Chuck Legg agree

Thank you, and your welcome.

Here's how to Search my Channel Searching My AllAmericanFiveRadio Channel kzfaq.info/get/bejne/atFnddx51s6ceqc.html

Thank you, and your welcome.

Thank you, and your welcome.

Thank you.

Thanks.

Thanks

Thanks!

Thanks for your comment.

Thank you, and your welcome.

After I had uploaded the video I realized I forgot to show the circuit on the breadboard. You really can't see much on the breadboard but it is reassuring to see that I actually built the circuit.

I put this link in the SHOWMORE of this video Picture of circuit on breadboard www.richardmcwhorter.com/NPN_PNP_AMP/DSCN2942.jpg

Thank You.

The bases of a NPN and PNP are 180 degrees out of phase. This what makes the Push Pull work. This video may help. MOSFET Push Pull Amplifier Visual Demo kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Y5x-as9iydTPZqc.html

Thanks

Yes it is a PC scope. You seem to be the only one that is confused.

Thanks and your welcome.

Thank you, and your welcome.

Thanks and your welcome.

Yes, you got it. If you have an even number of amplifier sections, the phase of the input signal will match the output.

AllAmericanFiveRadio I might be losing eyesight, but that bit at 5:19 still looks out of phase

Yes it is not perfect. It may be due to the 0.03uF capacitors not being exactly equal, the beta of each transistor not being exactly equal, also it has been a while since I calibrated the scope probes, or all the above. It looks like the phase shift is just a few degrees out. I purposely left it that way because it is very hard to get things absolutely perfect, like in a book.

AllAmericanFiveRadio I see! Thank you, I didn't even think off those things.

I'm here to help, and not to fake any results. The real world is really interesting.

I'm glad the video helped.

Thanks and your welcome.

Thank you.

Yes this circuit needs both. It's designed for the beginner to have a successful working circuit. Build it and make some changes in the biasing and see what happens to the output signal.

Transistor Amplifier Biasing Experiments, for the Beginner kzfaq.info/get/bejne/qdyfo9ak2cqugGg.html

You actually worked backwards. Let's say the last stage is going to be driving a device that can draw 1 AMP. I would choose transistors that could handle at least 2 AMPs in the last stage.

Thank you very much Rick! Ragnar

Let's just talk about the NPN transistor bc547. When your signal at the output is clipping at the top that means the base of the NPN transistor is to positive. You could lower the 10K resistor, but I don't recommend that because you may start to short out the signal you're trying to amplify. I would raise the resistance of the 100K resistor, 5K, 10K, 20K,,,. Whatever voltage you are using VDC to drive the circuit, it should measure about half VDC from the collector of the transistor to ground. When you achieve these results the output should be a nice sine wave. If you have the biasing just about perfect, and you overdrive the circuit the top and bottom should clip at about the same time. All this is the same for the PNP transistor bc557. Just reverse the polarity of everything.

Thank you, and your welcome.

Thank you, and your welcome. For the drawings I use FreeHand or Corel Draw. After I have the drawing I make them into cells using Photo Shop Elements. Then I take the completed cells and animate them with Photo Shop Premiere Elements.

THANKS Keep experimenting

Transistor Amplifier Biasing Experiments, for the Beginner kzfaq.info/get/bejne/qdyfo9ak2cqugGg.html

AllAmericanFiveRadio thanks I've seen the video, but since I don't own an oscilloscope I can't do it empirically like you do, I need to do calculations on paper to get the resistor's and caps values to optimize output.

The first thing to determine is, what is it you want to build. Let's say it is class A amplifier. The load the transistor is driving will have a great influence on the biasing. Also we would need to know what is the voltage you're going to use. For class A operation grounded emitter circuit the collector should have a value about half the output of the power supply. This can be checked with a volt-ohmmeter. The biasing resistors for the base must be chosen to produce this result, but it's more complicated than that. There are many combinations of resistors that could produce class A biasing. What determines the choices for these resistors is the signal that is going to drive the base. If you choose bias resistors that are too low you may short out the signal you are trying to amplified. I would start with the datasheet for the transistor you want to use. Usually manufacturers will supply biasing information along with test circuits that you can modify for your purpose.

THANKS

Can be NPN,PNP or PNP,NPN or NPN,NPN or PNP,PNP but you must use the appropriate voltages. For NPN C is positive. For PNP C is Negative.

AllAmericanFiveRadio thanks for clearing that up for me and the quick reply

You can use NPN or PNP or both.

These videos may help you. Transistor, How Does it Work in a Circuit, Demo kzfaq.info/get/bejne/rNljrbh5ydLXiY0.html Transistor How can it Amplify kzfaq.info/get/bejne/hZ-Rh5xmlaq2m6s.html Transistor What does it do in a circuit Visual Demo kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pZepmreLua6onnk.html NPN Transistor on off switch and also a variable resistor kzfaq.info/get/bejne/odSdktdilc6ud4E.html Junction Transistor for the Beginner, the basics kzfaq.info/get/bejne/prmko9hpqdnQiKM.html Determining NPN PNP C E B for a Junction Transistor using a Ohmmeter kzfaq.info/get/bejne/nL1yndmSt6qpop8.html Transistor Basic Function kzfaq.info/get/bejne/eLV9ldyVvK3Jk5s.html

You may be able to use a relay or just the IGBT. Auto ON OFF Circuit Updated with IGBT kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pJNxlpeU36jPoIE.html 180° Phase Shift using one IGBT Auto ON OFF Circuit kzfaq.info/get/bejne/gd2DZMlkv5eVZWQ.html

Thank you and your welcome.

