The English Armada (1589) - Anything you (Spanish) can do, we can do... worse?

Рет қаралды 108,018

4 ай бұрын

Today we take a look at the English Armada, in which the Elizabethan Navy attempts a counter attack, succeeds where the Spanish failed in landing troops on enemy soil, didn't lose any naval battles, and still managed to lose the vast majority of their men whilst accomplishing almost nothing. Mostly thanks to a class based rank structure...
Sources:
www.amazon.co.uk/English-Arma...
www.amazon.co.uk/Expedition-F...
www.amazon.co.uk/English-Arma...
Naval History books, use code 'DRACH' for 25% off - www.usni.org/press/books?f%5B...
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'Legionnaire' by Scott Buckley - released under CC-BY 4.0. www.scottbuckley.com.au

Пікірлер: 373

@Drachinifel 3 ай бұрын

Pinned post for Q&A :)

@upthebracket26 3 ай бұрын

I've been on the replica of Drakes Golden Hind ship. It is tiny. Was the real Golden Hind really that small?

@bkjeong4302 3 ай бұрын

During the Battle off Samar, the traditional narrative involved that Kongo was the only Japanese capital ship that did anything as a result of almost all hits made on Taffy 3 being (mis)credited to her, even though Kongo’s logs show that she couldn’t have been responsible for most of these hits because she hadn’t been firing any salvoes at any American ships when these hits occurred. Regardless of which vessel(s) actually were responsible for the damage done to Taffy 3 (which is another discussion entirely), just how much of the Kongo-class’s supposed value is the result of the nameship being falsely credited for damage that she never actually accomplished?

@martinmarheinecke7677 3 ай бұрын

@@bkjeong4302If it is not certain what the Golden Hinde really looked like, her size can be determined fairly well. Yes, and she was tiny: 150 tons burden, with twelve demi-culverines (9-pounder guns) on the lower deck and six smaller ones on the upper deck. A comparison with other ships of this era shows that Drake's small galleon had a hull length of about 80 feet, breadth of about 23 feet, and a draft of 13 feet when deeply laden. Displacement about 300 long tons.

@themanformerlyknownascomme777 3 ай бұрын

I was recently reading some alternate history discussions and saw this interesting proposition: Japan’s best move for WW2 would have been to sit the whole thing out, the logic behind it being that Japan already had the Korean Peninsula and thus had more mineral resources than they could possibly know what to do with, the only thing Japan had to do in this scenario was sit back and wait for offshore drilling tech to catch up (or for the 1951 discovery of oil in Daqing at the very least) and their fuel problems would disappear like magic. Do you agree with this take? Just how aware were the Japanese of the resources in Korea/the rest of their mainland holdings?

@brendonbewersdorf986 3 ай бұрын

Given the magnitude of the situation why didn't the Spanish have any ships harass the English armada as it moved around? It seems a bit odd that with this massive English fleet the Spanish navy didn't try to do anything at all aside from sending a couple galleys at the end

@cartmann94 3 ай бұрын

Spanish Armada of 1588: Sink Hard English Armada of 1589: Sink Harder Spanish Armada of 1596: Sink Hard with a Vengeance

@TheCityofTownsville 3 ай бұрын

Underrated. Take my like.

@Casmaniac 3 ай бұрын

Sink Hard, part II: Electric Boogaloo

@johnsheaman8057 3 ай бұрын

Yippy ki yay, Phillip 2nd

@a2falcone 3 ай бұрын

The English Armada didn't sink much. It was more like "Die Hard".

@spitefulwar 3 ай бұрын

It surely took a while to sink in for them that all those armada things are just stupid ideas.

@mitchm4992 3 ай бұрын

Just be glad they left the HMS Kamchatka at home

@nickklavdianos5136 3 ай бұрын

" Do you see fire ships? " 16th century Kamchatka, probably

@The_Laughing_Cavalier 3 ай бұрын

"Captain, there are Japanese torpedo boats!" "What the hell is a torpedo?!" - HMS Kamchatka, 1589

@hallvardstangeland1865 3 ай бұрын

@@The_Laughing_Cavalier "nobody tell me no nothin...*sigh*" - Heard onboard the HMS Kamchatka Coordination centre, 1589

@dersaegefisch 3 ай бұрын

@@nickklavdianos5136Captain:"Fire Ships to our left!!! Load the cannons and sink them to the Ocean Floor!" First mate:"But sir I'm pretty sure that's just the smoke from the hearth on some french fishing vessel." Captain:"Do I have to repeat myself?"

