The Patriarch of the Enlightenment | Voltaire - François-Marie Arouet (Champions of Reason)

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References:
1) Arkush, A. (1993). Voltaire on Judaism and Christianity. AJS Review, 18(2), 223-243.
2) Johnson, W. (1994). Voltaire after 300 Years. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 48(2), 215-220. Retrieved from JSTOR.
3) Kjørholt, I. (2014). Naturally free, politically unfree.: Voltaire’s Quakers and the modern discourse of human rights. In D. C. T., To Be Unfree: Republicanism and Unfreedom in History, Literature, and Philosophy (pp. 157-176). Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag.
4) Kors, A. C. (2013, August 7). Voltaire and the Triumph of the Enlightenment. (A. C. Kors, Performer) Audible: The Great Courses: Modern Philosophy.
6) Marques, J. O. (2005). The Paths of Providence: Voltaire and Rousseau on the Lisbon Earthquake. Cadernos de Historia e Filosofia da Ciencia. Campinas: CLE-Unicamp, Serie 3, v.15, n.1, jan-jun., 33-57.
6) Rasmussen, D. (2011). Burning Laws and Strangling Kings? Voltaire and Diderot on the Perils of Rationalism in Politics. The Review of Politics, 77-104.
7) Tallentyre, S. G. (2018). The Life of Voltaire. The Project Gutenberg.
8) Voltaire. (1918). Candide. NEW YORK: BONI & LIVERIGHT, INC.
9) Voltaire. (n.d.). The Lisbon Earthquake. Exported from Wikisource on February 26, 2021.
10) Voltaire, Treatise on toleration, retrieved 15/03/2021 from brians.wsu.edu/2016/11/04/vol..., Translated by Richard Hooker
11) Waterlot, G. (1996). Voltaire ou le fanatisme de la tolérance. Esprit (1940-), (224 (8/9)), 114-139.
12) Durant, W. (1926) The Story of Philosophy: www.math.hkust.edu.hk/~mamyan...
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Timestamps:
00:00 Supreme Power
01:41 Mordant Wit
04:23 Letters on the English
06:59 Châtelet
08:56 Star of the North
09:43 Epicurean Trilemma
12:43 Candide
15:56 Écrasez L'infâme
17:50 Patriarch of the Enlightenment
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#voltaire #enlightenment #atheism

Пікірлер: 550

@corwin32 3 жыл бұрын

My fave Voltaire story: on his deathbed, a priest asked him to forsake Satan. To which Voltaire said, “This is no time to be making new enemies”.

@henryginn7490 3 жыл бұрын

This is a very good story, but unfortunetly it is nothing more than that, it's not actually true. It says so on wikipedia or snopes or something

@fromeveryting29 3 жыл бұрын

@@henryginn7490 Too bad it's not true, but would it have come about because it illustrates his character accurately? Anyways, a great little story, haha.

@trorisk 3 жыл бұрын

My fave Voltaire story is in his correspondance with Emilie Du Châtelet when she said he should follow the principes he prescribs to other peoples. Like beeing tolerant.

@VaughanMcCue 3 жыл бұрын

@@henryginn7490 There were 501 eyewitnesses, 250 people, plus the man with one eye, so this fact is more believable than that other 500 eye witness myth.

@EatHoneyBeeHappy 3 жыл бұрын

I love that quote! My version is: "If God is going to send me to hell anyway for my thought crime of disbelief, I may as well enter on good terms with the fallen angel in charge of the place."

@logans.butler285 3 жыл бұрын

Voltaire once said, "If God didn't exist, it would be necessary to invent him" And that’s exactly what we did...

@tonyburton419 3 жыл бұрын

Or have done, in a multidude of ways for thousands of years.

@LeventeCzelnai 3 жыл бұрын

it s more like u believe we did.

@mikeoxsmal8022 3 жыл бұрын

@@LeventeCzelnai jeb bush is god

@CrazyLinguiniLegs 3 жыл бұрын

@@mikeoxsmal8022 and you are his prophet.

@Malentor 3 жыл бұрын

@@terryboot7777 media caused that. Bush was objectively worse, heck even Obama was responsible for more human death and suffering than Trump, but people ate up the narrative that he was the second coming of Hitler. Embarrassing.

@mattking8016 3 жыл бұрын

"If we necessitate perfection from the shoulders we stand upon, then we fall in perpetuity. To define those who made our lives possible by their shortcomings is a disservice as arrogant as it is ignorant. The primary reason we are so privileged to recognize the faults of our ancestors is because we are forever in their debt."

