Thanks so much Amber! I am still hoping to have the chance to write about Kush at some point... Watch this space!

@chris Kush was not a rival of Egypt it was its mother so just from the title shows that this is not about the truth and relays on the lies that have been regurgitated over the past hundred years shame could have been a good documentary but like always the truth is pushed to the side for lies! One day soon as the Sahara desert reveals its secrets a lot of you will bow your heads with shame of how yall treated the mothers & fathers of all civilization & mankind.

Then wtw happened to it? I dont see much here.

@ Hardwork Factz This is more of the same bunch of lies mixed with little truth to seem credible only bigots would enjoy people who seek the truth just wouldn’t

Thank you!

Lovely to read this, thanks! And I love maps too (and consider them essential!)!

Lovely to read this, thank you John - your support is much appreciated!

Thanks for your kind words, much appreciated!

Thanks for your kind comments, I'm glad you enjoyed the talk!

I had the same sharp focus. You're a great lecturer.

And the maps are great and helpful and beautiful too.. Learned and liked this a lot 👍 Greetings bibia

Thank you!

Thank you for watching!

Thanks for watching!

Thank you for watching!

Especially thanks to the maps.. 🤷‍♂️I don't know why Chris apologised for using maps.... What's next??? Chris gonna hand out free money and happiness, but he does apologise for it so... 🤷‍♂️🤷‍♂️🤷‍♂️ LOL, I just love maps to much maybe, but they are useful, very useful for learning and remembering, I happen to think they are beautiful too. Greetings bibia.

Thanks for watching! And yes, I agree - the situation was probably nowhere near as binary as some people would like to think it is!

@mmi5833 Most definitely!

Thanks Kayleigh, this is very nice to read :) Hope to see you at one of the talks at some point and good luck with all your amazing work here and elsewhere!

Hi K, Chris is an Egyptology rock star...really cool to see you here...peace to ya.

Indeed, maps are a very helpful tool and beautiful too👍 Greetings bibia

Thank you, I'm very glad to know you approve of the maps, I almost always include them in my talks - my focus is usually on archaeological evidence which makes maps just about indispensable in my view! Thanks for taking the time to share your thoughts!

Thank you!

Thanks for watching! Yes, at the time the Kushites adopted the pyramid for their royal tombs they had conquered Egypt and they must therefore have seen the pyramids during this time, although it seems likely that the Memphite pyramids would have been known to the people of Kush long before this. There was a great deal of cultural exchange between Egypt and Kush going back over many centuries and the presence of pyramid and similar architecture in temples in both places is testament to this.

Hi Antonio, Interesting thoughts, thanks! The peoples of Egypt and the lands to the south had been interacting since Predynastic times - there are A-Group (Nubian) burials within Egypt from as early as that. It seems very likely that there were Nubians and their descendants in Egypt throughout ancient history, and that some of them may have risen to the top of society. The evidences you mention are indications of this and it seems very possible that there was more that we don't know about either because the evidence hasn't survived or because it can be very difficult to detect foreign influence within Egypt, especially if the individuals concerned adopted Egyptian names and customs. Fascinating subject!

@@ChristopherNaunton It's fascinating indeed, thank you for the response. Can't wait to see your future videos on Nubia. Keep up the great work, these detailed videos on Egypt/Nubia are definitely needed.

​@@ChristopherNaunton .. " risen to the top of society .." I'm left wondering what should stop anyone from rising to the top of their own society.

@@jeffdoe1110 The point here is that the people in question were Kushites i.e. foreigners in Egypt, and yet rose to the top of Egyptian society (i.e. they became pharaohs). This was not their own society of course. There are a number of things that might have stopped even Egyptians from rising to the top of their own society, in particular that it was highly stratified and that high ranking positions - and by extension wealth and influence - were often hereditary and therefore only accessible to those who already had wealth and influence. During the 25th Dynasty when the pharaohs were Kushite it might well have been easier, but there were probably Kushites in high office before and after this and it would have been harder for them in those times because they were foreign, and in any case it may still have been more difficult for them even during the period, as the Kushites ran the country only with the acceptance of the established local families, and at certain points during the period and in certain places it's clear they were not accepted. I hope that makes sense!

