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In the German language, it is possible to add prefixes, also known as verb affixes, to verbs. Prefixes give the verb a completely new meaning and enter the vocabulary as a new word. These are the so-called separable verbs, which are an important part of the German vocabulary and German grammar.
Example: The infinitive “fahren” on the one hand, and the infinitive “ab|fahren” on the other. The separable verb “ab|fahren” consists of two parts. The two parts are marked by a hyphen in the dictionary “ | ”. The hyphen gives the information that this verb is “separable”. The first part, the prefix “ ab ”, is not changed and is always placed at the end of a sentence in a main clause. The second part of the verb (fahren) is conjugated as usual.
For a simple declarative sentence in the present tense, this means that the original simple verb is conjugated and is placed in the second position in the sentence. The prefix is placed at the end of the sentence.
In the perfect tense (or as participle 2) or in combination with modal verbs, the compound verb is written together. The word and the meaning change depending on the prefix. auffahren, einfahren, zufahren, wegfahren, umfahren etc.
Prefixes are interchangeable, which means that other verbs can also use these prefixes.
The problem with prefixes is that some prefixes are separable, while others are not. The rule is: if the prefix is stressed, it is separable, if it is not stressed, it is not separable.
You can often tell whether a verb is separable by the prefix it has.
Verbs with prefixes such as ab-, an-, auf-, aus-, ein-, mit-, nach-, weg-, zu- are always separable.
In contrast, verbs with prefixes such as be-, ent-, er-, ver-, zer- are not separable.
Verbs with prefixes such as durch-, über-, um-, unter- can be separable or inseparable.
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