Completely unrelated question. What was the event that preceded and Started the Viking era. Hypothesis, the development, or introduction of improved farming methods, AND the adaptation of Braccia to these improved farming practices increased the population density and the specialization of skills to lead to both the Long ship, iron and navigation.

@@CaucAsianSasquatch Charlemagne colonizing & christianization. See danish kings Sigfred and Gudfred.

Just got the audiobook for book one of the gods of bronze …. This channel is what convinced me …. I really look forward to them. As an aside …. Have a look at the band Heilung and what they bring to life of the Bronze Age (and they play the U.K. in Dec !!)

The Iberian warrior stela again ownership. Why bury it? Change of ownership?

Can you do the 'handbags' please? I'd like to see what you can find out abut these things. They are in the hands of so many different cultures from around the world they deserve more attention.

Yeah this is why I set my novel series in the Bronze Age.

Conan was originally based in an analogue of Post bronze age collapse Europe. I love this era as well. I've started writing a novel set in the Bronze Age Collapse and focused on Egypt and Mycenae as major players with my main characters being Sea Peoples.

The Riddle of steel. Steel as in Conan age is highly priced. As its setting is in the end of bronze age. Funny enough, the blacksmith society approve this "Riddle of steel" as a part of actual history. Since the first gen of blacksmith, due their limited metalurgy knowledge, wondered why some irons are more shiny and hard than the other.

@@jonpaul3868 steel didn't come about in Europe until the late middle Ages or the early Industrial Revolution. Blacksmiths couldn't get they're forges hot enough to melt iron until this period, that's why they hit the hot iron with a hammer, to beat out the impurities. The Japanese accidently discovered how to make steel around 1,000 AD by their method of melting the iron and it fell into the carbon rich charcoal. Steel is made by mixing carbon into the iron, something that was unknown to the West until the industrial Revolution introduced cast iron smelting processes using giant sized crucibles where they first were able to melt iron.

@@3rdeye671 i believe there are some findings of ancient steel from before 1750AD. Mainly in Anatolia, India and China. But yes the knowledge and capabilities for making steel were not really present or known before the industrial revolution. Perhaps made rarely by a secluded grandmaster or by accident. Maybe it was a close guarded secret like Greek fire or Roman concrete that was lost in time.

It is simply how fashion works and spreads through commerce and tourism. It works like that today and it has been working like that for ages. One example of this is how jeans fashion has spread through the entire world thanks to commerce and globalization. Before the 50s the world was divided into how men and women used to dress. Men and women in the Middle East and other undeveloped countries at the time dressed differently than people in the United States. When jeans started to come in the 60s and 70s the fashion spread first in the United States and then to other parts of the world until using jeans became a common use of clothing for both men and women in the entire world no matter where you go. Even in Africa using jeans is the common standard of casual clothing today. Perhaps in the Bronze Age using bronzed horned helmets was the standard of military armor for all soldiers in most civilizations in the Bronze Age. Is like today's soldiers clothing. Is practically the same-looking clothing in every part of the world no matter how developed or underdeveloped the country is. And this also applies to weaponry and technology overall. Almost all country's armies today have tanks, jets, and all sorts of heavy artillery thanks to global commerce.

@@karonga629 The only part I'll object is your stance on how widespread the technologies of those times are. Although people did trade from half the world away at that time, most are still independent and/or self-sufficient (unless you're include the times of famine) and hence although some may import bronze armors and weaponry, it will not look the same unless it is make with a specific function in mind.

@@ghostagent3552 Trust me when I say that civilizations were way more economically connected than you think. One kingdom may have provided food for another kingdom that didnt produce food at all. That type of import - export exchange.

@@karonga629 Like I said, I'm opposing your stance on it being "the same-looking", I didn't say that they weren't economically connected in a major way.

Let's all agree on, "Levi's & Strauss" smashed it, & showed the world how to bring, sexy back, yeah! With how ideas are shared worldwide...think quantum entanglement, true story. 🧐🤯 "...There is nothing new under the sun..." Hermes/ Thoth

What are you talking about, the Paleozoic always seemed to be THE go-to when I was growing up.