@firstname8637 3 ай бұрын

@@dersaegefisch Captain: "And that is a problem because...?"

@simoncauxbarge 3 ай бұрын

regarding the Londo Mollari reference (from the TV show Babylon 5) near the end, the quote is: "Only an idiot fights a war on two fronts. Only the heir to the throne of the kingdom of idiots would fight a war on twelve fronts."

@CanadianDolphinSurf 3 ай бұрын

Damn, didn't expect a B5 reference

@jlvfr 3 ай бұрын

B5 always. :)

@mikewashko 3 ай бұрын

Babylon 5 is criminally underrated and suspiciously absent from syndication current year. It may have something to do with the similarities between the Clark administration in certain administrations current year.

@Tom_Cruise_Missile 3 ай бұрын

@@mikewashko BDS detected

@mikewashko 3 ай бұрын

@@Tom_Cruise_Missile BDS?

@jesusseoane2296 3 ай бұрын

The woman portrayed in the battle of la Coruña was María Pita , when the English killed her husband she attacked with a spear, killing an English officer, promoted as a second lieutenant by the king and retired as a navy officer.

@fastinradfordable Ай бұрын

❤

@christopherreed4723 3 ай бұрын

Congratulations on finding a portrait of Norris that accurately conveys the impression of complete vapidity. Perhaps the long-dead artist, too, was painfully aware that his patron barely had two brain cells to rub together.

@PeterOConnell-pq6io 3 ай бұрын

"We have met the enemy and they are us" seems to be a theme on both sides.

@robertmatch6550 3 ай бұрын

Go go Pogo!

@John.0z 3 ай бұрын

This sounded more like an episode of "Black Adder" the further the story progressed!

@jlvfr 3 ай бұрын

Portuguese here: the idea of landing in Peniche is so bad I can't even... apart from how far it is, the area is most rocks and cliffs... I'm surprised the idiot noble didn't loose _most_ of his troops just trying to land...

@patrickbehrend5403 3 ай бұрын

Maybe Captain Rum was part of the operation. "You have a womans fleet, mylord!"

@DiggingForFacts 3 ай бұрын

@@patrickbehrend5403 "I bet is has ne'er sailed with 10.000 deprived soldiers aboard and tried to land them on the most treacherous Portuguese coast to satisfy the whims of highborn lord."

@christopherreed4723 3 ай бұрын

If composing a period ditty about the affair, the refrain would have to be something along the lines of: 🎼With a hey nonnie-nonnie and a herpa-derpa-derp! 🎶

@nmccw3245 3 ай бұрын

When you realize Blackadder is more historical documentary than comedy… 😮

@tonyjanney1654 3 ай бұрын

Spain and England: Hideous complex and unwieldy plans in the 1500's. IJN in the 1940's: Hold my beer and watch this.

@oriontaylor 3 ай бұрын

IJN Fleet Training Course 102: ‘Let’s split our limited forces into separate groups so far apart that if the enemy doesn’t do exactly what we expect them to, they’re incapable of mutual support!’

@cameronnewton7053 3 ай бұрын

And yet they somehow *still* managed to terrorise the Pacific theatre for 3 years. The more I learn about the Pacific, the more my view goes from "wow they must be really powerful" to "how the hell did they pull all that off?"

@Paveway-chan 3 ай бұрын

19:45 Some spaniard must've asked his friend, "what is the english's greatest weakness?" And his friend, having heard tales of the Hundred years war in general and the siege of Orléans especially, answered "Women"

@richardmartin8998 3 ай бұрын

Not much has changed. Put English troops or sailors in a foreign port and they only want to do 2 things: fighting or f#$%ing.

@maximipe 3 ай бұрын

I'd have answered Blas de Lezo but fair

@podemosurss8316 2 ай бұрын

Nah, that woman was a local volunteer, María Pita. Originally the wife of one of the Spanish officers, when her husband was killed in combat near her, she picked his weapons and called the defenders with the cry "¡Quen teña honra, que me siga!" ("whoever has honor, follow me!"), launching a successful counterattack. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/María_Pita

@robertneal4244 3 ай бұрын

It is amazing how certain lessons in history are learned...or fail to be. Large scale amphibious operations require so much planning, material, logistics, timing, and cooperation. So the old "Hey we have bunch of ships" method just rarely works.

@HighlyImprobableName 3 ай бұрын

If there is one thing we learn from history, it is that people do not learn from history.

