The Maths of General Relativity (3/8) - Geodesics

  Рет қаралды 205,190

ScienceClic English

ScienceClic English

3 жыл бұрын

In this series, we build together the theory of general relativity. This third video focuses on the notions of geodesics, Christoffel symbols, and the geodesic equation.
For more videos, subscribe to the KZfaq channel : / scienceclicen
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Alessandro Roussel,
For more info: www.alessandroroussel.com/en

Пікірлер: 392
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
This video is more difficult than the previous ones, don't hesitate to watch it several times, especially the example at the end. Next week we will introduce the metric tensor !
@hirowong5294
@hirowong5294 3 жыл бұрын
I can’t wait to see your next video❤️
@hirowong5294
@hirowong5294 3 жыл бұрын
Btw I love the BGM, what is the name of it?
@bitparity
@bitparity 3 жыл бұрын
I just want to say, I mighta stuck with calculus had I had these videos in my life when I was learning it. You're doing god's work here, and I hope you get all the clicks and ad revenue from millions of math and physics students trying to understand and visualize what they've been told to learn in abstract number form.
@justanotherguy469
@justanotherguy469 3 жыл бұрын
I have dreams about motion, pure motion. Am I a weirdo?
@artnotes
@artnotes 3 жыл бұрын
This video is awsome
@Heulerado
@Heulerado 3 жыл бұрын
I wish this video existed back when I was learning GR. I'm pretty sure this is the best introduction to Christoffel symbols currently out there. 3B1B tier.
@woogy4952
@woogy4952 3 жыл бұрын
agreed
@cornoc
@cornoc 3 жыл бұрын
agreed
@rohithsudarshan6524
@rohithsudarshan6524 3 жыл бұрын
agreed
@Heulerado
@Heulerado 3 жыл бұрын
agreed
@logandarbz1257
@logandarbz1257 3 жыл бұрын
agreed
@ThyReaper
@ThyReaper 3 жыл бұрын
This is the clearest explanation of complex geometries I've ever seen. Your videos are absolutely fantastic!
@massimilianoc2436
@massimilianoc2436 3 жыл бұрын
Man, I studied this stuff in a traditional way and I always had a severe struggle to deeply understand Christoffel Symbol and intrinsic curvature... but hey here it looks so natural with the help of these graphics! Thanks a lot. I wonder if you also teach living in real life because you are so clear...
@keonix506
@keonix506 3 жыл бұрын
I'm having heavy 3b1b vibes with this series. I'm still with you, tho it took more time to comprehend this part. Thanks for awesome animation and explanation!
@stevenmarshall1119
@stevenmarshall1119 3 жыл бұрын
one of the greatest General Relativity series on whole KZfaq, simply and short! sincerely grateful!
@leonackermann3098
@leonackermann3098 3 жыл бұрын
One of the...? Pls tell me the other once! :)
@stevenmarshall1119
@stevenmarshall1119 3 жыл бұрын
@@leonackermann3098 there are also Russian ones, since I am Russian, but this will certainly not help you. Check also Alex Flournoy videos for more technical details, he downloads lectures on GR right now. Famous Susskinds´ are also good
@leonackermann3098
@leonackermann3098 3 жыл бұрын
@@stevenmarshall1119 Ah I know already Susskind and Flournoy ;) also post the russian just because of random interest if I will understand a single word ^^ Greetings from Germany
@stevenmarshall1119
@stevenmarshall1119 3 жыл бұрын
@@leonackermann3098 kzfaq.info/love/yeF4TqSnmLDXWk-qRWTezQ, einfach LightCone. Ich bin ein Russe, aber seit langem ich lebe und arbeite in Deutschland. Schöne Grüße dir auch, lieber Unbekannte!
@leonackermann3098
@leonackermann3098 3 жыл бұрын
@@stevenmarshall1119 Okay dann check auch mal aus Physics Videos bei Eugene, für 3D Animationen.
@nzuckman
@nzuckman 3 жыл бұрын
This is by FAR the best explanation of Christoffel symbols I've EVER seen, holy moly
@Drachensslay
@Drachensslay 3 жыл бұрын
4:16 will be my go to visual when remembering Christoffel symbols. Fantastic visuals! Thank you so much for this series!