Fun fact: more treasure has been found from bronze age Scandinavia than viking age Scandinavia by a lot

Mesolitic, before, we merely know how to do a axe or a spear, after we have basicaly neolitic technology without harvests

Check out the Cucuteni Tripillia culture of the Balkans, source of the Thracians, Pelasgians, Gauls, Phrygians, Sintians and Phoenicians, aka Celts. Oldest civilisation on earth, at least 8000 years old, and connected to the Zodiac, all the Major Religions, Gobekli Tepe, and Stonehenge, along with ties to North American Tribes such as the Algonquin, Adena, Maya, and Aztecs

What do you mean by "underrated, underrepresentated and overshadowed? Never heard of The Old Testament, The Iliad or the Egyptian Kings? Bronze Age has probably been more studied and popular than any other historic era. It is probably so common that you don't react when you hear it referenced. I think it's just the opposite. Now we start to get a bit about other periods and because it has always been about Egypt, Greece and middle east it seems overwhelming, though it's really still very little in comparison.

Wow

Wonder if there were some ancient brother-explorers that were told as history until became myth? 🤔 Something to think about anyway

Mayan mythology has a very similar story too. It’s probably a myth common to almost all human groups

They won't teach you the real deal in collages just create sheep to say the same garbage they already said so people don't find out the people they trust know nothing.

Thank you and I'm glad to hear it but I wouldn't say it is "very detailed" would you? We have a lot of ground to cover! I intend to make follow up videos focusing on specific aspects - let me know what you would like more info on. Cheers.

@@DanDavisHistory Perhaps I chose the word poorly. I was thinking of how the other videos I've seen, they kind of brush through the horned helmets really quickly. Whereas you took the time to bring up the different cultures and sites that had horned helmets. Still, I do look forward to those follow up videos.

@Ravens that Fly with the Nightmare Eyes thank you.

@@DanDavisHistory More detail than most can muster good sir.

Yeah I've read that. I'll make videos about the collapse at a later date.

Saw from another KZfaq channel that the gods in ancient Sumerian we're the only ones at that time with horned helmets.

@@YOGITHABEARv2 If only the video that you are commenting on would dispel that rumor.

Eric Cline has many great books, that one is a great read. The Sherden were indeed major players in the collapse. They were involved in many major battles of the era including Kadesh and both Egyptian invasions around 30 years apart. So they remained a power to be reckoned with for at least 3/4 a century. I'm pretty sure that by the wording at Medinet Habu, the Sherden were decidedly dealt with by the Egyptians after 1178 though.

Thera Eruption

I've seen a few of the stelae in the museums of Extremadura and western Andalusia. I attended a lecture on the copper-age Valencina mega-site last year at the Museo Arqueológico Nacional in Madrid last year, and I visited the Tarteso exhibition in Alcalá de Henares last month.

Yes and actually Herakles in Greek myth had a mortal twin brother.

@@DanDavisHistory Wow, twins again. Like Romulus and Remus and the Hero Twins of Meso-American religions. Twins must have been good luck for parents in these cultures.

@@madderhat5852 twins were usually considered a bad omen, as it is an unnatural birth.

😳😮! Fascinating. And I’m a twin

Twins would have been a somewhat dangerous event. Even with single births, there was a high death rate. Plenty of religious rituals around birth. They’ve found a woman who died giving birth to triplets in a grace in England during the Roman occupation. I wonder if the Godborn/mortal born has anything to do with which one came our first. And then the second. Jacob and Esau also famous twins.

Thank you. Yeah they're amazing. Some of the reconstructions look like a cross between an Iron Age Scottish broch and a medieval castle.

@@DanDavisHistory You've got me thinking and maybe believing experience and memory can be transferred genetically. What a lovely word "Broch"

@@DanDavisHistory and thanks for giving me a great idea. now i'm going to build a broch beehive!

My comment most probably sounded like spam and got removed apparently, a weird spam about sardinian communities lmao

in Balearic Islands its exist the same structures, calleds Talayots, they were the same people in ancient times

Thank you very much! I certainly wouldn't want anyone to support on patreon unless they can easily spare it. It's also great when people support by sharing the videos with their friends and on social media, that makes a huge difference. Cheers.

I wish I could financially support too cos, same (you said it a bit better than I could've, however!!)

