)! :) Thanks for the comment, and thanks for watching!

@@ParchmentLore I think only one of my cases is unusual although probably not unheard of. In my conlang, I became interested in maximal positional freedom, so I have a case marker for complements/predicates. If I were to say "a dog is an animal" the word for "animal" carries a complement case marker. Similarly, in the sentence, "The dog was named flower by his owner." I put the word "flower" into the complement case. As far as I know, natural languages do not do this, so my conlang is not very natural. BTW, I am working through all your other videos.

Thanks for the comment! Where you looking for a "___ for Conlangers" video, or a more in-depth video about grammatical cases in Finnish/Hungarian? I really appreciate the suggestion! Thanks for watching! :)

Where is it going?!??!?! All these questions and MORE will be answered in TODAY'S video!!!! :)

Awesome! I wanted to delve into the uses of the case in Albanian (and a little bit more in Turkish), but I was running out of time and I felt that they had most of the same uses as in Latin/Finnish... Are there any interesting ways the Ablative case is used in Albanian? I'm not familiar with the language! Thanks for the comment, and thanks for watching!

@@ParchmentLore Albanian generally uses the Dative form of a noun and the preposition "prej" (meaning from), like, qyteti (city): qyteti (nominative) qytetit (dative) prej qytetit (ablative) Nothing I can tell that's truly unique about Albanian ablative.

​@@dionnix Ah, I see! Well, that's interesting! Thanks for sharing! From some basic research I guess it's basically identical to the Dative except for when the noun is in the indefinite plural, so it makes sense that it might need some backup from a preposition like "prej" in order to not be too ambiguous I guess! Thanks for the conlang inspiration, and thanks for the comment!

I've never heard of her before this comment, but I can totally see the resemblance now! We both have that energetic, enunciating "Newscaster/Podcaster" voice lol! I appreciate the comparison! Thanks for the comment, and thanks for watching!

Thank you! I tried listen with the speed 0.75, but it feels too overly stressed, then. Please leave in natural breathing pauses. It makes it easier to "digest".

Thank you! Slower, and with natural breathing pauses, please!

@@mariiris1403 Those examples just rush by without any time to take them in or understand. It makes the whole video performative and that's not something I waste my time on.

@@blechtic Yes, I agree.