@BHuang92 3 ай бұрын

*Mission failed successfully*

@Big_E_Soul_Fragment 3 ай бұрын

Status of the waves: *ruling in progess*

@connormclernon26 3 ай бұрын

Rule Brittannia on Kazoo playing

@SynapseDriven 3 ай бұрын

As a pedantic, OCD, Portuguese, your intro regarding the political situation after the death of King D. Sebastião is spot on, I would like to just add that if Peniche wasn't the worst place to make land in the Portuguese coast it is certainly up there, thank you.

@brianreddeman951 3 ай бұрын

"Did anyone remember to bring the artillery?"

@ErnestLordGoring 3 ай бұрын

Why is the gonne gone? - attr. Captain John Sparrow, HM Royal Marines

@captaincruise8796 3 ай бұрын

It would be interesting to take a survey of all the successful and unsuccessful amphibious operations throughout the age of sail starting in the 15th century and compare what factors made or doomed each expedition. Uncooperative weather seems to be the largest culprit undermining such expeditions, and also the failure to account for such circumstances in planning. Perhaps all the successful expeditions took place in areas where the weather was more mild and predictable.

@mollybell5779 3 ай бұрын

Drach, that dry sense of humor of yours is priceless. I just love listening to you. Thank you so much. Can't get enough. ☺️

@nvelsen1975 3 ай бұрын

35:12 Drach what are you talking about? The Centauri Republic beat the Narn and all their allies. Anyone argues and the Shadows will take care of them surely! 😆

@aslamnurfikri7640 3 ай бұрын

Rulen't Britannia, Britannia rulen't the wave

@neiloflongbeck5705 3 ай бұрын

No such place as Britain at this time. Come back after 1707.

@greenseaships 3 ай бұрын

I believe this is still before Britannia existed.

@terranaxiomuk 3 ай бұрын

@@greenseashipsThe ancient greeks named it Britannia and the name Britain was used in the 1400's.

@JurassicB8245 3 ай бұрын

To this day in Portugal we have the expression "amigo de peniche", (translating to "friend of/from peniche), meaning an untrustworthy friend :D

@a2falcone 3 ай бұрын

Dom Antonio: "Hey, friends. Why don't you give me a hand? Don't mind the 12,000 Protestant foreginers looting everything. They're just here to help".

@riograndedosulball248 3 ай бұрын

I'll say that... Maybe, perhaps, between all the Iberian union debacles, the sacks performed by the British in Portugal during the Napoleonic wars, and the pink map affair, Portugal shouldn't be trusting the military alliance with England for a while now...

@KALEBandDANgaming 3 ай бұрын

Q: How do you sink the British Navy... A: Tell them the bottom of the ocean hasn't been colonized yet.

@The_Red_Off_Road 3 ай бұрын

Hear, hear! 😂 🦅🇺🇸🦅

@jasperfromming6633 3 ай бұрын

I also hear they are missing some freedom down there

@The_Red_Off_Road 3 ай бұрын

@@jasperfromming6633 don’t tell the Pentagon that! 😂

@KALEBandDANgaming 3 ай бұрын

@@jasperfromming6633Did you say OIL?! 🇺🇲Lol

@Paveway-chan 3 ай бұрын

And then you tell the US fleet there's oil on those wrecks, et vióla you've sunk them too!

@MatthewChenault 3 ай бұрын

This is a part of the reason why I think James I was one of England’s best kings; he brought peace to England and began colonizing North America, which would help bolster the English as a major, European power.

@williestyle35 3 ай бұрын

Especially the wealth extracted from the American colonies.

@juanmorales5133 3 ай бұрын

England always after The Spanish😂😂😂

@juanmorales5133 2 ай бұрын

Spanish were in America before English😂😂😂. Get back to india

@Shrike58 3 ай бұрын

Love the "Babylon 5" call-out: "Ah, arrogance and stupidity all in the same package. How efficient of you!"

@jtzoltan 3 ай бұрын

Is that something the Ferengi dude with the spotted forehead said, or is Babylon 5 not in the Star Trek universe?