@antonio They were they same people only in modern times that they have been separated because of bigotry hatred & racism these people who have painted made statues of themselves everywhere they could are called liars from modern day racist even the very first Egyptologist such a fake thing stated who these people were even the Roman’s the Greeks have paintings and statues of who the ancient Egyptians were Robert Ross an African American man has had his dna connected to Ramses lll and yet in 2024 the bigotry continues the lies continue the Egyptians even stated where they came from the south only to have racist Arabs & Caucasians tell them themselves they are liars they came from Europe it has to be sad to to look at these great statues knowing fully in their hearts that they look nothing like them! This has got to stop and the truth will come out completely even though it’s right there for all to see but people are looking to the Sahara and it will reveal it’s truth and there is nothing that those racist can do about it!

Thanks for the suggestion!

Thanks, I'll take that as a compliment!

YES 100% AGREE!!! Maps are GREAT & AWESOME! Maps are extremely helpful and beautiful too.. So I don't know why Chris apologised for it...

This is great to read, thanks for your support!

Very interesting, thanks!

Hi Nicholas, Interesting thought! You're right that we don't know everything about the four individuals you mention, especially Nefertiti. It's likely that Yuya, Thuya and Ay had connections with the Egyptian town of Akhmim. That doesn't mean that they didn't have ancestors or connections with people outside Egypt but we can't prove it. Off the top of my head I'm not aware of any diplomatic marriages (or any other such pairing) between the Egyptian royal family and Kush during the Eighteenth Dynasty. It wouldn't be impossible but it would be unlikely I think given the Egyptians decisive victory over Kush in the early part of the New Kingdom, and that the relationship was one not of diplomacy or alliance but military antagonism (and this had been the case going back much further into history, before the Egyptians reasserted themselves). SO, maybe, but probably not. Intersting though anyway, thanks!

Genetics says no. Tutankhamen’s family were of European descent (with markers that are actually quite rare in Egypt). The following 19th Dynasty did have subsaharan genetics however (based on genetic analysis of Rameses II).

​@@allangibson8494 That has already been debunked.. the company who made these claims did not even have his DNA.. Swiss genomics company iGENEA has launched a Tutankhamen DNA project based on what they say are genetic markers that appeared on a computer screen during a Discovery Channel special on the famous pharaoh's genetic lineage.. But Carsten Pusch, a geneticist at Germany's University of Tubingen who was part of the team that unraveled Tut's DNA from samples taken from his mummy and mummies of his family members, said that iGENEA's claims are "simply impossible." Pusch and his colleagues published part of their results, though not the Y-chromosome DNA, in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in 2010 Pusch's team used snippets of Y-chromosome DNA to link Tut to his closest relatives, identifying his mom and dad. But they didn't publish the full genetic data that would allow genomics companies like iGENEA to link modern people to the Tutankhamen lineage.

King Tut was not Nubian, he could have had Nubian ancestry as alot of upper Egyptians did.

@@NubiansNapata Rameses I grandfather was Nubian. His grandmother was Tutankhamen’s Nubian viceroy (Huy) sister. Upper Egypt IS Nubia. Lower Egypt is the lighter skinned Coptic homeland. Two different ethnic groups.

Yes, scholars are unsure who the name of the Kushite King who invaded Egypt should be vocalised / transliterated so it is sometimes 'Piye' or 'Piankhy' in the literature. the question is whether or not the 'ankh' sign should be vocalised. 'Pi' would be plain wrong I think as it suggests there is only one reed leaf sign in the name (which would give the sound 'i') when there are always two = 'y' or 'iy'.

Thanks for watching!