@lejlanuhanovic5700 3 жыл бұрын

This is one of the wisest things I have heard in a long time. I played it back a couple of times just to make sure I understand it well

@drpancake4103 3 жыл бұрын

Simply poetry

@captainhaddock6435 3 жыл бұрын

This is the best repudiation of today's dogmatically moralistic climate of cancel culture I've ever heard

@BriannadaSilva 3 жыл бұрын

Best part of the video. Fantastic quote.

@Atomik91400 3 жыл бұрын

@@drpancake4103 Indeed. It is as thought-provoking as it is poetic.

@richardbeaumont7960 3 жыл бұрын

Newton was a hero to Voltaire and they are both heroes to me.

@Axelortega 3 жыл бұрын

... And you are my hero. So everything tieds up.

@Mithrandir69 3 жыл бұрын

"If we necessitate perfection from the shoulders we stand upon, then we fall in perpetuity." Brilliant.

@hattruck8607 3 жыл бұрын

The enlightenment was one of the best events in world history

@alexbarcovsky4319 3 жыл бұрын

My theory is - as the world goes by, the progress, whether in science or philosophy, get faster, seemingly growing at an exponential scale - therefore it is necessary to adjust it to a logarithmic scale. When we do that, I think enlightenment is just a natural result of every other previous event. Similarly, when we finally arrive to mars, it will not be comparably the greatest event, if it is looked upen with the logarithmic adjustment I proposed. I think it his hard to pinpoint when the great shit happened, I would argue it might have to do something with religion, I dont know which ones tho.

@jungleismasiv4426 3 жыл бұрын

Sadly, the values it established are under attack by authoritarians and collectivists around the world - Chinese, British, American and Canadian. Class based guilt, race based guilt, and benevolent censorship are becoming increasingly common in your national discourses, and more recently, in your governments. Stand up, liberal.

@Matt-vh2ci 3 жыл бұрын

@@alexbarcovsky4319 I don't think you can find a formula that can explain the progress of humanity, history doesn't seem to follow an objective and it's all influenced by casualty, for example you would have to account for periods like the middle ages or bronze age collapse where progress slowed down.

@dr.floridamanphd 3 жыл бұрын

We need another period of enlightenment.

@ericanderson7346 3 жыл бұрын

@@jungleismasiv4426 Society’s current flirtation with fascism is of far more concern.

@StatedClearly 3 жыл бұрын

Great video! Sad it's not getting more views. I'll share it as far as my cartoon megaphone reaches!

@renlyspeach7622 3 жыл бұрын

This is, perhaps, your best video yet. Poetry on your part, too. Well done, sir.

@markopredovan9689 3 жыл бұрын

Agreed!

@qwerty_and_azerty 3 жыл бұрын

Interesting that this should be his best work when it contains no philosophical arguments, only historical references.

@xedasxedas 3 жыл бұрын

Perhaps....perhaps indeed.

@Anicius_ 2 жыл бұрын

Renly's peach .. i shall remember that peach until my dying day

@rationalityrules 3 жыл бұрын

Got a suggestion? Be sure to comment so below for others to up-vote. Up next is.... Bertrand Russell :)

@ScottDCS 3 жыл бұрын

I'm behind the ball on philosophy, but I vote for Thomas Paine.

@gunwantiramchandani5431 3 жыл бұрын

If u can find time to research about the caste system in India, may I suggest Dr. B.R.Ambedkar, an athiest who gave the "untouchables" (as they were called) representation in The Constitution of India (which he also helped make). If u can't it's ok. Love from India.

@antasprakash9305 3 жыл бұрын

Debunk body chakras and ayurveda as a better and more effective substitute of Modern medicine

@KillerOfWhales 3 жыл бұрын

Definitely an untraditional one, but Leo Tolstoy has terrific rational critiques of popular Christianity and secularism. Even if he always considered himself a Christian, he always worked to make that a reasonable declaration, and I think it would be quite fair to call him a Champion of Reason Edit: Not saying that he’s right about fundamentalism and atheism being equivalent, but his critiques of both are valuable and would be unique for this series

@laurenceleblond5296 3 жыл бұрын

Goethe

@berniculus 3 жыл бұрын

I gain an IQ point everytime I watch a video on this channel.

@YanniBG 3 жыл бұрын

Word.

@verecion 3 жыл бұрын

*Skyrim level sound*

@SqwarkParrotSpittingFeathers 3 жыл бұрын

That must be why I have an QI of 42.

