One of the most clear and concise explanations of a one time pad I've seen. Any government take note (not just the ones I don't like): You can't stop people from counting.

Oh, on the reason that a letter being enciphered as itself is a strength: Enigma was broken by guessing a "crib" that we assumed was in the message. This radio signal comes from the same area of the ocean at the same time every day, it's going to be a weather ship and the message will probably start with the words "weather forecast" (or "wettervorhesage" in German) so if our cipher text contains a letter that matches the assumed text, we know our message doesn't start there. The film The Imitation Game uses a bit of artistic licence saying that the crib was the messages ending in "Heil Hitler", because it makes a good story to say that a dictator's downfall was his ego, rather than his meticulous adherence to protocol. There's a reason it gets called The Irritation Game in circles that know.

The ever-present problem of key exchange. Apart from that, and it complexity, this is a pretty sound cipher. Thank you for posting.

One of the best explanations on youtube! (GOV take notice!)

Interesting video. I recall being taught 'pen and paper' encryption methods back when I was in the cub scouts in the late 1990s.

Covfefe :)

You are inadvertently advising THEM to ban paper, pens or pencils, and dice ;( ! THEY would love to do that!

this is the best otp demonstration ive seen.

Addressing your "P.S. 3. Yes, random numbers do exist, but for this a pair of dice is more than adequate." A single die would be more than adequate and less prone to confusion with your method of key generation. If they didn't listen close they might miss the point of rolling one die at a time and just roll a pair and pick their own combo. I like the idea of using a black and a white die so you can roll both, pick say black first every time for the row and white for the column and maintain randomness. Credit © Dirk Rijmenants page.

A great video mate, very informative 🕵🏻

7:20 Covfefe?!?!

Great video, thank you!

Wonderfully clear, though I'm sure our politicians will still find some way to obfuscate these simple truths.

It's a Vigenère cipher with an OTP. One of my favorite ways to use the OTP.

Nice video. I actually came up with a very similar system that omitted the 0 and stuck with 1-9. Another trick to make things much easier: you don't actually need that giant addition table. Just leave your key as numbers instead of converting to characters (this saves effort), and make a 6x6 addition table of just numbers (you can do this in 1 minute by hand). Then to encrypt, convert your plaintext letter to 2 digits (using your 6x6 alphabet table), and encrypt each digit individually using the next two digits from the key. Then after encryption you can use your 6x6 alphabet table to convert to characters if you like. This saves a lot of effort, and also means you can easily generate your tables by hand. All you need is pen, paper, dice, and a couple of minutes to sketch out two 6x6 tables. Cheers!

For fun, try encrypting your otp with your otp using your otp as the message. Do you see what you get? I've wrote a program that does this, quite interesting. I can send multiple pads using steganography, but I need to send a secure password to open the steg pic. Without using DHKE or RSA. The character set is also a random character set :-) Capture random mouse moves for your random set.

Thanks for explaining it so clearly. Is there a way to hide the * in the extra bit of the message (the unused key), as this is a giveaway that it isn't part of the encoded message (since * and anything is anything)?

Awesome video.

It's a nice system. I would suggest to buy two set of colored dice. For example, the red would be for the horizontal row and the green for the vertical. That way, you could avoid the human bias of starting with your favorite number. I would also suggest to buy a set of dice of each color because you can draw randomly your green dice and your red dice from opaque bag. It would randomize the dice production defect that can create a bias.

Well explained (although a rule might be useful with the table :) ) Alas, the govt will probably attempt to band 50% of the alphabet to stop those pesky cyphers from working, as just like the magic money tree, there is no magical clue tree either ;)

Could you post the worksheets you use please?

Weird, someone commented, I have the email, but don't see the comment. Great comment, but my only comment is that AFAIK computers *are* actually up to making proper random numbers now. They are not simply pseudo random generators but many processors are built with TRNG hardware. So using a computer is less of an issue in terms of randomness, but still an issue in terms of security of the key itself.

Now can you change it so you can use a public and private key just like regular encryption? That would be cool to see done with pen & paper as well. So you just need to know the peer's public key and never share the private key,

Wonderful little video, this deserves so many more views! Unbelievable that ordinary people like us understand these simple things, yet actual members of government who are expected to be wise do not! Literally a random person off the street or KZfaq might be more intelligent and educated, than an actual lawmaker who is deciding the fate of an entire nation. It's simply unreal.

Yes

Is a dice random enough? Couldn't a dice have biases that make the code crackable?

I agree

*C O V F E F E*

I've encrypted a message for Google/KZfaq, and, hidden it inside an impenetrable jumble of text GGGGGGGetBentWankersGGGGGGG!