Ha, thanks! Just FYI this video was recorded during the first lockdown in June 2020 at a time when I was staying with family and only had access to my laptop and its webcam and mic. I have since been using better equipment but there's still probably room for improvement. Having said that I think you might be the first person to mention this... Thanks again!

No these burials do fit the story, and I did briefly mention Kerma in the 'origins' section (slides 96 onwards, see chrisnaunton.com/the-kingdom-of-kush-links-further-reading/) but there just wasn't time - there are so many more things I could have talked about but I always overrun as it is!

"Taht bird".....? Is that a reference to the Ibis?

@@jamesregiste960 That bird is called, Numididae Guineafowl

Not Amorites but Amatures.

I do define them! See at around 00:06:50 when my narrative is accompanied by an image of the Third Cataract.

Interesting thought, thanks! It seems to me more likely that the Egyptians referred to Kush by that name because it was the name those people / the people of that region used for themselves / their territory. There are hundreds of toponyms for people/areas outside Egypt (to the south, west and northeast) in Egyptian texts but that doesn't mean that the people of Egypt came from any of those places or were the same as those people. On Nubia, I'd stand by what's in the presentation - the origin of the word is unclear and there are conflicting theories e.g. possible connection with Nobadia, or the Egyptian word 'nwb' for gold, one of the major sources for which was in the 1st - 2nd cataract region. It does also say in the slides that Nobadia only came into existence following the fall of Kush in the 4th century CE, whereas the word 'Nubia' is first attested in the 3rd cen. BCE so if there is a connection between 'Nubia' and 'Nobadia' it's probably not that 'Nubia' comes from 'Nobadia' - either it's the other way round or that they share a common origin. Thanks for watching!

@@ChristopherNaunton You say it doesn't mean the "Egyptians" came from those places...According to greeks the kushites said that the Egyptians were a colony of theirs....Egypt pops up almost out the Blue as a very advanced society, which shows that the so called egyptian society/culture was a nile family culture! That seems anyway to be the most logical explanation...Also the "Egyptians " say about their orgins that they came from the beginning of the Nile! The Beginning of the nile is 8n deep Africa possibly around Tanzania, Uganda/ Burundi...All of "Egypt's" culture" can be found in that area. Now there is evidence that demonstrates, that there was kingship in Kush before Egypt (Bruce williams and other "Nubiologist" have shown this. Next you say there were different toponyms...What dies that have to do with Them being different Branches or tribes of the same ppl? Are we trying to use a modern European paradigm ( ie the nation state to classify ppl only by the name of their state?) What is the proof that they thought like that? So using the designation ta section doesn't show or prove that they were different from , related to ie a branch of the Kushite! It may be only a identity marker to describe a specific branch or those kushites in a specific area...You even admitted yourself , that Kush was also used as by the "egyptians" themselves and others to describe all the ppl of the south...The ppl of the south would definitely have been under the umbrella or Aegis of the Kushites...Today in Africa you have Asante, fate, Akyim etc but they are all Akan...It seems to me that the same is the case with the Kuahites...Also we can't even designate the areas you sited as being the territory of Kush strictly! There haven't been enough archeological work or study of nubiology in general to make such a claim...The Meroe script haven't even been deciphered, so this is still basically a new field ir a field of study still in it's infancy. As for the word Nub, where the ppl of Kmt describing a ppl as Nub or a land? A land where they got gold from? Bc they loved gold! If they would have giving anyone that name they would have named themselves most likely! Such as they would call themselves the Ppl /nation of Men ( implying all others were not) they got there gold from Kush...I stand by meaning, that it wasn't a ppl being referred to as gold...That name was designated to a ppl when the greeks came.

@@ChristopherNaunton The name Ta seti was given by the Egyptians also! Do you think they chose that name bc the ppl called themselves that? They found seals with the name when dealing in trade with Kmt, doesn't mean they (the ppl themselves) used this name for themselves.