@berniculus 3 жыл бұрын

@@SqwarkParrotSpittingFeathers mine was last measured at 144. However its because of being able to take the tests with abstract problems, and it does not reflect an ability to communicate ideas or debate.

@SqwarkParrotSpittingFeathers 3 жыл бұрын

@@berniculus I don't know how you are able to function in society without people taking the micky out of your hyper intelligence?

@austinstillwell 2 жыл бұрын

Amazing video! For the love of God, please disregard the relatively low viewing numbers and make more videos like this about historical figures you admire. Your deep love and admiration of Voltaire is felt throughout.

@LionKing-mv2uk 3 жыл бұрын

Voltaire is, and will forever ever be my only, my first man crush.

@DanLuxe 3 жыл бұрын

“With great power comes great responsibility.” - Voltaire

@aarimzubair1750 3 жыл бұрын

“Recited during the presidential election”

@VaughanMcCue Жыл бұрын

With great power comes great electricity bills.

@sam1812seal 3 жыл бұрын

Best literary burn ever - “it’s all for the best in the best of all possible worlds”. Once quoted by myself to my French boss while she was making me redundant 😂

@chucku00 3 жыл бұрын

"The best of all possible worlds" - Le meilleur des mondes - is also the French title of Aldous Huxley's book "Brave new world"... I don't know who translated this title but he obviously knew about Voltaire.

@Petey_Ouspensky Жыл бұрын

I've just learned that Huxley lifted it from Shakespeare's The Tempest. There's also a cool scene in Time After Time where Malcolm MacDowell quotes it ( generally quite a fab movie, all round ).

@justbarks 3 жыл бұрын

Wow, Portugal, just happy that a bit of my country's history is mentioned.

@bhibhas9433 3 жыл бұрын

it was catalytic

@fromeveryting29 3 жыл бұрын

Portugal is no small deal in European history, you are noticed :)

@richardbradley1532 3 жыл бұрын

A fab country with lovely people. Also, safest country in the World? From memory but high up there.

@JustN0tMe 3 жыл бұрын

Why do I hear A Portuguesa👀

@pyromusicman21 3 жыл бұрын

My new favorite single line quote of yours by a long shot - "if we necessitate perfection from the shoulders upon which we stand, we fall in perpetuity." Thanks for another great video!

@KevinsDisobedience 2 жыл бұрын

My favorite Voltaire quote: “God, if there is a God, save my soul if I have a soul.”

@louithrottler 3 жыл бұрын

Voltaire once said "how many times have i told you, keep the fucking receipts!" - we can all learn from that.

@MatthewCaunsfield 3 жыл бұрын

Great start to a fab new series. I'm embarrassed by how little I knew about this man!

@castlesandcuriosities 3 жыл бұрын

A historic Frenchman who liked the English. Pretty hard to come by one of those.

@sam1812seal 3 жыл бұрын

A Frenchman of any era who is liked by the English is possibly even rarer...

@castlesandcuriosities 3 жыл бұрын

@@sam1812seal haha, perhaps you're right. Our History leads to a rivalry that often won't let us admit to many we like. A couple do come straight to my mind though, with Louis Bleriot and Charles de Gaulle.

@sam1812seal 3 жыл бұрын

@@castlesandcuriosities Bleriot I can go with but not so sure about de Gaulle. My grandfather was a British army officer and head of the free French (RF) section of SOE. By all accounts a lot of his work was just trying to keep the peace between the British and de Gaulle against a backdrop of mutual suspicion and contempt.

@castlesandcuriosities 3 жыл бұрын

@@sam1812seal de Gaulle had good reason to be antagonistic with us. Churchill made a number of choices, early in the war, choices that, necessary as they may have been, resulted in a lot of French deaths. Mers el Kebir is one that I've been looking into lately, that he sucked it up and worked with us is worthy of my respect.

@alexisbelfer7881 3 жыл бұрын

@@castlesandcuriosities i see you are well informed. I am french, and indeed, it is very informative to look at each other narrative (the advantage of not being the international language by losing the 9 years war, so i can easily see both), as differents details are emphasized, and we know for sure that De gaulle had much trouble with churchill, not counting on each other, and even more with Roosevelt, who thought he was a military dictateur and didn't even recognized him and spoke to petain instead; but lots of argument between churchill and De gaulle and only reason it still worked was their mututal despair of winning the war. But yes, this bombarding of our fleet without any warnings and deaths is felt like a really nasty move by a lot of national frenchman that still remember, and as why they call you the "perfide albion"

@neilmcginn9526 3 жыл бұрын

Brilliant video for a brilliant human being.