@joseville
@joseville 2 жыл бұрын
Nice! Can you explain what's going on?
@aaryanchokshi3862
@aaryanchokshi3862 Жыл бұрын
@@joseville Each basis vector e_i can vary in all coordinates, generally. Hence, we consider all possible deviations from the initial state of the basis vectors in all coordinates, i.e. the derivatives of all basis vectors with respect to all coordinates, x_j. The derivative d(e_i) /dx_j is our desired change. Now, the change of this basis vector e_i is more in the direction of the coordinate x_j if the velocity component in the direction x_j is larger. Hence, we have to add a velocity component v_j to our derivative here. That makes our term as ( d(e_i) / dx_j ) * (v_j). This right here is our 'component' for the deviation of our basis vectors. To get the direction part of the term, we multiply a basis vector to this term, which would indicate the directions of change of basis vectors, in terms of basis vectors (if you get what I mean). This, coupled with the initial derivative change consists the Christoffel Symbols (_gamma^i_kj v_j e_i). Hope you get what it means. I'm sorry, the math notation is a lot weird here. Feel free to ask if you have any problem.
@tahamuhammad1814
@tahamuhammad1814 3 ай бұрын
​@@aaryanchokshi3862Is the spacetime being used here Euclidean?
@aaryanchokshi3862
@aaryanchokshi3862 3 ай бұрын
@@tahamuhammad1814 No, the case discussed in this video is for any irregular grid.
@tahamuhammad1814
@tahamuhammad1814 3 ай бұрын
​@@aaryanchokshi3862can you help me, I'm so freackin confused. It just doesn't make sense for the basis vectors to change along the grid, that's against definition. If our vector space is 2-dimensional (not necessarily Euclidean), there may exist many bases (plural of basis) but each basis is a unique set of two vectors. Now, when we give coordinates to that space (which is the same thing as making a grid on it) we choose a two vectors that can form a basis (let's call those vectors a and b). We will choose these vectors such that there is a unique way to write every point in that vector space as xa+yb where x and y are scalars.
@sergeirachmaninoff6397
@sergeirachmaninoff6397 3 жыл бұрын
Ok, now probably my high school knowledge has found its limit here. I hope to be able to keep up with further explanations by the time I’m in college! hopefully next year...
@sanath8483
@sanath8483 3 жыл бұрын
Even though it is complicated, it doesn't hurt to go through all of the points he makes to see what you understand and what you don't. This is a good practice for the future as well if you ever want to study ahead for a class.
@lamequemaciel6412
@lamequemaciel6412 3 жыл бұрын
I'm a physics' student and I focus on GR. I need to tell you that it's hard to understand something like this.
@sergeirachmaninoff6397
@sergeirachmaninoff6397 3 жыл бұрын
@@sanath8483 I’ll try to do that! I still see someone who knows calculus like a superhuman or something. Just imagining that theoretically you could deduce the most important equations of all time by yourself is so impressive. I’m probably overestimating it, due to my anticipation to learn and habit to watch a lot of physics videos just for fun
@ertugrulbae46
@ertugrulbae46 3 жыл бұрын
Tbh only those with preliminary knowledge understand certain ascpects, as the vid will assume you know them. Othereise...it would have to teach several years of maths when explaining something lol E.g. anyone that hasn't done derivatives/differentiation (dy/dx) won't know that it denotes the gradient or rate of change. When dealing with velocity..rate of change is obviously acceleration or deceleration. Anyone that hasn't studied maths and physics to a sufficient academic level simply wont know that. ...I got thrown off the boat at those 8 Schileoochoff values whatever they're called. EDIT: he explains Chrystoffel symbols. So i got some understanding
@pendalink
@pendalink 3 жыл бұрын
It's great that you're using youtube/the web to learn about these interesting topics! I did the same in high school, fell in love with the creative thinking that goes into physics problems, and am now working on my physics phd. Don't worry about not understanding a topic or even about being wrong if you try to connect the dots with limited information, you are always laying the groundworks for a more complete, functional, and satisfying understanding.
