Appreciate your share and the tone/manner in which it is stated. There's History, and then there's the *"Mainstream Academia, largely Mainstream Archaeologists Paradigm"* I make this point, not in a Judgemental accusation, rather in a defining of relative points of the subject for clarity, just as you did in providing your points of facts. I've come to realize that "Mainstream Academics" don't follow the "Standards of Science and Research" Mainstream Academia uses a 19th Century Theory as their greater fact foundation, from which they establish their 🧬 near Timeline and Paradigm. They then use this as a "tool of measure", and that which does not fit is overwhelmingly ignored, accused/dismissed, and/or discarded. The "Standards of Science and Research" include the following: (Mind the s to be fully open and free of an predetermined: personal or professional Beliefs, Theories, Opinions, and using all available relevant data/artifacts/resources, allowing for the proven Research Methodologies and Statistical Formulas to extract the greater facts. (which can then be presented for Peer Review and ultimately Journal Published). Those whom follows w these Statements would be the "Authentic Academics". This defining come from my education, experience, and degrees which are in colleges of: "Sociology, History, and Journalism". I have no fears with regards to my perspective, as I do adhere to the "Standards of Science and Research" (I remain amazed that such a vast amount of money and energies were used to build a Museum in Britain dedicated to displaying the "treating a Theory as Fact" and Applying the Darwin Theory to Modern Humans, "as if it were Fact supported by Peer Review". I offer a thought:. It is December, 2022, and we have seen vast Genetic/DNA studies, outcome descriptions, and none have established the "19th Century Theory" as fact. As a matter of fact, one has been summarized, including a statement that: "Humans appear to be a result of Intervention rather than Evolution" ... and the works of (Dr David Reich, Geneticist, Harvard, "DNA Mapping of Migrations" has proven that *"Not All, are Out of Africa",* repeated 3 times, Peer Reviewed, and Journal Published) Best regards, Beth Bartlett (Behavioralist)

A tragic reminder that life is often more mundane than that of a poet's fancy. May I ask sir, if the thought of the Minoan's sacrificing human blood (even without a fanciful Minotaur) was so objectionable to those who had been swept up by Evans' images of an elite collective, how could they have reconciled the fact that the putative King Minos supposedly sacrificed fourteen children every seven years? Could it be possible that Evans' contemporaries had relegated the Minotaur back into the world of myth to demonstrate their own civility?

​@@koriw1701 Great question. The truth is that much of what is archaeological fact has been denied by archaeologists following Evans' trends because the "discovery" of the Minoan civilization was highly politicized. This prehistoric civilization was co-opted by the English and others in their quest to create an image that Europe had always been superior/civilized and that, at the origins of "current European civilization" was a society as civilized, peaceful, and noble as the Minoan. So baby-eating cannibals don't fit well with Evans' idea of a peaceful, morally superior society. But the truth is, as Marinatos says, you don't build a Bronze Age civilization with flowers. The Minoans were real people and it is necessary to approach the evidence with a critical eye and free of preconceptions. Now regarding the evidence of cannibalism. There is evidence of a ritual at Anemospilia, as the building collapsed during the sacrifice of a young man. Period. The stuff used in this specific event (dagger, the vessel for collecting blood, and even the priest's ring made of meteoric iron) are all in the Herakleion archaeological museum and you can check it out. Very interesting. As for the bones of children, it is difficult to prove that they were killed for consumption. The marks on the bones are very suspicious, but they can also be a way of treating the body after death and preparing it for funeral rites. I do not reject the idea that a religious crisis followed the Thera eruption and that radical new movements may have appeared. Again, we need to be objective and honest with what evidence we have. I refuse to deny and reject the possibility that cannibalism or human sacrifice could have happened based solely on the old-fashioned idea that Minoans were peaceful and would never do so. To think that way is unscientific. But before also fully embracing the idea of ​​human sacrifice and consumption, a solid body of evidence needs to be gathered, and so far there is very little evidence. I don't find it difficult to imagine such a sacrifice/ religious crisis scenario. The eruption of Thera was a tremendous event, and for people of the bronze age, there were no differences between the physical and supernatural worlds. So, the catastrophe probably had a very powerful symbolism, and some desperate people may have resorted to unorthodox practices of human sacrifice, no doubt. But there is no evidence of systematic human sacrifice controlled by the authorities, like in the case of the Aztecs. Could it be that perhaps the description of human sacrifices to the minotaur was a vague reminder of the tragic events that took place on the island after the eruption? Perhaps. But, again, proving this is very difficult, yet an interesting idea! Now, I find intriguing the point you raise about the "coincidence" between the myth describing human sacrifice and we now have some evidence of this practice. There are also other theories that propose continuity between classical antiquity and the Bronze Age, and you can check studies on how later Greek gods were already worshipped in the Bronze Age, but continuity is an idea very difficult to trace, precisely because of the disappearance of writing during the Greek Dark Ages, after the collapse of the Bronze Age. It is important to emphasize that Minos did not exist or his existence is not proven yet as a historical character. So far, he is a mythological character and "Minos" seems to be a title of authority, like "Anax" in Mycenaean Greece. Even more interesting than discovering the full origins of the Minotaur myth is understanding the role the story played for the Greeks later on: For them, Crete was a very ancient power and a vast civilization that cast shadows on their ancestors. Because Theseus was an Athenian hero who would have gone to Crete and defeated the monster symbol of that civilization, the myth was used by the Greeks as an element of their identity and proof that their ancestors had defeated the ancient powers, and used as motivation, for example, in the wars against the Persians. I hope to have helped elucidate a few things. Best.