@miikavuorio6925 3 жыл бұрын

I know you'll never see this, but I must say this is the best video you've ever made. Really informative, entertaining and inspiring. Thank you

@rationalityrules 3 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Tech : )

@Anicius_ 3 жыл бұрын

Your nature is to do harm, mine is to love truth.. And to make it public in spite of you. - Voltaire, Philosophical dictionary

@daxwell5640 3 жыл бұрын

"Je possède une dignité et une puissance que l'ignorance et la crédulité ont fondées ; je marche sur les têtes des hommes prosternés à mes pieds : s'ils se relèvent et me regardent en face, je suis perdu ; il faut donc les tenir attachés à la terre avec des chaînes de fer." La citation la plus brillante de son dictionnaire philosophique

@danzo1711 3 жыл бұрын

Here's a great quote from Voltaire, "What is faith? Is it to believe that which is evident? No. It is perfectly evident to my mind that there exists a necessary, eternal, supreme, and intelligent being. This is no matter of faith, but of reason."

@biggerdoofus 3 жыл бұрын

I think it's more in line with Voltaire's teaching to cite where that was from, so that the actual point of that quote can be looked up more easily. It's the opening passage from the article "Faith" (section 1) from the A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 4, which is freely available on Project Gutenburg. And there's a lot more to read.

@danzo1711 3 жыл бұрын

@@biggerdoofus Obviously Voltaire didn't believe in religion, he was a deist.

@davidecarlassara8525 3 жыл бұрын

The Candide Operetta by Bernstein is just wonderful. Thanks for including it

@chucku00 3 жыл бұрын

The famous Candide quote 'the best of all possible worlds' gave birth to the French title of Aldous Huxley's book 'Brave new world' - 'Le meilleur des mondes'. I bet Voltaire would have appreciate the filiation, even if I can't find any loophole to win my bet every time.

@florencegielen5640 3 жыл бұрын

My father lives in Paris near the Panthéon, where Voltaire is buried, alongside Mary and Pierre Curie, Victor Hugo and Rousseau, to name a few. It’s a great monument to modern thought and enlightenment, and my favorite place in the city

@trorisk 3 жыл бұрын

fun fact Voltaire and Rousseau hated each other. Voltaire tried to have Rousseau killed. And their statues are face to face for eternity. If Voltaire knew it, he’d be mad xD

@FORSIGHTPARADIGM 3 жыл бұрын

I'd love to take a trip to Paris just for the history. I'd really love to see d"Holbach's salon.

@FORSIGHTPARADIGM 3 жыл бұрын

@@trorisk Rousseau hated everyone and everyone came to hate him, he was deeply paranoid and erratic.

@florencegielen5640 3 жыл бұрын

@@trorisk did not know that! That’s hilarious! I’ll pay attention to that next time I’m there.

@trorisk 3 жыл бұрын

@@FORSIGHTPARADIGM *Voltaire hated everyone /fixed Rousseau may be paranoid but he really had a lots of powerfull ennemis. 4 countries' police of Europe were after him... he had some reasons for beeing paranoid.

@lucasdeaver9192 7 ай бұрын

"If we necessitate perfection from the shoulders we stand upon. We fall in perpetuity." Voltaire would be proud of you for that line.

@TerenceClark 3 жыл бұрын

Excellent series! I'm just beginning to read some of the works of the great philosophers. Voltaire has certainly moved his way up the reading list.

@oliverfoldager291 3 жыл бұрын

As always, an absolutly awsome video! Thank you.

@jdirty191 3 жыл бұрын

This is by far the best video you have made that I have seen!! Well done sir!

@ivanharlokin 3 жыл бұрын

Could the advice in Candide to "cultivate a garden" also be an allusion to Epicurus' school?

@tonyburton419 3 жыл бұрын

Educative and informative. Yes, the last part of acceptance for those of historical importance who were at the start of the enlightenment had some "flaws" in their attitudes, set within the social cultural context they lived is necessary to acknowledge.

@ProperZen 3 жыл бұрын

Great video Stephen! Loved the strong narrative, the graphics package and the clear separation of “the story” and your own insights. Great to see you pushing and evolving your approach to communicating your ideas.

@tonyburton419 3 жыл бұрын

Agreed - very nicely described.