@@cima5878 Well, no, but in that case the etymology of the words in the Egyptian language is clear - 'land of the bow' - so in that case it seems more likely to be a descriptive name conceived by the Egyptians on the basis of what they observed. There is no such explanation available for the name 'Kush'.

@@cima5878 The topnyms I refer to relate not only to places in north-east Africa but also in the Near / Middle East in places corresponding to modern Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and Syria. My point was just that even if the Egyptians and Kushites had common origins - which is of course possible - it seems very unlikely that the Egyptians also had origins in ALL these various places around the ancient world. In any case, even if there was an origin that was common to all, it's very clear that by a certain point in history the culture of the northern Nile valley and Nile Delta was distinct from those of the Near / Middle East in terms of language, script, religious beliefs, art, architecture etc. The culture of Kush was also distinct from that of Egypt, even if there were many similarities and doubtless much exchange of ideas etc. See for example the material culture recovered from Kerma / Dokki Gel where it is clear that the architecture and funerary practices in particular of the Kerma people / Kushites and invading Egyptians was very different.

The Egyptians and Kushites were clearly different peoples. The Egyptians treated the Kushites as an 'other', and the two groups were evidently different in terms of language, script (by the time Meroitic appears), iconography, architecture, religious beliefs (although there are a lot of similarities there too) and funerary practices. There was some overlap in the territories each inhabited at various times, but each clearly originated from, and were mainly based in, different places i.e. the Egyptians to the north of the first catarct of the Nile and the Kushites to the south of the second cataract. There was no line in the dirt as such, but the cataracts did clearly provide natural boundaries, and the area between the first and second was rarely within the full control of the either the Egyptians or the Kushites. Although there was a great deal of contact and exchange of ideas, customs, practices etc between the two groups, it is clear they were different and occupied different territories, hence anyone travelling in that part of the world, including ancient writers like Herodotus and Strabo, would have been aware of the distinction.

@ChristopherNaunton All the customs and practices came from the South. It's not one Leopard in Egypt, but king s and chiefs across Africa wear Leopard Skins. The Nubians had to come into Egypt or Kemet many times to restore Order. In order to understand how to build a 100 story building, you have to master how to build a 1 story building first. On back of the dollar bill are Nubian Pyramids, not the ones in Egypt. The Secret Societies know who are the ancient ones

​@@ronaldjones9429I believe Albert Pike, Confederate war Criminal, master of jurisprudence, master Mason,who's memorialised on the "White House lawn", Mentions the African origin of "freeMasonry", because the Secret Society's kept their own historical records!

@@ronaldjones9429thank you brother, tell it!👏🏾💯

@@ChristopherNaunton I think you got some racism going on in your argument, Chris. Egyptians and Kushites were different political organizations but basically the same people, especially so as you go deeper into history.

U have no idea what you are talking about..Greeks, Romans, Persians an end to Egyptian culture. Nubians were allies of various upper Egyptians prince. The Libyans in lower Egypt would have sacked Karnak in upper Egypt and napata in lower Nubia.. two scared places of amun. Nubian rule is considered a renaissance of nile culture. Nubians did not change the gods nor culture.. Greeks and Romans did because they never understood the culture. Cleopatra was the only person from the Greek rule to actually speak Egyptian.

Modern Nubia is doing great 😃 go to upper Egypt and northern Sudan. It's beautiful, peaceful. No mass shootings,rape,drugs, prostitution, homosexuality, transexual

These attacks are to be expected from Eurocentric Dupes, after All ,their Ignorance and bias are all you can expect if their Academic training is paid for by Rockefeller, the Arch Eugenicist!

Correct

Facts, they were related by blood (bloodline)...

I WAS GUNNA SAY THE SAMETHING I SWEAR THEM FOLKS JUST LOVE MAKING THINGS UP THEY HAVE NO PROOF OF ANY OF THIS BUT WILL PUT IT AS FACT THE BIGOTRY IN THIS WORLD IS BEYOND ME!

Correct They are brothers

Lies 😂