Actually the Nestorians and Monophysites had a temporary revival under early Islamic rule due to their persecution by the Byzantines. Paying the Jizya was for its time a relief from persecution and the Nestorians were even allowed to prosletyze freely-as long as it was towards Non Muslims, hence their expansion to the Far East. They only nearly died out during the Middle Ages after lots of wars, invasions and a decline in the tolerance of Muslims to other religions. The Nestorians are still present in Kurdistan and Kerala, South India, and the Monophysites are present as minorities in Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea, the Levant and Syria, as well as in South India.

Byzantine Emperor Zeno the Isaurian finds himself tossing and turning, unable to sleep. His mind is troubled by a great mystery the answer to which has alluded him despite the consul of all his advisers and the input of all the learned men in Constantinople. In his restless fussing he wakes his wife. She asks what's troubling him. He replies despondently, "You know." She becomes annoyed upon learning the cause behind the interruption and they begin to argue about it in the circular, futile, comfortable fashion of a happily married couple so familiar with each other they no longer keep up the pretense of enjoying each other's company. Frustrated she goads the emperor, "Well, you want to know so bad - why don't you just ask him?" Taken aback but nonetheless resolute, Zeno has little time to process the dare before he's half dressed and out the door. He skulks out of the palace and through the dark, deserted streets of Constantinople, wandering steady through alleys and sidepaths for some ways, he eventually arrives at his destination in a haze from the lack of sleep and the atmosphere of the empty city. The emperor sees him, perched high on a pillar placed in the middle of a courtyard, he hesitates at first but Zeno finally works up the nerve and shouts for the man's attention. Surprised, the man on the pillar - Daniel the Stylite - acknowledges Zeno reluctantly as from his vantage point he can see only feint outlines of a person. Zeno - now with gusto - asks - no - DEMANDS to know and Daniel the Stylite - now amused, his reluctance having receded - provides the Emperor with the answer to the riddle that has wracked his mind for weeks and rendered him unable to find comfort or rest. Zeno - in the throes of catharsis - begins the trek back to the palace without saying a word. The return trip is more of a blur than the departure, Zeno's sheer euphoria carrying him when his tired legs could not. He slinks back through the palace, quietly enters the door to his bed chamber and collapses on the bed. His wife, nonplussed, turns to Zeno and says expectantly "So...?" A contented Zeno, eyes closed and the faintest smile on his face replies, "He uses a bucket."

Great lecture, thank you for your time and effort.

I was on a train once in India when about 25 stark naked men covered in ash and all holding a 5tf spear called a trishula on to the train and were just walking up and down. No one ever askes to see their tickets.

Origen did not translated the Hebrew Bible into the Septuagint, he made a compilation of the Hebrew text and various translations including some version of the Septuagint, known as Hexapla.

Your question is marveolus as always. I do not really understand why you do not have more subs. If you become famous I was here from the start!

Too often I've heard how important it is to understand the particulars regarding each Christian sect's views about the nature of Christ or whatever. Survey courses on late antiquity or early middle ages will dedicate multiple lectures to just that. I've never been convinced it was necessary in that context.

Who could possibly intervene between Alexandria, Antioch, and Constantinople? Why, Jerusalem of c- *ROME*

A minor correction : the current Church of the Holy Sepulchre is not the Constantinian basilica, as stated at 7:30, but a Crusader cathedral consecrated in 1149 on the site of the old church, which had been destroyed by Caliph Al-Hakim in 1009 and only partly rebuilt after a deal with the Byzantines in 1048. On the contrary, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem still has its Constantinian floor, and the walls and wooden beams above the colums date back to Justinian. Plus there were very few Western bishops at Nicea. Pope Sylvester got represented by Hosius of Cordova, who probably spoke Greek.