@rithulaebrahim9463 3 жыл бұрын

This is the best video I've seen from Rationality Rules! Coming from someone who has watched and re-watched all of his videos....Loved this series❤️

@AnaPaula-um8rh 3 жыл бұрын

Great video! Voltaire is definitely my favorite author from the enlightment

@randellmathews5961 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much for this video!! . It’s at the top of my favorites!!

@Marcaunon 3 жыл бұрын

It is really awesome to see you covering some of these philosophers from history!

@dechskaison2497 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you for this. I appreciate Voltaire even more, now.

@markopredovan9689 3 жыл бұрын

What a great video Stephen! The ending was so powerful.

@MrGustavier 3 жыл бұрын

excellent work, and I apreciate the fact that you included a few minutes at the end for a critique of voltaire, but I would have liked a bit more, not on his shortcomings like antisemitism or sexism or lack of "wokeness", but at the philosophical level, for example, voltaire was one of the first intellectuals to notice the "testament" from Jean Meslier, which was extremely modern for its time, defending something close to modern atheism, and 19th century socialism. But in giving visibility to the testament, he altered the text, to make it align more to his own deism. Voltaire is sometimes thought to have been more interested in form than content, to be more of a sophist than philosopher, and for being ready to do a lot for fame, like redaction or emendation.

@markheitz7963 3 жыл бұрын

Must congratulate you for bringing this man's life to the masses. Can we really go forward without looking backwards first

@geshtu1760 3 жыл бұрын

Amazing and inspirational video. Loved every second of it. Thank you!

@originalhazelgreene 3 жыл бұрын

Nicely done. Thank you for your efforts. Looking forward to the next installment. ❤👍

@lumbratile4174 3 жыл бұрын

LMAO The consecratet host when cannibalism is cited - I'm dying

@LuxuryLenoxLuditoryLuthorLob 3 жыл бұрын

It annoys me that this channel is so underrated

@benbell9170 3 жыл бұрын

Bravo sir! I really appreciate your effort to make this great work! that was one of the best videos I've seen in a while, specially when the Enlightenment seem to be under attack from all sides... Keep the good work, sir!

@stefanetienney8351 3 жыл бұрын

To this day, the pub in Ferney-Voltaire (town near where I live, named after him since he lived there) is called Le Patriarche. Great man.

@i8dacookies890 3 жыл бұрын

Commenting to boost this in the algorithm.👍

@lad4694 3 жыл бұрын

Very lovely production. Thanks

@joed1950 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you Stephan, excellent commentary and synopsis.

@pbinnj3250 Жыл бұрын

I needed this video so badly. Thank you.

@mauriciocomesana1272 3 жыл бұрын

Stephen this was an excellent video! Thank you for this piece of work!

@timothymulholland7905 3 жыл бұрын

Congratulations! This is very well done. Give us more!

@kidus5431 3 жыл бұрын

About damn time. Keep up the great work.

@Max-jf5vu 3 жыл бұрын

Amazing video! Polished and detailed! To be honest, I've only just been learning about this stuff at university, so good on you for getting the information out there!

@guthrie_the_wizard 3 жыл бұрын

Beautiful video, brother! I’m happy to be supporting such content on Patreon.

@fanwee5048 3 жыл бұрын

Amazing, keep doing these. Would love to see more of this type videos

@kevken0494 3 жыл бұрын

Your content is getting better and better everytime

@Puketapu 3 жыл бұрын

Wonderful work! Brilliant work yet again

@njautonomy3355 3 жыл бұрын

I'm delighted to be introduce to Voltaire through your video. I've been enlightened. He seems to me to be an admirable being. Thank you

@pastillascelestes4768 3 жыл бұрын

Bravo! I'm looking forward to more of this saga!

@kca_randy 3 жыл бұрын

That was one of your best videos .Well done!!

@estevaogonzalez55 3 жыл бұрын

Great stuff dude! Keep it up, we need as much as we can get

@Nickname006 3 жыл бұрын

Amazing amazing amazing! Loved the video. I hope you make more similar videos.

@garret1930 3 жыл бұрын

The mad lad made half a million Franks by exploiting a loophole in the lottery setting him up for life. That's hilarious

@321bytor 3 жыл бұрын

Wow, imagine knowing half a million blokes called Frank

@vinny5638 3 жыл бұрын

@@321bytor its frankly ludacris

@321bytor 3 жыл бұрын

@@vinny5638 Ludacris is ludicrous too

@WadeAllen001 3 жыл бұрын

I want to know what the loophole was and what exactly he did.