@Shrike58 3 ай бұрын

Babylon 5 is a different universe! At one point its creator was accusing the producers of "Deep Space 9" of plagiarism.@@jtzoltan

@davidlewis5312 Ай бұрын

@@jtzoltanquark has better ones. The root beer speech is awesome and painfully accurate

@feastguy101 3 ай бұрын

Jesus Christ, to land in Peniche and try to besiege Lisboa… without any siege artillery… these people knew Lisboa was a WALLED city, right?? Even Drake’s original plan was risky, since the force they had on hand should have been about the size of the garrison. It would have been one of the most formidable naval warfare feats in history, though. Lisboa was no Cartagena; it was one of the largest and richest cities in Europe. Drake certainly didn’t lack for ambition.

@Claymore5 3 ай бұрын

Love the Londo Mollari reference - perfect description of Philip II's reign as he never knew when enough was enough.

@ricardokowalski1579 3 ай бұрын

"divine wind" UK edition

@nmccw3245 3 ай бұрын

A series of unfortunate gusts no doubt.

@juliadagnall5816 3 ай бұрын

Moral of the story: Never try to run an invasion by committee

@patricklopes-vtec 3 ай бұрын

Especially if you don't have a Soviet Union attacking by the east, incompetent fascists messing up the south and very quiet Nordics neutral in the north. That's why the Allied D-Day was possible to think about.

@stickemuppunkitsthefunlovi4733 3 ай бұрын

Phallic potatoes are the only way.

@davidlewis5312 2 ай бұрын

you kind of have to, you just have to have committee of people who are interested in the group succeeding, and not just themselves, and are good at what they are suppose to be doing. Drake in this is practically in the same position as Raeder during the the plans for Sealion listening to Jodl describe a cross channel invasion like a river crossing and practically crying in embarassment.

@bgclo 3 ай бұрын

"My shoes are too tight, and I have forgotten how to dance." Londo Mollari (Babylon 5, S1.E7)

@ionaguirre 3 ай бұрын

We (Spanish) did it quiet well before and after the "Spanish Armada" times. In fact we didi it for 3 centuries.😊

@EricDaMAJ 3 ай бұрын

Love the B5 reference. Londo Mollari would’ve been a great fit for the era.

@greenseaships 3 ай бұрын

9:10- Crowdfunding a military campaign. That should be a thing again! *watches the rest of the video* Um... maybe not. Or maybe Putin should try it. Yeah!

@comentedonakeyboard 3 ай бұрын

Would anyone be interested in sponsoring U Boats to fight Diabetes😂

@jaelwyn 3 ай бұрын

The US just called 5hem war bonds... but they were loans, not share investments.

@MarikHavair 2 ай бұрын

Technically every military campaign is crowdfunded, taxes being what they are.

@ChevyChase301 3 ай бұрын

Please do a video on the naval combat between the English and Dutch against the Iberian union in the Indian or pacific oceans

@5thMilitia 3 ай бұрын

And the battles between the Dutch and English in that time. While nominally allies the Dutch and English sometimes directly fought eachother in the indies

@WalterReimer 3 ай бұрын

Essex performed a Jingles Landing.

@davidwhitfield6025 3 ай бұрын

Thanks for this. Except those with a interest in military history of this period this is pretty well unknown. It's not taught in English schools about this failure. Elizabeth was told that the whole thing as a success and claimed as such although she did not engage either Norris or Drake again in any venture for a few years which tells that she knew she had been sold a lemon. Norris would end up back fight the Irish (a thankless job) where he would die of gangrene from old wounds and purportedly a broken heart for his treatment by Elizabeth. Drake didn't fare any better eventually getting a new command only to die of dysentery following his failed attempt to take Panama.

@gbosman5874 3 ай бұрын

Very good topic. Really wanted you to cover this and here it is. Very good video as always!

@cheesenoodles8316 3 ай бұрын

Excellent... Francis Drake is a name I recognized even as a small lad. Rate this three and one half binoculars.

@eliotreader8220 3 ай бұрын

I visited his home Buckland Abby before covid

@bayushiteishiru6291 3 ай бұрын

35:11 Babylon 5 reference made my day! Thank you.

@The_ZeroLine 3 ай бұрын

It should also be noted that if Norris had paid attention to recent history, he may have been aware that King John I of Castile had failed capture Lisbon with a siege featuring massive siege force and a naval blockade with Lisbon being defended by an absolutely tiny force.

@TOPDadAlpha 3 ай бұрын

Great video, as always. Thanks

@peterreston6478 3 ай бұрын

Good documentary and well spoken.

@oneshotme 3 ай бұрын

I very much enjoyed your video and I gave it a Thumbs Up

@vikkimcdonough6153 3 ай бұрын

At least they actually managed to _land..._

@DaystromDataConcepts 3 ай бұрын

I have to say, I was somewhat surprised that ships in dry dock don't have their magazines emptied during such heavy maintenance.

