Tully monster mystery SOLVED!
Рет қаралды 215,178
8 жыл бұрынHow is it that a Museum can have 1,200+ fossils of a particular species in its collection since the 1960's... and not even know what it is? For decades, it was thought the 'Tully monster' -- a bizarre animal that lived 307 million years ago -- was an invertebrate, like a kind of worm. But in March, Field Museum scientists helped finally crack the mystery of the monster, to reveal it's actually related to lamprey fish. BOOM.
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"The 'Tully monster' is a vertebrate," Nature, 16 March 2016. See the abstract here: www.nature.com/nature/journal/...
For even more detailed information on the history of the Tully monster and other Mazon Creek fossils, watch 'Tully: Monster vs Method' vimeo.com/159254586
Want to know more about the Tully monster, and other specimens from this collection? Check them out on our website:
Fossil Invertebrates: www.fieldmuseum.org/node/5086
Paleobotany: www.fieldmuseum.org/node/5126
Big thanks to Scott Lidgard and Paul Mayer for entertaining one more interview about the Tully monster!
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Producer, Writer, Creator, Host:
Emily Graslie
Director, Editor, Graphics, Sound:
Brandon Brungard
Editor, Camera:
Sheheryar Ahsan
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This episode is supported by and filmed on location at:
The Field Museum in Chicago, IL
(www.fieldmuseum.org)
This episode of The Brain Scoop was made possible by The Harris Family Foundation, with additional support from the Lauer Foundation for Paleontology, Science and Education NFP.
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@pipuk3 8 жыл бұрын
Scott looks like he went to the field museum on a class trip, missed the bus back to school and now has spent his whole life there.
@AceofDlamonds 7 жыл бұрын
pipuk3 LAL
@powerfulowl994 7 жыл бұрын
That joke isn't funny
@kennethsatria6607 7 жыл бұрын
Its just a joke
@smasting1 6 жыл бұрын
That joke is funny
@kennethsatria6607 6 жыл бұрын
George Henery Yeah
@micahspruth-janssen3138 7 жыл бұрын
Another study just a little later than this one came to the exact opposite conclusion. They are definitely invertebrates... basically it's still a mystery.
@dark_messiah8183 5 жыл бұрын
aah what’s your problem? Micah is correct, subsequent studies have determined the opposite. The Tully Monster is just such a weird animal
@FaeQueenCory 4 жыл бұрын
The main evidence that disproves this conclusion is the same evidence that "proved" it. That light band goes past the eyes, which something a notochord fossil does *not* do. Were it actually a notochord, it would go from eye to tail.
@NimN0ms 8 жыл бұрын
House Tully: Family, Duty, Honor.
@doktormusmatta 6 жыл бұрын
Family, Duty, Monster.
@whathell6t 6 жыл бұрын
intotheoceanbloo I wish this Tully monster was the Tully sigil.
@bogdanieczezbyszka6538 6 жыл бұрын
Family, Duty,…Hodor!
@outcastluverxxx 8 жыл бұрын
Emily is literally the most adorkable, smart, excited, happy person ever... Lol love her so much
@j.t.dennis4900 8 жыл бұрын
"Adorkable" I'm gonna have to use that
@HarisEka 6 жыл бұрын
She looks like my ex ..... ... but with a BRAIN.
@floppythechangeling6694 6 жыл бұрын
vltRakue
@CarlosBenjamin 6 жыл бұрын
If you really want to see her geek out check out the taxidermy video.....
@DeathlyTired 8 жыл бұрын
In which Emily takes exactly seven seconds to brighten your day immeasurably, with a cheesy euphemism. Everything thereafter is a glorious bonus.
@Sandstorm9562 8 жыл бұрын
I just discovered the brain scoop today - it's awesome to see people that are so excited about science and passing on knowledge! !
@FivebyFive3 7 жыл бұрын
I trust Scott! He seems so friendly and passionate about this I would love to have him as a professor and learn all about history and archaeology and what not from him!
@nomanmcshmoo8640 5 жыл бұрын
Hell yeah!!! Love his passion of his field!!!!
@jaagup 8 жыл бұрын
Cracking open rocks is like opening card packs/cases in some videogames.
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
+JaagupKu Sort of, but what I thought was so fun about opening these fossils was that whatever organism was inside had been encapsulated for hundreds of millions of years.. and we got to be the first to see it! So neat.