@EdvinMiler
@EdvinMiler 3 жыл бұрын
hope the english channel grows, simply brillliant! and the animation of the equation being re-arranged is super helpful
@joseville
@joseville 2 жыл бұрын
Does he have a channel in another language?
@Caaro99
@Caaro99 Жыл бұрын
@@joseville their primary channel, @ScienceClic, is in french. They also have a spanish channel.
@imagine.o.universo
@imagine.o.universo 3 жыл бұрын
Hello I am a bachelor and this was the first time I formally study general relativity. I can say that your work helped me a lot! It was brilliant! I believe this is the best material on the internet to explore the concepts behind this subject.
@physicslover1950
@physicslover1950 3 жыл бұрын
I can't wait for the 4th part. I am still waiting for the equations of frame dragging, gravitational lensing and gravitational waves.
@hooya27
@hooya27 3 жыл бұрын
I've been a casual student of GR for a long time, and this is the most intuitive and clear explanation I've encountered to date. Kudos, sir!
@cinemaclips4497
@cinemaclips4497 Жыл бұрын
I suggest you study eigenchris' playlists on tensors for beginners, tensor calculus and relativity by eigenchris. He taught me general relativity extremely well.
@shadow15kryans23
@shadow15kryans23 3 жыл бұрын
All i have to say is this is one hell of a beautiful explanation tbh
@Beerbatter1962
@Beerbatter1962 3 жыл бұрын
I've attempted to teach myself general relativity several times at this point, and the Christoffel symbols was always a stumbling block for me. But not anymore, this brought it home finally. The other aspect I find tricky for me is keeping the upper and lower indices straight in my head. Excellent excellent animations. That's what does it for me. Thank you very much.
@imaginer04
@imaginer04 3 жыл бұрын
Finally, a great visualisation helps me to comprehend "Christoffel Symbols ".
@nikolas5432
@nikolas5432 3 жыл бұрын
I found your channel three days ago and I have watched every video atleast twice. this is by far the most comprehensive and visually effective way I have seen these concepts be presented. I am honestly blown away. I'm currently studying in my undergraduate for astronomy/astrophysics, and while I still have two years until my relativity courses, this is some killer brain food. physics is all about those connections, and you have strengthened these connections for me before I would need them. Thanks a million, as you should have a million subscribers for the work you do here.
@acdemiralp2998
@acdemiralp2998 2 жыл бұрын
Dude, with this level of clarity in understanding (and hence explaining), you will probably solve the Theory of Everything. I feel enlightened.
@ChacingBugs
@ChacingBugs 3 жыл бұрын
The example at the end really helped with my intuitive understanding of the maths.
@denkosekkaoce
@denkosekkaoce 3 жыл бұрын
The greatest introduction of Christoffel symbols I've ever seen. Well done, loving the presentation.
@user-bo5eg5cg9c
@user-bo5eg5cg9c 3 жыл бұрын
This is just the video I've been looking for. Incredibly clear and accurate; I only blame youtube for not introducing me ScienceClic so far
@stevenschilizzi4104
@stevenschilizzi4104 3 жыл бұрын
I totally agree with the comments already made: these are the clearest explanations I've seen to date on these subtle GR concepts! And the graphical animations are to become a legend. There are other excellent ones out there (e.g. by Eugene Khutoryansky), but they tend to assume a bit more background from viewers. So these here complement the others rather than substitute for them (horses for courses) - but even in and of themselves, they are a model to emulate!
@993LD
@993LD 3 жыл бұрын
I love watching these videos, even though I understand very little, and I know nothing of this math, the philosophy is fascinating
@johndoh1000
@johndoh1000 3 жыл бұрын
I love how giddy I get over the release of a new general relativity video
@jonsonj5249
@jonsonj5249 2 жыл бұрын
My god, I have studied Physics ... and this, is by a fair stretch better than any book or lecturer that I have encountered ! Thx!
@pythondemonstrationen9869
@pythondemonstrationen9869 3 жыл бұрын
This is the absolute best explanation of Christoffel-symbols I have ever seen!! Very, very well done!