I'm from the future and I hate to tell you guys but...

@@Vicus_of_Utrecht this legit just reminded me to do this so I did haha

Yes indeed.

It's a representation of Venus in the Morning and the evening

According to prof Garrett Olmsted, the god on the Gundestrup Cauldron is Cu Chulain from Irish Myth. The cauldron being brought up from Thrace perhaps, being made for the Celtic patron/tribe who had their version of the Tain Myth. Yes the stag itself is linked with the sun. But the horns on the head are representational of the rescent shape of the inner planets - Venus and mercury, and the moon. According to him, on the cauldron the god is a representation of the planet mercury at night, and the cauldron as a whole is depicting scenes from the Irish Tain myth. One can trace these motifs and myth sources all over the Info European world, along the trade routes and even back to Sumeria

I've wondered about that myself and I think that a bronze sword would be damaged by the horns on a helmet before it made a direct hit but when iron was invented it wasn't as easily damaged so the horns fell out of favor but I could be wrong who knows

​@@missourimongoose7643 I think it is wrong to assume that every item used in warfare was 100% practical. These were deeply spiritual and superstitious people who had a deep culture, full of symbols and meanings. We know that some Norse Warriors called berserkers and Úlfhéðnar would enter battle dressed as Animals. From a purely utilitarian standpoint this has no benefit in battle. But from a psychological and mythic standpoint it might have helped to embolden the warrior and to frighten his opponent. I would think that Horned helmets were more about psychological advantage, likely holding mythic/spiritual symbolism as well. I think the lack of iron age horned helmets might be more to do with preservation. Iron is far more perishable and unlikely to survive. Maybe an iron version of the the Waterloo helmet existed but corroded to dust.

Yes that is certainly plausible. There is a theory that the Mycenean "wanax" was the high king, a semi-divine or at least holy leader and there was a "lawagetas" who was the royal war leader. Proponents of this theory suggest something similar (or indeed the same) is seen in Nordic BA society. It's been argued that the hooked "beak" at the front of the Vekso helms and the Fogdarp horse yoke twin figures is also another expression of the axe symbol. The twin figures from Zealand (as seen in the drawing) each originally held a ritual axe - more double axes. All this will require another video of course but it's fascinating.

@@DanDavisHistory There is also the undecided position of the Basilius in pre Archaic Greek society. Later Greeks used it in their government structure but it was a very old word for Tribal chief and essentially filled the same role as Wanax.

The labrus is a Sextant, for noting the positions of stars for the purposes of navigation, put on the ground the Fixed angle between the hilt and the back edge of the blade gives an azimuth for whatever major star is at that point, giving the user the information needed to determine the direction of travel. They're also found in North America at the same time as red ochre burials, the oldest graves in Nth America around 4000 -2000 BC

Warriors wouldn't be wearing horned helmets in actual battle though.

@@Cobbido why not? The Greek hoplites & Roman officers had plumed crests on their helmets going into battle. The depictions of the Sea Peoples shows them arriving or in battle wearing their horned helmets. Do you think these Horned helmets would be removed and they went without head protection into battle? Where would they stack all the helmets, in a little pile while their enemies waited for them to be properly attired, like wearing a hat at the dinner table, do you think it would be bad manners to wear into battle? Most battles were shield wall to shield wall or phalanx to phalanx so the horns may offer protection to sideways aimed sword swings, but most of the danger lay in the groin/thigh region where a thrust would cut the main artery and the victim bleed to death in less than a minute.

Poles have proven their heroism. Much respect.

@@SchoolforHackers Thankfully my ancestors (from my knowledge) did not have to prove their heroism in a way the others had to, thanks to luck. We don't have many tragic/heroic (in polish culture one often implies the other) stories in our family.

@@hubertk7363 May it always be so! 🤞

The impractical-argument falls through on all levels as soon as one observes humans being human. The Japanese wore Sashimono, grenadiers of all nations huge bearskin caps and everyone with a shiny helmet put a plume or a crest on it whether they fought at the walls of Troy or the fields of Waterloo. When it comes to cool vs practical, cool always wins, just look at the Bersaglieri who rolled up in Afghanistan still wearing black feather plumes on their kevlar helmets.