@venusvunes1336 7 жыл бұрын
It looks like a creature from spore
@johnarbuckle2619 7 жыл бұрын
ikr
@izzieluv 8 жыл бұрын
I was not into science in HS, but I'm glad I've found a format of science I enjoy so that I am excited about staying informed so I can learn things like this!!
@Puffalupagus360 7 жыл бұрын
it's not considered a vertebrate anymore
@metheone4 6 жыл бұрын
Do you have a source?
@jaceh4942 6 жыл бұрын
NoName I don't have a source for you, but I heard this too. It's because the thing they thought was a notocord extends past the eyes, which is impossible in a vertebrate.
@kinglyzard 6 жыл бұрын
More of a character on Sesame Street.
@kinglyzard 6 жыл бұрын
J A C E I have my doubts as to whether the eyes lined up with the brain. It is impossible for a notocord to extend past the brain. Look at the gill slits. That says primitive fish all the way.
@nixalot9065 6 жыл бұрын
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12282 -- Not a vertebrate
@blundershelf 8 жыл бұрын
Just want to express my appreciation for this channel and all the content you guys make! I love learning about all things in the natural world, and y'all make it so fun and engaging and bright!
@glenthemann 8 жыл бұрын
Scishow covered this.. but I'll watch again because Emily
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
+Полиграфович Yeah, but they didn't feature the scientists who helped solve the mystery!
@glenthemann 8 жыл бұрын
Yes, this was much cooler :) Nodules!
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
+Полиграфович :D awww thank you!!
@irbaboonurweasel 8 жыл бұрын
yeah..Emily is cute
@userfriendly2737 5 жыл бұрын
Sykohsis Ehmee has a surplus of appealing qualities, and it follows that many of her fans, myself included, would find her attractive. However, she's not an instagram model and that's not appropriate. She covers this in, I believe, the "Where my ladies at?" video. I recommend giving it a watch.
@chrisdwyer1477 8 жыл бұрын
Being a fish nerd, as soon as I saw that fossil showing what seemed to be layers of flesh, I instantly thought of the myomeres and myosepta of a fish! But that posterior is so reminiscent of a cuttlefish! convergent evolution?
@TomLeg 8 жыл бұрын
There's still Tully Monsters on it!
@supersmashsam 8 жыл бұрын
Those are some pretty nice safety googles on Emily's face! Quite protective and good looking.
@mysss29 7 жыл бұрын
and over her glasses!!!
@Teth47 8 жыл бұрын
Nope, opening 5 Tully monsters in a row would be more akin to the odds of winning the lottery
@Stevonicus 8 жыл бұрын
Really cool video. what a great discovery. I only started watching the brain scoop about two weeks ago and now I've watched all the videos.
@YouTubeExplore777 8 жыл бұрын
I read you're popular science KZfaqr, it appeals to my interest, so I followed you. Cheers
@FormerLeashKidAndProud 8 жыл бұрын
A+ video. Really informative and easy to follow!
@dannydraait 6 жыл бұрын
your enthousiasm is contagious. thanks for sharing it 😄
@jakeself1911 8 жыл бұрын
I must say I appreciate all the creative ways you think of to put Soon Raccoon in the background. Also, I don't know why, but I'm a bit surprised by how small the Tully Monster is.
@srpilha 8 жыл бұрын
I think this is the perfect occasion to say: *HULK SMASH* ...some nodules to try and find Tully Monster.
@Adamskys 8 жыл бұрын
Love your videos Em, I have been watching since the very beginning and await each video with baited breath. I have just one criticism... We are yet to see a Brain being scooped!!!
@walkerweyland7685 8 жыл бұрын
Wooo! Nice job Paul! We will have to talk about this next week in the lab!
@topofthfoodchainraell840 7 жыл бұрын
i think thas what a toothbrush would say to his MOUTH: 'you don't know what i am'
@karleybioanthro 8 жыл бұрын
Longer videos please!
@ThatLaurenThing 8 жыл бұрын
What a cute lil fella. A snazzy dude.
@stcredzero 8 жыл бұрын
Emily, I really, really, really, really like hearing you say, "fern." You have such a warmly goofy way of saying that. I think I could sit around listening to you say that all night.
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
FERN. :) fern. Feeeeeeeerrrn
@edgarsandoval289 8 жыл бұрын
That's oddly specific. 😂😂
@salvatoreshiggerino6810 8 жыл бұрын
+Edgar Sandoval In Japan that's probably an entire genre of porn.
@j.t.dennis4900 8 жыл бұрын
+Salvatore Shiggerino And if not, why not start now? GO, make your money.