@trybunt 3 жыл бұрын

@@WadeAllen001 I'm sure you could google it and find out. That's one of the many benifits of life today

@josharmstrong2476 3 жыл бұрын

I really love your historic philosophy videos, please make more about other prominent enlightenment figures!

@thugson1166 3 жыл бұрын

This was brilliant, great video mate

@carlosalbertocandelabello1927 2 жыл бұрын

Great video and analysis, thanks!

@jonchess8844 3 жыл бұрын

Fabulous video Stephen 👍👍👏👏

@biggerdoofus 3 жыл бұрын

That tale also seems to give a lesson on dealing with wise men unfettered: those who would protest the exile of a man like Voltaire should not also feel safe from the pen of a man like Voltaire.

@Samhertzog 3 жыл бұрын

This is great, really hope you can do one for Diderot!

@dynamic9016 3 жыл бұрын

Really enjoyed this video.

@Lastchanceblueprint 2 жыл бұрын

I enjoyed this one very much, thank you.

@insanisstultitia3119 2 жыл бұрын

as always a great informative video.

@eugenebraig413 3 жыл бұрын

I like your human approach to historic figures within the context of their time. Cheers! Almost nothing known about him, but some background on Titus Lucretius Carus would be entertaining, especially relevant here given the occasional mention of Epicureanism.

@onclesam1463 3 жыл бұрын

Voltaire's last words were "I die adoring God, loving my friends, not hating my enemies, and hating superstition." ( "Je meurs en adorant dieu, en aimant mes amis, en ne détestant pas mes ennemis, et en détestant la superstition").

@lumbratile4174 3 жыл бұрын

chills.

@TheJaguarthChannel 3 жыл бұрын

Can we take a moment to appreciate the image of communion wafers popping up when he said "cannibalism"

@shravanraj3108 3 жыл бұрын

Great video as always. Suggestion for next video, Marcus Aurelius

@jankriz9199 2 жыл бұрын

Sweet mother of quezalcoatl that Newton part got me - dude literally shouldered Newtons research in France, thus spawning Lagrange, Laplace and Gauss, further spawning scientists like Maxwell, Thomson, Noether and Faraday. From those we pioneer up to Einstein, Schrodinger, Heisenberg, Dirac, De Borglie, Fermi, Feynman and buckle up, here we are. The man might be a great DIRECT contribution to the deepest knowledge of largests scales such as cosmology and of the tiniest pixels which the world is made of, quantum field theory. Mind blowing.

@prodanalexandru219 3 жыл бұрын

i love your videos... such an underrated chanel(

@matmosquera 3 жыл бұрын

We need more of these, way better than those two bland pages about Voltaire I read in school and don't remember anything about Thank you

@nikolasadams460 3 жыл бұрын

Thankyou for this fantastic video.

@philipmalaby8172 3 жыл бұрын

Very well done. Thank you.

@jtveg 3 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the awesome history lesson.

@ankushds7018 3 жыл бұрын

Somebody in the comment section mentioned Dr. B. R. Ambedkar! I highly recommend him too! Do him after Bertrand Russel!

@Flashyfinancier 2 жыл бұрын

Voltaire and Mr.Woodford are 2 of my favorite primates.

@Recluse7477 3 жыл бұрын

The fact that the stuff around 17:00 is still happening around the world, even after all these years, shows how much work is still needed to be done.

@locarferrata 3 жыл бұрын

Amazing video!

@heinrichzerbe 3 жыл бұрын

Thoroughly enjoyed this ode to a man worth our time for many generations to come.

@jigaraphale 3 жыл бұрын

Fun fact, Newton's apple experiment, was invented by Voltaire to introduce gravity.

@namelessuser666 3 жыл бұрын

You starting a video with my home city, Lisbon... Very cool.

@MIDheir 3 жыл бұрын

Amazing work on this video.

@babsbylow6869 2 жыл бұрын

FYI, Candide is available as a Librivox on YT. It's read by Ted D. The same guy who so wonderfully brings Robert Ingersoll Green's lectures to life.

@samuelandmarikaadams9837 3 жыл бұрын

Great video!

@devarshidave68 3 жыл бұрын

Great work man👍🏻

@janerkenbrack3373 3 жыл бұрын

That lottery was run by Giacomo Casanova. He was a fascinating man, whose autobiography is a worthwhile read.

@lernaeanhydra425 3 жыл бұрын

Amazing series .