@lexington476 3 ай бұрын

35:15 wait, was that a Babylon 5 reference 🙂? Londo Mollari 😎?

@m.streicher8286 3 ай бұрын

"Sorry guys, I forgot the seige artillery at home"

@poilboiler 3 ай бұрын

Anything you can fail we can fail harder?

@RM-au9mm 3 ай бұрын

A Londo Mollari reference? Drach, you are legend!

@wolfganghuhn7747 3 ай бұрын

Loved how you linked it with the history of the centaury empire

@abnurtharn2927 3 ай бұрын

Londo Mollari? Fitting reference.

@user-hw1qo2mu9e 3 ай бұрын

Thanks Drach.

@lewiswestfall2687 3 ай бұрын

Thanks Drach

@w.osterberg9385 3 ай бұрын

A great and fun listen!!!

@tomcummings6408 3 ай бұрын

Excellent B5 reference. 😀

@davidburland6576 3 ай бұрын

Thanks!

@frankvc5899 3 ай бұрын

I wonder if you will venture on the evacuation of Coruña (Corunna) after the the Battle of Elviña by Sir John Moore. It’s my city after all!

@therealuncleowen2588 3 ай бұрын

Excellent content Drach. Thank you. To any Libertarians watching, this is a good example of how the profit motive is not the perfect fix for every problem in society as you lot imagine it to be.

@kanrakucheese 3 ай бұрын

... but it failed due to demands of adherence to a caste system

@Destroyer_V0 3 ай бұрын

@@kanrakucheese Nope. It was because of the desire for profit, that the MAIN OBJECTIVE, of the voyage. That being the destruction of Spanish warships in a known location. Was ignored.

@rpick7546 3 ай бұрын

Amateurs study tactics. Professionals study logistics. There have been precious few professionals in all of military history. Case in point.

@pRahvi0 3 ай бұрын

And then there are those, like Sir John Norris appears to have been, who study neither yet end up at the top of the chain of command and somehow think they belong there.

@LU-zo2vt 3 ай бұрын

2:12 Phillip looks like one of those guys who still thinks skinny jeans are fashionable

@Yacovo 3 ай бұрын

Well that was an unsuccessful expedition. Thanks for the video

@scottburton509 3 ай бұрын

Have you thought about making a video of the Scapa Flow salvage operations?

3 ай бұрын

Fascinating story. Would make a good mini series

@papajohnloki 3 ай бұрын

thanks, Hermans and Padfields books both barely mention these (as do most of the books on the Armadas)

@ostrowulf 3 ай бұрын

Was thinking I had not seen one of your videos show up in my feed. Then the algorythem apparently read my mind and showed me this one while I was painting 28mm English sailors,albeit later ones, as in around Henry Morigan's time.

@JasperKlijndijk 3 ай бұрын

Love this age! Please cover the Dutch more Piet heijn, de ruyter, tromp

@bigsarge2085 3 ай бұрын

Fascinating.

@MSNL123 3 ай бұрын

King Sebastian, please. Listening to english speakers trying their luck with nasal diphtongs hurts portuguese speakers as much as our attempts with dental fricatives might hurt you.

@kersebleptes1317 3 ай бұрын

In all fairness, it is often very difficult to get a nasal diphthong properly fitted. If thus the straps are digging in, or slack, then success is almost impossible.

@MSNL123 3 ай бұрын

@@kersebleptes1317 Indeed. Even foreigners who spent years in Brazil and mastered several other elements of the language get it way wrong often. Thus the comparison with dentral fricatives. Just as I have yet to see a english speaker get the 'ão' in João right, I have yet to see a brazilian raised here get the 'th' in thought or thin quite right.

@jasonz7788 3 ай бұрын

Awesome thanks

@thomasembleton1467 3 ай бұрын

Very good drach just 1 minor error water buffalo are from Asia and would never encounter spotted hyenas! Not going to count the other hyenas of Africa and asia since they are harmless.

@antonexx 3 ай бұрын

He couldn't bring himself to utter the correct words, the Lion of Europe attacked by a multitude of hyenas, ottoman/french/dutch, etc...

@CAP198462 3 ай бұрын

HMS Toby, or not Toby? That is the question.

@phillip_iv_planetking6354 3 ай бұрын

You should do a video of Action of 9 August 1780 where the losses to England were so huge that they were still remembered during the Napoleonic wars.