@randymartin5500
@randymartin5500 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much, these videos have been tremendously helpful in giving a visual intuition on how Chrisoffel symbols work with the vector components and the basis components. Hours with Leonard Susskind's lectures and still could not picture where the heck these symbols fit in. They are connections but he never explained how they are connected.
@mysteryhombre81
@mysteryhombre81 3 жыл бұрын
Brilliant, like the way you explain it in both detailed and complicated but also simplified terms.
@americanborn6768
@americanborn6768 2 жыл бұрын
Clarity!! You, sir, are a gift to humanity 🎁
@ummekulsumjhuma9082
@ummekulsumjhuma9082 2 жыл бұрын
Best explanation of GR in history!
@user-lm7yx7wj5l
@user-lm7yx7wj5l 3 жыл бұрын
Finally a good animation with *deep in content and maths* about general relativity. BTW, I genuinely recommend the video series of Stanford university about general relativity for those of you who look for diving into the maths of the subject...
@lucasf.v.n.4197
@lucasf.v.n.4197 3 жыл бұрын
terrific; i wish these videos were longer; i'm no night owl but i could spend the whole evening watching this
@blacksunprison13
@blacksunprison13 3 жыл бұрын
This has been the most insightful video on GR that I have ever encountered. Thank you so much. This has helped me over a huge hurtle in my understanding of the topic.
@fizzwins5069
@fizzwins5069 2 жыл бұрын
This video is fking awesome. The best video i have ever seen about Christoffel symbols. Finally after months i can understand the meaning of christoffel symbols and how operate with them. Really really thanks for your time and dedication. Take all my fking money and please be happy, you deserve it.
@Krisoler
@Krisoler 3 жыл бұрын
This is a beautiful and clear explanation! Thank you!
@aleksanderboci9059
@aleksanderboci9059 3 жыл бұрын
The airplane example was beatiful, great explanation, hope this chanels skyrockets some day!
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks :)
@lucasrodriguesdesousasanto9659
@lucasrodriguesdesousasanto9659 3 жыл бұрын
Amazing. Please don't stop doing these videos!
@upquark31415
@upquark31415 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much for such clarity and crispness of the presentation.
@timurpryadilin8830
@timurpryadilin8830 3 жыл бұрын
Oh my god! The best series on GR I have ever saw!
@EiD248
@EiD248 3 жыл бұрын
I look forward to the next episode with great interest
@DanielPflager
@DanielPflager 3 жыл бұрын
Outstanding series.
@akhilanr1233
@akhilanr1233 3 жыл бұрын
The best explanation i have ever really found
@FrancescoBazzani
@FrancescoBazzani 3 жыл бұрын
Great explanation. Thank you! I spent some time to understand all the derivatives, but in the end it was clear!
@mami42g
@mami42g 3 жыл бұрын
I'm currently learning Tensor Calculus and this video is just perfect
@diptendumandal8354
@diptendumandal8354 10 ай бұрын
Just a physics enthusiast who has always been keen to learn relativity and man I deeply admire how awesome this content is. Great effort and skill. Kudos to you and thanks for making things so intuitive. 💯✨
@kennethmui88
@kennethmui88 3 жыл бұрын
Excellent visuals. I love your explanations. Keep them coming.
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks !
@breveennkukan3603
@breveennkukan3603 2 ай бұрын
Excellent explanation. Great series so far!!
@JohnDoe-oe8gm
@JohnDoe-oe8gm 3 жыл бұрын
Waiting for the next part. Well explained, luckily I still remember differential calculus and I can still follow.
@shadowmax889
@shadowmax889 Жыл бұрын
These series of videos are the best on the internet
@feynstein1004
@feynstein1004 3 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. Can't wait for more :)
@stevewhitt9109
@stevewhitt9109 2 жыл бұрын
VERY BEST vid on Geodesics with Christoffel Symbols and intuition! And I finally understand it :)
@navneetmishra3208
@navneetmishra3208 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for making such videos!
@tzaidi2349
@tzaidi2349 2 жыл бұрын
“Christoffel symbols measure the extent to which our coordinates deviate from straight lines along the grid”. Great freaking summary!