@@johnnyjericho8472 for whom? Are you upset? Did I hurt your feeling? I apologize. But, he used his privileges to win the dispute for the excavation of the site. Facts are Facts. Get over it.

@@johnnyjericho8472 Im afraid you might not know how to use this word.

Cool! Which half? =:o}

Here here

On your heifers side or your bulls side?

So you are 1/4 aurochs? I hope you got the lower mid section from the ancestral bulls

So true & very well said!!!🤣😂👏🏻👏🏻

She is definitely sexy. 😊 ❤

It's not a makeover; this is an old video! It's like watching early Time Team videos and thinking how young Tony Robinson looks.

I was an Anthropology* major and that's one of the earliest things I remember from class. Many of the things I had always thought were factual, were truly theories.

@@ttvmikimoto5475 Almost all of history is theories.

The Minoans were a Bronze Age civilization, not prehistoric. Sloppy writing. She means to say 'ancient'.

She's referring to the era rather than the people.

They existed since prehistoric times, and they lived during historic times too

Lets keep in mind that "she" is just an actor reading out a script. The script is written, edited and approved by others that we dont know of. And its "their" theories that are being projected. It is notable that they are emphasizing that although the Minoan civilization was (perhaps) the first in Europe, "it clearly borrowed knowledge, technology, etc from its obviously more advanced middle east neighbours"....This is something that a certain school of though is persisting with, trying to convince the world that knowledge, alphabet, numbers, etc, all came from the east and in particular Phoenicians and Messopotamia, (as ground zeo)...and thus implying that there was nothing before that...

@@shivaserpent1232 Bettany is a professor and she did write it. Check the credits.

Anything the history babe does is amazing. She is not only very knowledgeable, but a very good presenter as well.

Was originally on BBC - I'm thinking early 1990s -- if not slightly before. Whoever uploaded this should've posted full credits, etc. But, YES! This is timeless & excellent as are all of Bettany Hughes' productions - the on-camera host & researcher She's now about 56. Everything she does is flawless.

@@brianclingenpeel5123 And breathtaking to look at too!

@@SaaharaGlaude Yes it is! She does deserve a lot of the credit. Her intelligence and beauty contribute greatly to the overall effect. The BBC have the best resources there are for making documentaries, including human resources and skill, so they produce the best in the world. They've always been the best, because in most ways they were the inventors and pioneers of the concept. Now though, due to proliferation of technology, there've been some others to challenge them. Not a lot, comparatively speaking, but the number will likely increase. Small affordable drones are a real game changer in the costs of production. So here we have Bettany, with all the resources of the BBC. It all combines to be just golden! 🗺 🕌 ⛰ 🏛 ⛲ 🌍

@@cattymajiv agreed!