16:00 please somebody tell me the name of the text 😭

When it comes to Arius, according to the book, "When Jesus became God" by Richard Rubenstein, it actually wasn't a "majority" who thought Jesus was God during his time, but it suggests that Arius would have been considered a "conservative" Christian by many people, for believing Jesus was the literal son of God, and not some "metaphysical part" of God. Arius accused the Trinitarians of polytheism for saying Jesus was made of the same essence or substance as God, so they answered back by saying "then Jesus must be a part of/is God". So it began as a "divine substance debate", which evolved into the idea that Jesus had to be God if he was of the same substance, which came from a specific interpretation of scripture (which another group of Arians opposed, known as Homoian party, who said the whole debate regarding "substances" was "unscriptural" and had no baring on the debate, however they were a minority group and so largely ignored by the other debating parties). But ultimately, though we're lead to believe the two councils Nicea were "conclusive", there was no real consensus of the bishops, the church was split, so the only thing that brought the doctrine into official orthodoxy was military might and persecution by the Roman emperors (in accordance to whatever side they took at the time, which in the end, resulted in the Trinity being made "law" and Arianism illegal by death). So, many (at least half) bishops ended up signing the creed reluctantly against their will, as opposed to all the church having some clean and settled theological agreement. But the idea of "all Christians thought Jesus was God since the beginning until Arius", isn't really a true statement when looking into the real history. But it's what church tradition would want people to believe. "History is often told by the victors" as they say.

They sold the Stylites's waste products as holy relics. Srsly.

They still do that sort of thing in India to this day. Normally they have a sort of apprentice that sorts out the Shit issue at night and collects the money or the food in the day time.i have seen it with my own eyes.

But wasn’t Latin dominant in that period in the east?

There's a book about a lot of this called Jesus Wars. A good run down of many 'heresies' can be found in a good biography of Augustine. It seems he spent his later life fighting all kinds of 'heresies'. The book "AD 381" by Charles Freeman is a good read too.

It's considered a bad thing that a debate on the nature of Christ doesn't include pagan philosophy? Really?

Eating my breakfast and hear "period rag"...lmfao

I believe the list of the canon came at the council of carthage in 397

Wasn't Alexandria founded by Alexander the great

24:19: the stylites were actually so holy that they didn't produce waste products.

There is a lot of evidence that Origen was no where near unique in believing in Universal Salvation.. but enemies of that message keep using how Origen was deemed a Heretic in others issue against it. The fact is none of the 3rd, or 4th century critics of Origen mentioned that as being one their problems. Fortunately Gregory of Nyssa was never declared a Heretic. What I read abut the Bishop of Antioch at Nicaea was that he strongly opposed Arius and blamed Arianism on Origen.

Albino u miss me

Moniphisitism is survived as well. Armenian church is monothisitics today

Athanasias was not a good politician either, he kept getting exiled. I'm glad we have at least one major Alexandrian Church Writer who wasn't tainted by Greek Philosophy, instead he's more like an Alexandrian in his style. You make a lot of mistakes on Nicaea, it wasn't about Homousias vs Homousias till after the council really. The issue was Arius saying Jesus was a created being, that's a distinction that should have been easy to explain to Latin speakers. Constantine gets accused of siding with the Arian alter simply for persecuting them. Cosntantius II deserved his bad rep as he began Christian persecution of Judaism. Constans the first was a Homosexual and firmly anti Arian. Arius was no doubt present during the council just didn't have an official vote in it. The Council of Constanople was actually a compromise with Semi-Arianism. The revision of the Nicene Creed add "before all ages" to the statement that Jesus was begotten actually endorsing the ways Semi-Arians tried to make Arianism compatible with the Nicene Creed, The Bible teaches that Jesus was Begotten in the Womb of Mary but existed Eternally. It's Canon condemned Homoiusion forms of Arian but explicitly condoned the council that was the basis of the Arianism the barbarians followed. The Mipahysites also still survive today, the Ethiopian and Nubian and Armenian Churches.

The oriental churches (Coptic and Ethiopian) continue to reject the Chalcedonian formula but also reject the term "Monophysite" which they believe confounds the humanity and divinity of Christ. They prefer the term "Miaphysite".

Western province is more like it ...

I'm n0t a CHRISTIAN

Woe to the monk that judges t their spiritual progress on morning erections... Fail

The many horrible mis-pronunciations make listening to this video extremely burdensome.