@DanSternofBeyer
@DanSternofBeyer 3 жыл бұрын
I didn't know that I needed every second of this video.
@stevelarry154
@stevelarry154 3 жыл бұрын
love this series on relativity
@EiD248
@EiD248 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the great effort
@hongsu4868
@hongsu4868 11 ай бұрын
Thank you very much! This video gave me a geometrical understanding of Christopher's connection.😊
@Daniel-rz8vy
@Daniel-rz8vy 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this video! When you finish the series, will you do a video where you use GR to calculate the motion of Mercury around the sun? It will be pretty awesome!
@ballofaraday3806
@ballofaraday3806 3 жыл бұрын
Eso estaría de lujo!!
@nawafspov1
@nawafspov1 3 жыл бұрын
quality content! Amazing series keep it up man!
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks !
@j1sh109
@j1sh109 2 жыл бұрын
Sir this is best explanation of gtr. Helps a lot to a beginner in gtr. Thank you for all the effort
@TheScienceCube
@TheScienceCube 3 жыл бұрын
Great graphics!
@FlowGD
@FlowGD 3 жыл бұрын
If you guys want to see the entire series, go on the normal ScienceClic channel, where the series is in full but in french. I found that using autotranslated captions works fine tho
@abdenourld8176
@abdenourld8176 3 жыл бұрын
Amazing video , thank you
@aasaimanis2137
@aasaimanis2137 3 жыл бұрын
3Blue1Brown of science ❤️❤️ Thank you guys
@mobilephil244
@mobilephil244 3 жыл бұрын
Brilliant explanation.
@maxprofane
@maxprofane 2 жыл бұрын
This is just amazing! Thank you so much.
@nickblogger5060
@nickblogger5060 3 жыл бұрын
just blown my mind away
@arnav257
@arnav257 3 жыл бұрын
Very intuitive, thank you!
@getuyerega3951
@getuyerega3951 3 жыл бұрын
brilliant Alessandro.
@CosmiaNebula
@CosmiaNebula 3 жыл бұрын
Wishlist for a future video: Introduction to gauge theory! From the perspective of gauge theory (basically *all* of modern field theory), the coordinate system is a gauge. Christoffel symbols are used to make derivatives gauge-invariant. That is, covariant derivatives. So once gauge theory is understood, Christoffel symbols are easy. But how to introduce gauge theory? I recommend an analogy by finance. It is very amenable for visualization! See www.amazon.com/Physics-Finance-introduction-fundamental-interactions/dp/1795882417/ or arxiv.org/abs/1410.6753
@thomasruddy183
@thomasruddy183 3 жыл бұрын
Brilliant. Thank you.
@lamequemaciel6412
@lamequemaciel6412 3 жыл бұрын
Well done! ♡
@omaralhafez5014
@omaralhafez5014 3 жыл бұрын
I feel like the general relativity is really convenient after this nice interpretation and explanations
@particularminer260
@particularminer260 3 жыл бұрын
Well done!
@AtheismLeadsToIrrationality
@AtheismLeadsToIrrationality Жыл бұрын
Absolutely beautiful
@konradschulz7567
@konradschulz7567 3 жыл бұрын
Can you please wait Ill have to watch every other part quick
@yvemsamtaxfree4695
@yvemsamtaxfree4695 3 жыл бұрын
MARAVILLOSO GRACIAS POR EL APORTE
@carpcarpbread
@carpcarpbread 3 жыл бұрын
I absolutely love how you are explaining things, but I have a question at 4:47 or so. After substituting in the derivative of the alpha'th basis with respect to proper time(which itself took me fifteen rewinds to understand), e_gamma and e_alpha seem to cancel each other out. How is this possible? Isn't gamma a variable used for Einstein notation with the one in the Christoffel symbol? A little bit of extra explanation will be incredibly helpful. Again, I love your explaining methods.