No worries, it will be picked through un-methodically and un-scientifically and the best pieces will end up in private mansions in NewYork, Paris and London. As long as there's ignorance and greed, archaeology doesn't have much of a chance.

Yes. There are no museums in Greece , Turkey or Egypt......

@@2msvalkyrie529 There are plenty of museums, but that does not mean that lots of stuff is not ignored. Lots of stuff is shoved under the carpet to build hotels, resorts, and other infrastructure.

@@2msvalkyrie529 Have you ever heard of corruption?

Remarkable area.

Love MsHughes turn of phrase excellent insight into an ancient civilisation I love Creat holiday there often

yes i like her to but she is not that accurate some times. I forgive for not researching my peoples civilisation and culture which is 65,00 years , Might wake her up to what a civilisation is. I do not consider a civilisation based on ignorance and superstition to be any kind of civilisation. The Persian`s where just a bunch genocidal nut cases, The roans where just a bunch of ignorant arseholes , Otherwise christianity would not have ben able to infest and then kill the roam civilisation.

I am 55 and watching at 2x play speed 5 times

The dwellings that survived, I always wonder about all the people/civilizations that didn't have stone buildings.

And just to clarify, dating the eruption is a huge problem. Nevertheless, if it happened around 1600 BCE, the Minoans lasted another 150 years following the conventional date for their collapse in 1450 BCE. If it happened in 1540 BCE, they endured more eleven decades. Not such an abrupt end.

NERD! Nah that is actually very interesting, thank you :)

@@justincase3230 XD

@@troianoleonardo you kinda look like pat the bunny in his early twenties there man. You heard of him? One of my favourite muso's.

@@justincase3230 No I have not, but I did now and I can see why you say it hahaha

I hated it in College. But I love it on video.

It sounded pretty clear to me that Linear A has resisted attempts at decoding. If it is a lost language, more's the pity. Even were it a grocery list, it would be fascinating to see what a Minoan household would have needed to run smoothly!

Any civilization has arts and languages Why she hide the language of this empire

Linear A and Linear B are the same script used in different ways for different languages, sort of like how the Latin script is used for everything from Latin to English to French to Vietnamese, or how cuneiform was used for Sumerian, Elamite, Akkadian, and Hittite. The script was invented by the Minoans for their (undeciphered) language, then adopted by the Mycenaeans to write their early form of Greek.

​@@hussnedubaishi7288oh quit being daft trying to start something out of nothing, She's not hiding anything

@@hussnedubaishi7288 What a dumb comment. Nothing is being hidden by anyone. You watch too many fake documentaries, made by crooks who are trying to hook you into right wing ideas.

Yeah she sounds good in purple

@Gary Allen tanx bro

A real archaeologist would not call themselves “a” archaeologist.

​@@cruisepaige english is obviously not their first language. the world doesn't surround around one language, maybe they speak greek and other languages. it's none of your business

This was outstanding. Greetings from Tokyo.

The Minotaur My-knot-tore Mine-oh-tor King mine-gnos King my gnosis King mine-owes Slay the beast within. The beast reality. Of sexûaliły 8:16 listen to her words. Followed by the white surf to bring to mind …. What came next. Shlemen. Listen close The starters “pistol” has been fired. Shlemem and peetree. Arthur evans. 48 yrs old A-thor a-tor. Æthr 48. 4-8’s for ate. 8888 12:46 (

Allegory all-eg-ore-E AI-lego-r-Y LA-og-EL LA-ogel LA-ogle Ogel: Oil gas & energy law & tdm LA: Lost Angles Lost Angel Us

almost every human society/culture has done human sacrifices almost without exception. often its not explicitly called such or wild moral justifications are made for such, but yeah its amusing when scholars seemed shocked to find it. I think the problem is that these people idealize the culture before they know everything and so human sacrifice doesn't fit into the mental image they made of the "perfect" society.

