Would be interesting if you covered the relatively isolated Orthodox Ethiopian Church, fighting tooth and nail against Islamic expansion as well as European(Italian) Imperialism. They even invaded Yemen at one point to help Byzanitum fight a rogue Jewish kingdom. Their relationship to Ancient civilizations as well as to modern pan Africanist groups such as the Rastas makes it even more unique.

Orthodox Christianity, the Church that can trace it's roots to Christ and His Apostles

Why is it that you never include Cyprus in your orthodox maps, but you include it in your Islamic maps? The island was 80% Orthodox before 1974 and still is a majority Orthodox today.

A neat summary, and I agree with most of it, but once again there are couple of mistakes, or questionable statements presented as fact. It's frustrating when people confidently say incorrect things about your own part of the world. 1. Georgia is a full member of the communion of Eastern Orthodox Churches, and always has been, doctrinally, politically, etc. Unlike Armenia, which adopted Christianity long before Rome did and possesses entirely it's own traditions and origins. 2. Constantine did *not* make Christianity the 'official religion' of the Roman Empire, he simply ended their persecution and took a personal interest in the religion. But Constantine continued the Imperial cult at Rome, did nothing to act against pagans in the Empire (with the big exception of Jerusalum), and seems to have associated Christianity with his own family-cult of Sol Invictus. 3. Christian sects in the early Byzantine Empire did largely adhere to ethnic lines, but Nestorians were a tiny minority, the main non-Chalcedonian (Melkite) sect was and is Monophysite (Copts & Syriacs). Monophysites were at the doctrinal opposite extreme from Nestorians (Melkites are in the middle), and actually initiated the persecution of Nestorians in the first place. Nestorians were overwhelmingly found east of the Byzantine frontiers, in Persia and Central Asia (they even reached Mongolia and gave them their alphabet). 4. "socialist measures" lol. People who regularly watch your channel know what you're implying (centralised bureaucratisation of the economy) but come on, you *know* how misleading describing one of the most hierachical and unequal economic systems on earth as 'socialism' sounds. 5. No major Slavic merchant class *ever*? I think the Republic of Novogorod would be a pretty exception, certainly Jews and Armenians practically didn't exist in Russia then. 6. Lingual Map. Armenian isn't a Caucasian language, it has no connection to Georgian. 7. Attributing Russia's government style to the Mongols, or discussing the conquest generally, is *hardly* 'very taboo' in Russia, and never has been. Actually there are dozens of old sayings, books, films, and even popular songs in Russia about this, too the point its practically a cliche. 8. Belarus/Ukraine weren't seized by a 'Western Christian' Lithuania, when Lithuania conquered these regions it was still an entirely pagan society. Poland also had nothing to do with these wars at this time, it came to share these East Slavic lands much later, with the union. 9. Most Russian soil is actually fairly poor, the ultra-fertile 'black soil' region is mainly found in Ukraine, Tatarstan and the Caspian-steppe, both regions outside of Muscovite control for much of its history. Actually, America has more prime arable land than any other nation, 99% of which *was never even used before* European colonists arrived. 10. Again with the American jingoism, of course the geography was easy to 'adapt' to when your opponents were hunter-gatherer tribes and you had railroads. Nearly all Russia goes *under -30* (imagine coping with this in pre-industrial times) *every year*. The USSR took the overwhelming brunt of WWII, whilst not a single American civilian in America was ever killed, gee, I wonder why USA won the Cold War.. Ridiculous comparison. 11. Communist map. Comments for missing? Well, Indonesia killed about 500'000 people to squash their socialist movement. Also the PKK in Turkey, avowedly Communist but I guess it's Kurdish separatism in practice. Also the MEK and Republic of Mahabad in Iran. And somehow Mongolia is missing.

The middle ages, that wonderful time when Italy was thinking about being like ancient Greece and Greece was thinking about being like ancient Italy.

Just a quick correction: Armenia and Georgia are both Orthodox nations. Georgia is solidly Eastern Orthodox, like the Russians. However, the Armenians are Armenian Apostolic, who are technically a seperate sect of Orthodoxy. However, this is largely because of a theological technicality in the 5th century, and is not really seen as a major issue by the vast majority of Orthodox I know, including myself.