@9Mystere9 8 жыл бұрын
Give that man she talks to at the beginning his own radio show! He has a voice of gold, silky buttery goodness!
@SeaDog337 6 жыл бұрын
That's an ingenious way of exposing the fossils.
@dracla1 8 жыл бұрын
I'm glad that after busting open all those nodules they were able to HAMMER out the details of the Tully monster. It must be nice to get out of the well FERNished offices and get your hands dirty. Did the film crew stay to help clean up the broken rocks or did they just SPLIT?
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
+sean statham you're done
@dracla1 8 жыл бұрын
awww am I being PUNished?
@Katz_Can 8 жыл бұрын
+thebrainscoop can you make more videos on animal disection? I am doing a school project and I need as much help as I can get
@donniemontoya9300 6 жыл бұрын
The Tully Monster always looked like something someone would cook up in Spore.
@damienstone5470 4 жыл бұрын
Thank God that was solved, it was keeping me up all night
@Tibovl 4 жыл бұрын
Unfortunately this information is out of date and there is new evidence that tullimonstrum might be an invertebrate. You should watch this video for more info: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/qM-Bg9t8rJuxYac.html
@Kazooga-lp5ql 8 жыл бұрын
thank you so much for these very interestingly ha bisky vid I love that you get to teach us about these creatures
@gruingas 8 жыл бұрын
Great video, as usual. But is the tully monster a vertebrate or a chordate? (as a side note, wouldn't it be better to bust the nodules in some kind of table, so that they didn't need to be prostrated?)
@Robert.R.83 7 жыл бұрын
This blew my mind.
@darkprose 4 жыл бұрын
You gotta check out a book called _The Great Orm of Loch Ness_ (1968) by FW Holiday. The mysterious _Tullimonstrum gregarium_ had been recently found and described scientifically. Holiday, a Loch Ness monster hunter, encountered what he thought looked like a giant slug cavorting in the loch. After several years looking for it in the 1960s heyday of Loch Ness monster hunting, he wrote an entire book arguing that the loch was home to a population of ludicrously gigantic Tully Monsters. Yeah. The book is, obviously, fucking amazing. If you happen to have a severe COVID-19 fever, it’s even better.
@theoldar 8 жыл бұрын
Keep up the great work Emily! These videos are an inspiration to all of us who have daughters. It is a place we can send them to see a curious, kick-ass woman!
@larryd6143 6 жыл бұрын
A 2017 study said Not a Vertebrate. It has the tail of a squid, stalked eyes like a snail and a beak like mouth like a squid. I vote for mollusk. Squids have very evolved eyes, clams have none, scallops have several. This may have been more closely related to a nudibranch. The phylum mollusca is so diverse.
@colonelcat8639 6 жыл бұрын
It is such a wacky-looking creature.
@PhattyMo 8 жыл бұрын
Damn,Tully. Back at it again with the nodules!
@oliviatess287 7 жыл бұрын
Am I the only one in love with this woman? She's so happy and passionate about her work
@MiIIiIIion 8 жыл бұрын
Oh god, that pun was glorious.
@Aetherwot 6 жыл бұрын
Probably an ancient early squid (just kinda different due to evolution) because of that white line because squids have something called a "pen" that supports the mantle so it could be like that just with the stalk eyes and a single "arm" with the "mouth/beak"
@alexapenn6399 6 жыл бұрын
I love this kid - she's wonderful - perky, intelligent, and presents herself and the content very well :}
@francoislacombe9071 8 жыл бұрын
If all Tully monsters have are notochords, then they are not vertebrates, they are chordates, of which true vertebrates are a subset.
@rayhs1984 8 жыл бұрын
Emily is always so cute and happy and excited. I love it.
@matbroomfield 6 жыл бұрын
Enthusiasm is a very appealing trait, be it is a 60 year old curator or a30 year old presenter. Surprised at the heavy handed way they open those nodules considering how valuable the contents might be.
@etiennepesce546 8 жыл бұрын
That ice technique looks like a very easy way to do things properly... does someone have an idea of the ideal number of times to freeze-unfreeze the nodules?
@charliesmith6137 6 жыл бұрын
This is episode three or four in an ongoing debate. Scott speaks with way more confidence than the evidence justifies.
@colinjackson9720 6 жыл бұрын
I think there was a recent study done that disputed the claim that the Tully organism was a vertebrate
@leonclementsbeall2562 7 жыл бұрын
would some kind of x ray be an inefficient process of seeing if there is anything in it?