Suggestion for generating code word, use an online password generator and post the result to notepad. Then make one or two random alterations of your own

He should probably not even be using a computer and printer if anything it should all be written by hand or done with a typewriter.

Is this not just a one time pad? Good method non the less.

You intentionally used “Covfefe?”

Can this be cracked of someone gets ahold of half of the key?

how to generate the calculator sheet please?

One Time Pad made easy. ENCRYPT: ((messagecharactervalue + otpcharactervalue) - 1 ) mod charactersetlength DECRYPT: ((encryptcharactervalue - onetimepadcharactervalue) -+1 ) mod charactersetlength

I just posted my ideas on this comment thread about using a Polybius Square cipher with a seven by seven grid, that incorporates randomness with thirteen nulls, and using six dice marked with twenty-six letters & ten numerals. It is in response to the response to my first comment here. God I hate making sloppy run on sentences :-Z

So a 6/6-Time Pad

Covfefe anyone?

While I do enjoy these videos, I think there is some misconception here. The government does not actually want to ban the use of encryption. It wants to introduce enough effort into the process that most end users won't bother. If sending an end-to-end encrypted message is as easy as hitting "Send", everyone will do it. But then government won't know whom to target as a possible dissident.

this is a great method, but it could in fact be decoded by the NSA if they sicked a supercomputer on it for a minute or two

So its basically a pybilius cypher nice and he talks about random numbers nothing in the universe is random we think there random example 938510fte7375497utd seems to be random but there not more random than 123 or ABC just to get that out of the way . All pencil and paper have some thing in common there can be broken white brude force method of the salmon algorithms ( jonze salmon polish mathematician 1911-1963) In a nutshell: if you ad a un even to a other un even number or letter it always becomes even 3and 5 =8 (c and e) the same is true for adding two even numbers. Salmon pointed out to the polish army in 1938 that there simple cypher was flawed in that if you ad a un even number to a even number it always becomes un even dus a tool to decode a secret message example: a and b = c = uneven so atleast one of the letters must be uneven there are 13 even and 13 uneven letters in the western alphabet so there are only 26 possible ways to incode ABBA PLAINTEXT KEYS = DEFAB CYPHER TEXT = EGHB E= UNEVEN SO THE KEY MOST BE EVEN SO E MINUS Y( 25 ) DO THE LIST G IS UNEVEN SO THE PLAINTEXT LETTER MOST EVEN DO THE LIST NEXT WE GOT H IS EVEN SO CAN USE THE LIST HOWEVER WE KNOW THAT THERE ARE ONLY 26 WAYS TO MAKE THIS HAPPEN. SO SALMON CAME UP WITH HIS OWN PENCIL AND PAPER CYPHER XPKVLO EXAMPLE PLAINTEXT " GO TO SAFEHOUSE " HE SCRAMBLES A ALPHABET USING BOOK THIS IS NOT USED AS A KEY BUT AS A DECOY NEXT HE SCRAMBLED UP THE PLAINTEXT USING XPKVLO NOW HE TAKES HALF OF THE BOOK TEXT AND INTEGRATES IT IN TO THE SCRAMBLED PLAINTEXT USING THE OTHER HALF TO ENCRYPT THE NEW " PLAINTEXT " USING MODULAR CALCULATIONS OF A PRIME NUMBER IN THIS CASE 17 BY DOING SO THE MOD 26 OR 36 NO LONGER IS A WEAKNESS AND THE ADDITIONAL LETTERS OFFER MORE SECURITY THIS WAS USED BY THE POLISH AUTHORITIES UNTIL LATE 1978 IT WAS ONLY BROKEN IN 2007 BY A SUPERCOMPUTER AFTER SIX WEEKS OF NO STOP CALCULATING. THE ORIGINAL TEXT WAS 189 CHARACTERS LONG AND REVEALED A 104 CHARACTER PLAINTEXT .......SICK STRONG CYPHER

This is a Vigenere Cipher - those were broken all the time during the last American Civil War

sorry - but your design is even more flawed than enigma: its just poly-alphabetical caeser cipher with one-time-pad-alike key (or better: your key in this example is just longer than the message) - and there're several algorithms out there to crack it also: you still have the issue of securely exchange the key and - most important: you rely on security by obscurity - bad idea uncrackable? NOPE - easy to do and to parallelize - perfect for GPUs and ASICs so - what made the enigma weak? yes, one point you said: enigma prevented a character to be encrypted into itself, but what was even worse: the short and give structure of the messages in the first place - your one-time pad only works when the message doesn't follow a known structure sorry - but you failed at your homework as this is no way secure but only unreadable also: you should had used plain 0 instead of any special character as this special character already gives itself away "hey, i have a special meaning"