I think you mostly skip the importance of the Bulgarian Empire, and its conversation to orthodox Christianity. They contributed a LOT to the Eastern World and the Slavs migrating in with the invention of the Cyrillic Alphabet, and giving autonomy to the slavs in its empires.

Highly recommend Timothy Ware's "The Orthodox Church" to any interested in Eastern Orthodoxy. Ware is an Englishman who converted to Orthodoxy and has become a Metropolitan (type of bishop). It's very readable for uninitiated Americans, and it gives a lot of this history (and of course some of the theology that undergirds it) in more detail.

An interesting fact is that the western Slavs almost became orthodox. In the 9th century a the duke of Moravia invited greek missionaries to stop the growing HRE influence. They actually developed cyrillic, the alphabet that most of the slavic orthodox nations use today. Anyway the duke was eventually overthrown by Svatopluk. This guy was actually pretty competent and expanded Great Moravia and pushed out the german influence. One of the things he did is that he exiled the orthodox archbishop, because he saw him as having too much influence and also an ally of the previous duke(He also exiled all of his scholars). They then moved to neighboring orthodox states in the Balkans and Russia, bringing the alphabet with them. With this, the catholic church returned to Moravia and stayed there. After the death of Svatopluk there was a power struggle between his sons, right in time when the Hungarians arrived and conquered the territory. After that, the Hungarians adopted the dominant religion, so became Catholic. If it weren't for Svatopluk, it is very possible, that we could've seen European civilizations, divided exactly by the lines of the Iron Curtain.

As a Bulgarian Orthodox person I`m so happy to finally watch this. I though I would have to wait months to see it. Orthodox civilization is puzzling and complex to understand for us also. I could only imagine what it looks like to a foreigner.

There's a great example in the orthodox civilisation of merchant elites taking control: The Merchant Republic of Novgorod. It became a massive Center of culture and trade that was projected towards the Baltic Sea.

This video was basically "What if Byzantium survived " combined with "What if Soviet Union didnt exist"

This civilization videos are the best Christmas gift a KZfaqr has given out, truly amazing content!

The main difference în orthodox civilisations is that, while they all are based on rural people, their lives and troubles, along with their movement to the city, in the Balkans it was more of a fight of the people against the foreign powers and their influence, corrupting their institutions For the russians, their institutions became foreign and started to fight to enslave their own people, using themselves of the old facade of religious grace that enveloped the emperor. The Balkans were far more liberal(when not exploited by the ottomans), and often driven by bodies of smaller nobles leading peasants, or, in the best of times, for states like those in România or Serbia, by a ruler that managed to mobilize the church, the nobles and peasants under themselves

Proud to be orthodox Slav 💪🏻👍🏻😊

As a member of the Orthodox community I'm happy to see a KZfaqr making this type of video. I have always wanted to learn more about the fate and its history.

This is so interesting, ever since you showed that you were going to cover this topic I was like: "What new thing am I going to learn here?" Your channel really is an inspiration @Whatifalthist and although my channel is moving away from Alternative History, my videos will never hold a candle to yours! Keep up the excellent work and stay blessed!

Idea: do Native American civilizations before European contact and how they changed in the process. In particular, I’m interested how advanced they really were compared to Europe. It’s hard to get a clear answer today due to biases on both sides.

I’m Orthodox. Best decision of my life was to become Orthodox.

As an Australian, it’s always funny you don’t include Queensland in your map painting of the west

One problem I'm seeing with this video is that even though you've included Armenias Apostolic Church in "Orthodox Civilization" even though they are technically oriental orthodox (very similar to eastern orthodox), you have not included similar oriental churches I.e. the Coptic and Ethiopian churches. These are very interesting and ancient parts of the orthodox and thereby Christian world that you have neglected to include.