@censusgary 8 жыл бұрын
You forgot to say why it's called the Tully monster, so I looked this up. It turns out the critter was discovered by an amateur fossil collector named Francis Tully. Pretty cool. Imagine finding something like that!
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
Yeah! We figured there is so much information out there about the history of the Tully monster that we didn't really need to go into all of it. There's a link to another Field Museum video in the description that is a very good overview.
@PhilJonesIII 8 жыл бұрын
+Gary Cooper I thought it was because it was the first to appear on tullyvision.
@censusgary 8 жыл бұрын
@Philip Jones: 😸
@greenbeevideo765 8 жыл бұрын
So cool! :D
@jebus6kryst 8 жыл бұрын
Cracking open rocks, what a wonderful science.
@zeanamush 8 жыл бұрын
The part of me that is still 7 years old was so jealous that you got to do that.
@hollymiskell6763 5 жыл бұрын
What would be the evolutionary current family member of the Tully monster, should it exist today? Vertibrates are interesting especially when their size is so miniature. Thank you for sharing. Cheers
@level1skeleton317 7 жыл бұрын
Emily how does someone tell if a rock is a nodule?
@viccolasvic9461 7 жыл бұрын
How do you know when you have a fossil nodule/ how to identify a nodule from a normal rock?
@IndriidaeNT 3 жыл бұрын
The Tully Monster is an interesting fossil specimen at the Field Museum, aside from Sue the T. rex and Maximo the Titanosaur.
@grNephrite 8 жыл бұрын
Both a nice fern and an ice fern!
@cole3662 8 жыл бұрын
We got this notification a few months ago at the museum, how long does it take to release these videos? Just curious. :)
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
+Cole Czajkowski Sometimes we don't hear about a big discovery until it's ready to be announced publicly - so I reached out to Scott and Paul after some of the initial hype died down to figure out a way we could do an episode with some added element. We filmed this on April 18th.
@cole3662 8 жыл бұрын
***** Thanks. I actually started to volunteer at the museum as a paleo docent because of you. My goal is to one day have a career at the Field and I have you to thank.
@SlyPearTree 8 жыл бұрын
Just subscribed. So what's a nodule? Beside a rock with a surprise inside. How are they formed? How are they recognized? Are there some in my backyard?
@nevyen149 8 жыл бұрын
+SlyPearTree There's a couple different types of geological nodules, but basically they are gatherings of minerals. With fossils, minerals gather around the nucleus of the fossil itself. They replace the organics with mineral and gradually form a, well, um, a "nodule" around the fossil. There are nodules formed by geothermal water, saturated with minerals, which flows into cracks and voids. Geodes are formed like that, as are some opals. There are also concretions of minerals which form on the bottom of the sea. Some are just mineral, some are possibly filled with a 'surprise' like a fossil or a geode.
@otakuribo 8 жыл бұрын
"It still has notacord on it!"
@haroldbenny8573 7 жыл бұрын
I've busted a few nodules in Illinois Mazon Creek area but no Tully Monsters. I still have a few fine ferns
@SaurophaganaxSRG 6 жыл бұрын
This part of KZfaq always brings me faith in humanity, Emily and Trey are the best at this, btw Emily is my crush. Yup I had to say it... come on don't act like she isn't all yours too Besides that this is a gold channel.
@scotty15002 8 жыл бұрын
It sort of looks like it has a the same fin and mantle set up as a squid! Are they at all related to modern Cephalopods?
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
+Scotty Nope, cephalopods are invertebrates!
@derlinclair4867 6 жыл бұрын
Yes.When I first saw the Tully Monster,I thought that it looked somehat like a long, thin squid, friends.
@salvatoreshiggerino6810 8 жыл бұрын
You should send one of the nodules to the Hydraulic Press Channel!
@sheep1ewe 6 жыл бұрын
A frosen one...
@benw9949 6 жыл бұрын
Now I have this strange feeling there's a muppet Tully Monster. Or there should be.
@billberger 8 жыл бұрын
I have some Tully monsters that i was given as a kid!
@Naiadryade 8 жыл бұрын
So cool! Do they know yet more specifically where on the evolutionary tree it sat beyond be a vertebrate?
@axorozzas 8 жыл бұрын
+Naiadryade It's closest living relatives are lampreys.
@aussietom85 8 жыл бұрын
Scott Lidgard was relly great, clear and interesting. Get him on more!
@officehours6081 8 жыл бұрын
Hey this video is really cool and all, but I heard the Field Museum has a ton of cool fish collections, when is there gunna be a video about that. That is all.
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
+OfficeHours Nice one Torey.