In a sword battle no one is trying to grab anyone's helmet

@@uncannyvalley2350 True, although by medieval times the helmet was a target for shield slams and hitting with the pommel of the sword. Not sure about antiquity though.

I see a problem with that logic. Firstly, beliefs - in gods, magic (hate to break it to you, but the world rulers are occultists. Don't believe me? Check their secret frats. Skull and Bones is not for you or I.) Is mostly a matter of culture and basically morale. Morale is VITAL. No spirit, no fight. Sure, you can disbelieve in magic but unless you are Crom style, you *at minimal* would acknowledge the shamanism of the era. Like.. you can call BS on the Sea God but you would not be let on any Nature fearing crew's ship, I imagine. These taboos persist to today. The initiation of crossing the equator is still a drag pangent on the ship, with women rarely allowed. My emphasis being, you'd be ridiculed if you didn't adopt or respect at least, one Cult or another. They all existed on natural principles. You can't deny the Sun, moon, wind or stars exist. The sea or seasons. Now, I had a funny thought due to the lack of field testing. How does anyone know these helmets weren't maybe, back heavy? They spent potentially millennia using and homing them. We've had modern tech for a century or less. Most haven't tried on current era war gear. What if the horns better balance the helmet, hm? Short horns are more reasonable. Wilder minded men may even know, surprise, how to use them in battle. Like goring opponents, and knocking attacks away, as animals do. You have to think like them, not like now. They also favor spears and axes, which can catch a horn or lob one off. If you get past the shield. Again, my issue to you and others is if you think believing in God is impractical; there are no atheists in fox holes. What is impractical in a cushy life has no bearing on what is essential to survive, say, a multi year siege that spills over into a military migration. Otherwise most things are impractical. Why start a family if you were to be adrift after sacking a Troy or Egypt? The question itself hinges on a mind set. It's either practical to have progeny and a homeland or it's practical to drown yourself at sea to avoid hardships and society imposed responsibilities. To a Stoic, the entire war effort is impractical. Try saying that to a Spartan, they practiced practicality with a survival of the fittest mind set. Personally I find it a bit offensive people insist being materialistic is the same as being practical. Being spiritual is practical in all but the most carefree of times, and people with little to no ethical, moral bearing tend to bring the most inhumane times to humanity. Like, seriously, mainstream BS or not, learn from history especially recent history. That includes Ms Mermaid and Starbucks. America uses Roman symbology that should have died out back in the days of the Normans. I'm 'talking' to you through a black mirror. Literally. The thing is magic exists in the realm of energetic happenings free of tools. Technology is based on tools, and how to use them or other skills. Not for nothing but I once pointed at an annoying fly, with a stern intention, and it dropped dead. In the middle of a DnD game. Middle of the table. And Quantum Sciences actually explain how and why that is possible. Mind over matter, my dude. Placebos cure some people too. Should look into resonance and how to levitate matter by frequency, such as the stone gardens. The person who cries sorcery is more ignorant than the one who can break glass with their voice, because only one of them understands the reality of the causality.

@@jairoukagiri2488 CERN. hi-tech alchemy.

Thank you, great to hear it! Yes it's an amazing site. There is so much more to say about the Nordic Bronze Age, I will certainly make more videos about it.

I tend to lean on such explanation as well. Ancient cultures had strong need to display status through material objects. Just take romans for example displaying their role in political or state organisation by wearing different styles of fibulae or decorated belts each giving a kind of "rank" for everybody to see at first sight.

​@@johannkunstel The differing crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt come to mind, also.

I think you are right. What you said is well depicted into omeric poems.

Awesome. Thank you.

Bro me too such a coincidence, i got this on recommended

Yes indeed.

The second that I saw that I thought immediately of the brochs as well. The time period makes a connection not beyond the realms of possibility.

If the Egyptians made the Sherden as if nothing, emptying their lands and enslaving their persons... then its possible that some Sherden, if they were from Sardinia, escaped into the Atlantic Bronze Age Complex which they no doubt traded with.

Did not the first Spartans come in to the area from somewhere else? Perhaps from somewhere further north?

Curwen, is that you?