THANK YOU!

You could add another stage, or increase the Voltage, or both.

Thank you, and your welcome.

All parts have a limits. Look up the specifications for your transistor. If the current in the circuit exceeds the specifications it will burn out.

It can be very useful. I made a video on it. Audio Phasing, Important and Useful kzfaq.info/get/bejne/os2Hf6Z4mtzLZZc.html

I one longer have a server. You do a screen capture to save the information you want.

@@AllAmericanFiveRadio Understood; thanks for the note, sir.

Yes you can. The bigger challenge is building the clean power supply.

Hope this answers question. Audio Phasing, Important and Useful kzfaq.info/get/bejne/os2Hf6Z4mtzLZZc.html Amplifier Input and Output Phasing kzfaq.info/get/bejne/o52IZbuXutPSoqM.html Transformers, basic phasing kzfaq.info/get/bejne/eLhypLiCtbLPXYE.html

This circuit may help you. Crystal Oscillators for the Beginner kzfaq.info/get/bejne/rsuqrdp7psCpgY0.html

Thanks

Go to my channel and to right of the ABOUT is the Channel Search. Search for 'phasing'

Photoshop Elements & Coreldraw

Thank you, and your welcome.

I use Freehand 11 for the drawings, Movavi to screen capture the Oscope, Adobe\Photoshop Elements 2018 to put all the drawings in order and size them, and Adobe Premiere Elements 2018 to make the video.

@@AllAmericanFiveRadio Thanks heaps

There's always a few nano-seconds between stages.

thanks for reply. 2:53 what i see is that the right edge of yellow wave is overlapped with green wave while there is less or no overlap of the left side of yellow wave. therefore i say it looks not exactly 180 degree phase difference. thanks

Thank you, and your welcome.

Biasing an Audio Transistor kzfaq.info/get/bejne/gdqIeJqkmqrQk30.html Biasing Basics, Class A kzfaq.info/get/bejne/g8eYabeJt6i8eKc.html Build a Two Transistor Audio Amplifier kzfaq.info/get/bejne/fsWplcp5sbHJZqs.html Transistor Amplification Factor, Beta kzfaq.info/get/bejne/eNFle5V1z7KXkWQ.html Transistor What does it do in a circuit Visual Demo kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pZepmreLua6onnk.html Control Grid, Triode Tube kzfaq.info/get/bejne/gcVxfbV62LTQgmQ.html Searching My AllAmericanFiveRadio Channel kzfaq.info/get/bejne/atFnddx51s6ceqc.html

At 400Hz the impedance is about Z=13,271.237045294 Ohms

A 12 power supply, NPN collector is positive, emitter is negative. PNP collector is negative, emitter is positive.

I think if you know how a audio coupling capacitor work this may help. It isolates DC on each side but lets audio move from one side to the other. Audio Coupling Capacitor, how it Functions in a Circuit kzfaq.info/get/bejne/hqeAodqJm7_NeYE.html

You still didn't explain why +12v goes directly to ground on the PNP transistor.

Okay I think I get it now. And as per usual its a crappy explanation that's the cause of the confusion to begin with. Specifically this one from AllAmericanFiveRadio: "A 12 power supply, NPN collector is positive, emitter is negative. PNP collector is negative, emitter is positive." What the hell is that? You're just explaining the pin-out of the transistor. I might sound ungrateful but I've had it with retarded Electrical engineering explanations and terms. It makes it near impossible to learn anything within the field and so much is never explained. Like a decoupling capacitor! Do you know what gets decoupled? Train cars and trailers! Not an effin' capacitor and don't get me started on "bias" Do transistors have opinions now? The answer should have been: A PNP transistor needs a negative voltage supply. So you would need a power supply that provides a -12V rail for the PNP transistor and a +12V rail for the NPN transistor. This also explains why the positive rail in the schematic is going directly to ground at the PNP transistor. Relative to the -12V rail it is 0V and therefore effectively ground.

Transistor Amplifier Biasing Experiments, for the Beginner kzfaq.info/get/bejne/qdyfo9ak2cqugGg.html

AllAmericanFiveRadio thanks :)

This circuit may help you. Crystal Oscillators for the Beginner kzfaq.info/get/bejne/rsuqrdp7psCpgY0.html

Yes

@@AllAmericanFiveRadio It is such a great circuit for a newbie like myself. Except when I try to go and hook power up to this, and a function generator. Things start to get weird. So I hook 12v up to the + and -, and then hook the + of the function generator into the cap. and the - to the ground the 12v is hooked to?

@@g00glian0 Click on the link in the SHOWMORE for a picture of the circuit.

@@g00glian0 Look at the picture (link in SHOWMORE) Red wire is positive Black is negative NPN transistor on left PNP on Right Wire connecting capacitor from NPN collector to PNP base is red in video and black in picture

Thanks and your welcome.

Thanks