@GreyDevil 8 жыл бұрын
Great episode. Needs more Soon Racoon!
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
+GreyDevil Did you not see him.....? if not.. we're getting better. :p
@GreyDevil 8 жыл бұрын
+thebrainscoop I didn't lol. You got me :D
@TheHazyshade 8 жыл бұрын
Where do they get those rocks and how do they know something is going to be in them?
@prometheus9096 7 жыл бұрын
magic ;) No there are places like stone quarry's that are known for a high denseness of fossils. I have visited a quarry here in Germany when i was a kid and there where fossils everywhere i literally stumbled upon one almost every day ;) because my elementary school was build of it.
@Aramintava 6 жыл бұрын
Learn what the concretions in your area look like. We have some at a beach near us. Look for odd or dumbell looking shapes. The sandstone rock has built up around the fossil.
@sarcast1c999 6 жыл бұрын
sooo... is this the field museum in Chicago?
@dlobom 8 жыл бұрын
Family, Duty, Honor
@sabinahertzum9728 6 жыл бұрын
What I want to know is - how do these nodules form?? And how come there’s fossils in them??
@rwilb2 8 жыл бұрын
The Tully monster was not a vertebrate. It has no bones, What they showed is that it was a chordate. All vertebrates are chordates but not all chordates are vertebrates.
@ArdisMeade 8 жыл бұрын
I can just see some future paleontologist, watching this 100 years from now and recoiling at how this used to be done.
@danielbody6051 8 жыл бұрын
It looks like someone had some fun with Spore...
@MrJonnyPepper 7 жыл бұрын
They should have a movie about the Tully monster in the Universal monster movie universe
@clemenstoshiba6183 8 жыл бұрын
his glasses 😂
@fimbles1015 6 жыл бұрын
How do nodules form? Did it start as a larger rock? Why are there fossils found inside some but not others? I presumed the body must have something to do with the concretion of dirt around the body but if some have no fossils this cant be true? My brain hurts! Can i borrow your scoop please? :)
@chillsahoy2640 8 жыл бұрын
You mean, it's like winning the loTULLY!
@fellipedasilva99 4 жыл бұрын
0:45, There are not much weirder than squids or octopi. It’s just that we live along side those animals so it’s normal to us. If squids went extinct and we looked at their fossils we would think. “Wow what a bizarre creature, it had eight worm like things coming out of it’s body....Anyway you want some Tully Monster for lunch today?” Btw I wonder what they tasted like....
@CygnusiaX1 8 жыл бұрын
Was that Tully Monster at the end.... riding a Nano...?
@2Cerealbox 8 жыл бұрын
This is the coolest animal I've ever seen, how come I've never heard about it before? Truly alien.
@holly832 6 жыл бұрын
Ryan N One year later late - I also didn't know too xD
@Vykk_Draygo 8 жыл бұрын
It'd be pretty awesome to fish in prehistoric waters...
@thebrainscoop 8 жыл бұрын
+Vykk Draygo also TERRIFYING -- but then again, have you seen lamprey (the Tully's closest living relative)? they're.. nightmare fuel.
@Vykk_Draygo 8 жыл бұрын
***** It would be terrifying, but also intensely fascinating, and entirely foreign. Lamprey are pretty freaky, but equally cool!
@middleagedwhitebloke 6 жыл бұрын
'We need a bigger boat'
@apdroidgeek1737 6 жыл бұрын
i honestly thought that its close relative is squid lol...
@yeaman992 8 жыл бұрын
I've been lucky enough to hold one straight out of the pit!
@URKillingme100 8 жыл бұрын
Was that a nice fern or an ice fern?
@JojobaNutOil 6 жыл бұрын
tully monsters look like something you make in ea's spore.
@mysss29 7 жыл бұрын
Gah you're SO EXCITED! :D :D :D
@muskyelondragon 7 жыл бұрын
Cool
@missinginbc 6 жыл бұрын
300 million, that is an awfully large number. Just can't accept that.
@kewld00d93 6 жыл бұрын
when u bust a nodule
@CastBeetle 8 жыл бұрын
That's a cool necklace Emily
@PokemonDiamondUS 8 жыл бұрын
Wow Emily, that ending was really professionall... Nope, nevermind. I take it all back.
@Tudududududududu 8 жыл бұрын
With the new outro I was afraid for a second you got rid of 'it still has brains on it', phew.
@Lembsus 8 жыл бұрын
+Tudududududududu I was too... but was very Happy to hear.... it still has brains on it
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