@@alexanderren1097 No

@@vanrensburgsgesicht4048 Yeah good point. You're post is too short

Awesome! Good luck, hope it goes well.

@@DanDavisHistory Thanks :)

Thanks Alastair. That's what I've always aimed to do with my fiction - glad I can achieve similar with video too. Cheers.

😂😂😂😂😂, you are not alone

Thank you very much, Olina.

Thank you, I appreciate it.

Thank you very much.

I know it worked this way for the ancient Irish. The Otherworld associated with the afterlife was viewed as being under the ocean and was generally associated with water.

Some of them are phalluses yes.

Thank you. Okay I will see what I can do.

@@DanDavisHistory Thank you Dan!

Thank you very much, I appreciate it.

Bronze is mix of copper and tin. Sources for these two metals are so far away from each other, bronze age could not exist without trade routes for them. Bronze age world was very connected.

Thanks Geoff, appreciate it.

Also archeologist are scratching their heads why the items were not made out of irish gold considering the mines on the doorstep.The same for continental items.

Yes it was a very visually appealing map. Thank you for the translations.

@@DanDavisHistory Thank you for the great video. It's fascinating how the pre-collapse Bronze Age civilizations were interconnected. Although it only makes it harder to discern which cultural features were inherited through common Indoeuropean descent, and which were borrowed via trade/war etc. or developed independently.

I don't think the horned helmets was an mistake done by archeologist, more a mistake done by artists. If you look at an artist work, you will be able to date the style quite well. I don't think the artists intentions was to accurate make a picture of an event, but rather make a picture wich engaged the viewer. Horns on a helmet is quite spectacular, so why not use it? And since we all copy each other, you only need one source to start a trend.

Thanks!

Thank you Jeffrey.

Good point

I can see horn length and arrangement, or lack of horns, indicating rank too

I wonder what hitting one of those horns with a bronze sword would do to it?

@@missourimongoose7643 Said every experimental archeologists.

Helmets were mainly used for protection from projectiles like arrows but mainly against sling shots. Most battles were phalanx to phalanx and it was impractical to strike at the head as this upset the cohesion of swiping out with your shield and thrusting to your diagonal opponents, aiming for the groin, upper thigh where the main artery is and if cut you bleed to death in about a minute. Thrusting to the head wasn't practical as it wasn't as easy to kill or disable your opposite enemy. Also swinging a sword in an arc was too hard due to the compactness and tight formation required for fighting in phalanx or shield wall formation.

In WW1 and WW2 and even today soldiers still wear helmets even though a bullet easily penetrates the thin steel. They mainly worn to protect against shrapnel from exploding bombs. I've often wondered why thick iron shields aren't used in modern warfare, even though soldiers are given helmets which don't stop a bullet, a few men could carry a wide thick iron shield forward and plant it in the ground and form some protection for men to run up to and hide behind. They would be very advantageous in seaborne beach assaults like the D-day Normandy invasions. The Victoria, Australia bushranger Ned Kelly who wore a full suit and helmet of cast iron, the only way that 20 men could bring him down was by aiming at his unprotected lower legs. Makes you wonder why this type of protection in the form of a large shield is not employed to support beach assaults where there is no land formations to offer protection, soldiers get cut down in there 1,000's trying to get a few yards up the open beach head. Same in WW1 coming out of the trenches, whole brigades were gunned down no more than a few yards beyond the trench. Makes you wonder why they persisted in this tactic for several years when millions were slaughtered without any gain in territory. A heavy iron shield carried by three men may have got halfway or further and it's such a simple solution. But maybe they wanted to cull the population instead.

The “Etruscans” (or rather, their political power) came to Corsica long after (600-500 bc) the Bronze Age and didn’t properly stretch (The Etruscans were in the eastern part of the island) throughout the area of the Torrean civilization (Southern Corsica).

AFAIK the main argument against the idea of Vikings wearing horned helmets, is the fact that they didn't find any Viking horned helmets.

When the Scandinavian rock art was first being described by antiquarians they believed they had been created by Vikings. Also the chronology of prehistory was not clearly established when the Vekso helmets and bronze statuettes were discovered. So this might have influenced the modern cultural depictions of horned viking helmets in art and opera and so on.