I started thinking that a lot of these behaviors might be related with OCD tendencies, the disorder is highly driven by "rituals" or "sacrifices" to avoid "catastrophe"

@@An-kw3ec but many, if not all, rituals and sacrifices aren't to means to keep order of its own accord but rather seen as appeasing a person (whether spirit or deity). Its that when something bad happens its because someone willed and actualized it. This isn't really an OCD thing to appease a person but creates a sense of a personal relationship or connection to the spirit or deity. And so the rituals and ceremonies are more like having a conversation and not putting a room in order. Sure there is a stress on ding things right and in proper order, but i think much of that is a means of remembering the ceremonies over time especially when there is no writing, audio or video to record it into perpetuity. But even now days, even within secular societies have rituals. Like new years, valentine's day, 4th of july, Halloween and such. I wouldn't say they are done because of any sense of OCD but we perform them every year and often without much change from previous years. Its a way for us to communicate with each other and build connection in the very least.

Notice that "Archaeologists" overwhelmingly act independent of consulting with experts in the fields of: Geology, Geophysics, Genetics, Sociology, Linguistics, and Ancient Language/Writings. I suggest that Modern Archaeologists aka Mainstream Archaeologists (20th Century to date) have written far more Myth as their Fact story, than all of the Ancients ever did. I expect that in the very near future, facts will emerge at a rapid rate and the entire Mainstream Academic/Archaeology Paradigm will be set aside, and quickly buried, as it is profoundly inaccurate. This need not be an opportunity for judging individual Academics, rather an opportunity to remind them how w far they strayed from the "Standards of Science and Research" (a theory may not be used as a fact) (the Museum for Darwin demonstrating how Many dern Humans, ... well that's one they really can gain an observing of the potential pitfalls of the excessive regarding the *"Modern-Human Ego Mind"* Beth (Sociologist/Behavioralist)

@@bethbartlett5692 its a problem in many fields. Not consulting experts in other fields that are studying the same area. The other problem is that romanticisms and hypothesis posed as theories often go unchallenged until the proponent (or generation there of) are retired or deceased. Scientific progress lags behind human ego.

Bettany gives only one possible hypothesis. True, highly debatable and all the more unprovable. But such is the process of interpretation, especially in the history of art, where it is often purposeful fabrications or even lies, sometimes poems only loosely connected to the reality of a work of art. As an atheist, I would of course not have thought to blame the gods for some debacle, and as a realist I would have been driven to look for sources of sustenance, in Crete of course, in the sea, where after washing a lot of organic material into the waves, life at all levels must have expanded...so perhaps the octopuses would have come to be seen as a kind of icon of survival. Tom Bettany uvádí jen jednu z možných hypotéz. Pravda, silně diskutabilní a o to víc nedokazatelnou. Ale takový už je proces interpretací, zejména v dějinách umění, kde se často jedná o účelové výmysly či dokonce lži, jindy o básně jen volně spojené s realitou nějakého uměleckého díla.. Jako ateistu by mne pochopitelně nenapadlo z nějakého debaklu vinit bohy a jako realistu by mne to hnalo hledat zdroje obživy, na Krétě pochopitelně v moři, kde po spláchnutí množství organického materiálu do vln musel život na všech úrovních expandovat...takže možná i na ty chobotnice by došlo jako na svého způsobu ikonu přežití. Tom

@garyallen8824 She's a typical angry right winger. I'm getting SO unbelievably tired of them!

@@cattymajiv You can see that in such a rambling comment? Documentary film-making has traditionally triggered controversy, often due to an evolving consensus on the topic, production limitations and editing issues, and other reasons. Scholars are continuously debating points. I can remember when one of my university professors was engaged with his colleagues in a debate over the translation of _a single word_ in an ancient Latin text. This documentary was nicely produced and highly entertaining. I doubt if you could use it as a source for an undergraduate research project, however.