@scottnyc6572 3 ай бұрын

The battle of persuasion seemed just as intense as any naval battles.

@ShadeEmberi 2 ай бұрын

So maddening that it failed due to one man, while ultimate victory was unlikely, there would have been many gains had drake being in charge

@NavigatingOurFaith 3 ай бұрын

Always love your stuff. 💪

@wildcolonialman 3 ай бұрын

Fabulous.

@janlindtner305 3 ай бұрын

Grandios! 👍👍👍

@SuppressedOfficial 3 ай бұрын

Such badass music!

@billbrockman779 3 ай бұрын

I wonder if any of Sir John Moore’s ancestors were on the mission to Coruna.

@SuperCrazf 3 ай бұрын

Laughs in Álvaro de Bazán Although that didn’t last long either

@randyhavard6084 Ай бұрын

If your plan is not complicated enough to work, you have to plan harder

@JonatasAdoM 3 ай бұрын

This is the first time I hear the plural of princess. This video was a gift.

@eedwardgrey2 3 ай бұрын

29:50: " Your mother was a hamster..."

@evenodd3339 3 ай бұрын

Is there a playlist for the Spanish armada? I need to catch up on this.

@Drachinifel 3 ай бұрын

Yep - kzfaq.info/sun/PLMK9a-vDE5zGEVtdGgCZAUsK4up3LB1oU&si=LVnrjjv-1xXju4g2

@atomopawn 3 ай бұрын

Love the title of this one!

@djtrainspotter3079 3 ай бұрын

Ahhhh, they were the days.

@johnjephcote7636 3 ай бұрын

I was wondering when fever would arise in your account (thinking of Walcheren much later in 1809)...and of course, our poor matelots yet again were left waiting for their back pay.

@jillatherton4660 3 ай бұрын

Age of Sail: Splendid. 😄👍

@m.streicher8286 3 ай бұрын

Drake was busy growing his fleet in enemy territory during THAT overland "campaign". Very funny in retrospect.

@josetrindade3550 28 күн бұрын

There is still an expression in Portuguese language "Friends of Peniche" (Amigos de Peniche) to name people you were pinning your hopes on but who have let you down :)

@rascally_ryan 3 ай бұрын

5:22 “By sparking an uprising in Portugal.” Wait, do we mean Portugal - the *country* or… PORTUGAL THE MAN? 😎😄

@MisterSplendy 2 ай бұрын

Sir John Norris looked like my 3rd grade teacher, Mrs. Swanne. She had a big, poofy hairdo, was overweight and wore horned rimmed glasses This was about 1976.

@markm718 2 ай бұрын

He made 800,000 Pounds…. of actual Sterling Silver i presume..

@charleslarrivee2908 3 ай бұрын

So I guess the "winds and waves of God" blow both ways 😏 Plus a while bunch of human error.

@lessonslearned2569 3 ай бұрын

Londo was right but you could never say the Bourbons or their chins were that clever to begin with.

@Dayvit78 2 ай бұрын

Way to honor that 1000 year old alliance, Anglos!

@tomrecane6366 3 ай бұрын

12:08 Is that a goat on the bow of that ship? A dog? Was the painter being whimsical or was it some obscure navy thing?

@crazypetec-130fe7 3 ай бұрын

Could be a goat kept for milk.

@neiloflongbeck5705 3 ай бұрын

Drake is going west lads, so Fred is going west, but ittle Tom just stays in bed, the lazy little beast.

@augustosolari7721 3 ай бұрын

That Spain was able to fight all of Europe and the Ottoman Empire for so long is nothing short of amazing, and can only be explained by the constant flux of silver and gold from the Indies.

@ottovonbismarck2443 3 ай бұрын

Help me, but besides England and the Dutch Provinces, with whom else were they at war ?

@augustosolari7721 3 ай бұрын

@@ottovonbismarck2443 Ottomans, the French,

@CharlesYuditsky 3 ай бұрын

And good sturdy pikemen.

@ottovonbismarck2443 3 ай бұрын

@@augustosolari7721 I meant at the same time; obviously they were not fighting the French in this "episode".

@Benito-lr8mz 3 ай бұрын

Vaya se nota que no ha estado en HispanoAmerica y veria en que se gastó el oro España en ciudades monumentales hoy y servicios en la época que dejan en ridículo a muchas Europeas de entonces y en monumentos ahora y la 1 universidad de América por supuesto .