actually you can look into the compiled code - in Microchip Studio there is an assembler output file easily accessible. There is almost no push happening normally, not even the status register is saved. However, I was interested in the average latency which happens when writing C-code for these microcontrollers.

That is exactly my feeling. Especially the "maker community" goes for microcontrollers with more and more power, instead of utilizing the power of even a simple beast like the ATmega328. And everyone is relying on poorly documented libraries.

@@uwezimmermann5427we at Lodz University of Technology, Poland are still trying to show students some elements of now called 😀 "bare-metal" programing using some low level methods, but when they got to know C/C++ they'd rather "forget" to use them in future projects. Where do you teach your students? Regards. Tom.

Hi Tom, I am teaching at Uppsala University in Sweden. And in the particular course which is ongoing right now I go as "deep" as C/C++. I just briefly mention assembler programming, but honestly in the case of the gcc-compiler and the AVR-family I would say there is not a big difference - and while we are not really counting clock cycles I still point out the importance of utilizing limited resources in an efficient way. The focus of this course is the close interaction between software and hardware.