Bethany Hughes, now in her 50s but still doing this work and T.V series

minos didn´t pray for a bull to sacrafice back to poseidon, he prayed for a beatiful bull... then he received a unique bull so he probably had his former best bull sacraficed in return who would sacrafice the gift you just received? just exchange the bull for car so if some gifts you a brand new one ur supposed to scrap that one and keep ur old lemon, yea makes sense

i gave my kid a puppy for birthday... he sacraficed it on the spot...issn´t that what you expected of me father? good boy :D

She was talking about Linear B. That one was deciphered and turned out to be a really ancient form of Greek.

weekly episodes on "more 4" Sat or Sun,

So the Greeks invented martial arts, not china or India?

@@freckleheckler6311 The Greeks had martial arts since the time of the first Olympic games (8th century BC). It was the most popular competition. If we judge from mythology, they had martial arts since the Mycenaeans. Heracles and Theseus lived in this era. The Mycenaeans were destroyed in the 12th or 11th century BC. We don't know who was first and who was second and we don't care. What is certain is that these 3 peoples, each had their own system of martial arts and for the ancient Greeks it was the most beloved sport and the most violent. You don't lose anything to do your own research about Pagration if you are interested. Unfortunately, a lot of knowledge has been lost since the time when the Greeks embraced Christianity and left behind their Pagan traditions. The few that have been saved are vases that represent Pagration athletes and some of their movements and descriptions by various ancient historians. Have fun

I wish so much that I could go to your fabulous country! Only in my dreams I guess! 😭😢😭

You are at the wrong place then. The Minoans are related to our ancestors- the Bulgarians, Serbs and Croats.

​@@ds-on4sm 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂 Slavic Narcos the BEST

@@ds-on4sm no man the minoans are related to chinese source: im chinese

@@Error_-qz2zr Yes, it's more likely than that they are greek😃

Bettany Hughes

Μαρία , δυστυχώς Evans πήρε πολλά αντικείμενα πίσω στην Αγγλία. Ττον θρόνο της Κνωσού, για παράδειγμα... Το μουσείο Ashmolean (Oxford) είναι γεμάτο με πολύ σημαντικά μινωικά πράγματα.

@@troianoleonardo thank you for your reply! I really did not know that. We really need to scrutinize everything we read…

@@troianoleonardo The land he excavated, he bought out right those Artifacts regarding property laws, were his. If the Throne was on the 5.5 Acres he owned, he could do with it whatever he pleased.

@@oldmanfromscenetwentyfour8164 I dont give a fuck!

@@oldmanfromscenetwentyfour8164 oh you got it removed. Happy? My wish remains. Its now been weeks of online harassment by animals for making a comment on history of archaeology and I genuinely wish you all go to hell.

2003

I agree that religion didn’t always play the central role in changes.

"Pots found in their homes so would have sat on their dinner tables" Would have been (in your mind) =/= was found in that place. Were they found on tables, or are you making this assumption that they were? Making an assumption based on other cultures, especially later ones is not necessarily the greatest idea when considering history.

@@mnomadvfx a thought is a thought - not a claim of proof nor proof of anything. What did you intend to prove with your thoughts?

Possibly both. She also talks later on about the shift from away from the female goddess figurines to a male boy god figurine. Though I'm sure the truth is much more complex than that. The shift in gods could also have come from the influence of refugees or invaders.

@@mnomadvfx - Would found where they eat be better?

Wait, what, there was a story too?

@@kjm2199 😂👍

I like looking at a beautiful woman as much as the next bloke, but her outfit is just so out of place as a presenter in a historic documentary. Even tourists wouldn't go to these archaeological sites in that dress. I'm sorry, but it does take away from the credibility of the program. Strange that she put on pants and a trenchcoat when up on the mountaintop in the wind and fog.

@@Colin-Fenix I was waiting for the swimsuit edition of ancient Minoan archaeology. Hopefully, some of the best looking hosts and hostesses can contribute with their physical presence. 😉

@@paulheydarian1281 🤣

Εύγε Ηλία