@jezer8325
@jezer8325 2 жыл бұрын
I struggled a bit there too. But I think it makes sense. There’s no reason we can’t relabel gamma, alpha, and beta to alpha, mu, and, nu respectively since we’re expanding them out anyway (it’s not like there’s any significance to alpha appearing in both the left and right side). If you accept that, then it’s a matter of accepting that if two vectors are equal, then their components are equal too. Helps to recognize that the basis vectors are linearly independent since they form a basis
@onit996
@onit996 3 жыл бұрын
Aand now it's getting tricky ^^
@GreyWind
@GreyWind 3 жыл бұрын
Very instructive, some of the maths are unexplained such as the swapping of indices.
@NeedsEvidence
@NeedsEvidence 2 жыл бұрын
Outstanding...
@zachary007
@zachary007 3 жыл бұрын
awesome vids
@seventyfive7597
@seventyfive7597 3 ай бұрын
This is a great video for someone who knows GR and seeks a refresher. But obviously it will confuse people new to the field as it glosses over so much intuition
@SjN7HETIK
@SjN7HETIK Жыл бұрын
U born to teach 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
@goddessservant6669
@goddessservant6669 3 жыл бұрын
The best explanation of what the Christ awful symbols Are!
@TensorCalculusRobertDavie
@TensorCalculusRobertDavie 3 жыл бұрын
Beautiful!
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you ! Love your videos by the way !
@TensorCalculusRobertDavie
@TensorCalculusRobertDavie 3 жыл бұрын
@@ScienceClicEN Cheers!
@ManojChoudhury99
@ManojChoudhury99 3 жыл бұрын
That's very simple way to explain the most complex piece
@julianfogel5635
@julianfogel5635 Жыл бұрын
Two questions: 1) Is it correct to say that the Christoffel symbols describe how the grid is distorted relative to a flat Cartesian grid of the same dimension? 2) Does the distorted grid look identical to all observers or do different observers use different grids?
@jarogniewborkowski5284
@jarogniewborkowski5284 3 жыл бұрын
Perfect 👌
@Y4WN
@Y4WN 2 жыл бұрын
This is good knowledge! Hard knowledge to apply in a formula! but good knowledge!
@ritemolawbks8012
@ritemolawbks8012 2 жыл бұрын
If it helps, it's just the relativistic or curved spacetime analog of Newton's First Law/Law of inertia for flat spacetime.
@hungryformusik
@hungryformusik 3 жыл бұрын
Fantastic
@probangogoi5515
@probangogoi5515 3 жыл бұрын
Sir.... very eager to know..... How do u get so deep mathematically..... It's appreciable.....
@HamIAm
@HamIAm 3 жыл бұрын
My favorite physics channel along with PBS Spacetime.
@ChemistryN3rd
@ChemistryN3rd 3 ай бұрын
hey man, your videos let people like me a 13 year old understand, thanks for that
@ClosiusBeg
@ClosiusBeg 3 жыл бұрын
Great work! Didn't quite understand the last sentence at 6:59. Did you measure the thickness of the line?
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks! The "vertical" component of the vector (which here is almost zero which is why it seems we measure the thickness)
@ussr3225
@ussr3225 3 жыл бұрын
This was a little bit hard to understand, but explanation was damn great comrade
@joeeeee8738
@joeeeee8738 3 жыл бұрын
Awesome videos, which tool do you use to make them?
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks ! I animate the videos on After Effects
@richardfeynman651
@richardfeynman651 2 жыл бұрын
It's really awesome,,... Even I 11 grade can understand this complex eq partially.
@fiddleronthenet3360
@fiddleronthenet3360 2 жыл бұрын
Can you please explain what happened at 4:44? Why did you change the variable names, and why/how did the basis vectors disappear? Especially, how did the upper index of the Christoffel symbol change from gamma to alpha?
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 2 жыл бұрын
We rename the indices on the right such that the basis vectors match on both sides (with index alpha), and then we project the equation onto the basis vector (we consider only the alpha component of the vectors on both sides)
@dpkloos
@dpkloos 3 жыл бұрын
Awesome! What’s the name of the soundtrack? Its equally awesome!
@ScienceClicEN
@ScienceClicEN 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks ! It's a personal creation you can find it on my SoundCloud : soundcloud.com/aroussel
@dpkloos
@dpkloos 3 жыл бұрын
@@ScienceClicEN cool, thanks a lot
The Maths of General Relativity (4/8) - Metric tensor
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