The problem with this “Civilizations” concept is that they are even more vague than nations. For example, Russia isn’t considered European mostly because of USSR formed and cut off the ends with the rest of the Europe and then US tried to unite Western Europe and to finally be a respected nation among other major European powers. Before WWI Russia would be considered as much or even more European than American due to a fact that America was too much about economy instead of culture and because it was very internal and isolationist. And yes, I know Western doesn’t = European. But that’s the point. Some minor changes in history and voila: Modern Southern Europe is now also considered as a unique civilization. They are very connected to Romans and Greeks, they have Catholicism instead of Protestantism which is actually closer to Orthodoxy in many ways than to Protestantism, they have unique and different climate zone etc. Edit: Here are some thoughts about the video. 1. The ruling class that doesn't eat the civilization is not entirely true. Soviet elite's descendants are in many cases already eaten Russia, which lead to 2. No, there was no wide Communist support among peasants even after they seized power. Only poor peasants of northern Russia supported them. And even they would prefer another political group, which was socialist but non-marxist and ethnocentric, namely, SRs. 3. Question: if you look on the faces of Russian aristocracy in 19 century do you see that influence of wide inter-marriages with Mongols? No. That's because there is no one. There is no mongolic influence on aristocracy, because Mongols are far away. But there is relatively large turkic influence since they are Russia's eastern neighbors. And even this influence is diminished by population pressure of core-ethnos. 4. Bad peasants-elites relations have a long story with more dark and more light ages and many reasons. It is also well-explained by thinking about Russian institutions as an older version of European. For example, German peasants lived in pretty harsh conditions too. In fact, they lived badly even in 18 century. And the worst time for Russian peasants was during the rule of Catherine II because she purposefully changed some laws, which means she thought what she's been doing is okay. And she was originally german princess. I don't think this is a coincidence. Edit 2: I don' want my critique to make me seem that I dislike video, it is still very good and sharp. For example, parts about colonization of Southern Ukraine as more important than Siberia and Russia before Revolution developing rapidly and many other parts are good and correlate with what I know. Edit 3: If a civilization is something that linked with patterns, here is a pattern to you: there are cycles of more liberal and conservative rulers (or times, without link to persons) since early 19 century. For example, Alexander I almost gave Russia constitution, Nicolas I was conservative, then Alexander II came, but then he was killed and Alexander III started counter-reforms. It was broken a bit when Nicolas II wasn't liberal by his own desire. I think it would be better if he was liberal by desire (in such case reforms would be better) or if he was fully conservative (Revolution wouldn't happen). Anyway, he was too weak for such a hard time. In modern Russia this cycles are more liberal Yeltzin, early Putin and Medvedev, then more conservative anti-West Putin. So there is probably a high chance for more friendly Russia in decade or two I guess.

Man just drew a straight line from Ancient Rome to modern Russia, mind blowing how good this channel is

I just love how the map at 22:15 is describing how countries conquered by the mongols inherited authoritarianism, and the only one that isn’t included in this rule is mongolia

There іs a huge mistake associating everything Eastern European with Russian and vice versa

YES oh my god thanks, made my day. Classic Civilization yesterday, Orthodox Civilization today. It's a miracle my Greek mind finds too good to believe

I am greek, and I must say this was an amazing story-telling of a 1500 (or even more) year long story. Keep up the good work 👌🏻

You have to take in consideration that Russia suffered the most from the two world wars... they also had two revolutions in the 20th centary and also catastrophic market economy transition in the 90s. Considering all of this... they still remaind a country with 5th economy in terms of PPP and very high human developent index, and also 2nd most powerful army and very lowe debt. Now compare this to the "civilized" catholic world of America and Southern Europe

yo russian here, actually expected more from you (knowing how deeply goes your research) tho it is hard since historical/social science wasn't doing much during communist regime to explore our history thorouly. anyway it is nice to witness your culture being explained on such a great channel. peace!

This channel radicalized me. Oh and thanks for cranking out another exceptional series. merry christmas to all who enjoy whatifalthist!

Great video. However a quick correction: Constantine simply made Christianity legal. Theodosious 1 made it the official religion in 380.

I think you could've covered the Bulgarians more as they were quite influential at the time, at their golden age being the first Slavic cultural hub and being responsible for spreading Orthodoxy to a lot of Slavs and the Cyrillic Alphabet, the successes of leaders like Boris I and Simeon The Great shouldn't really be ignored

This explanation is so badly needed after centuries of Western European centered misinformation and misunderstanding.

As a catechumen to the Orthodox church, I really appreciate the lengths that you went through to highlight this very misunderstood culture. I might have some slight differences in opinion on one thing or another, but so what...overall a bang up job!

@5:42, The question of "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?" was referenced by Thomas Aquinas when he was criticizing the traditional Medieval Scholasticism found in authors such as Duns Scotus, but there is no evidence that anyone in the Eastern Roman Empire or Western Europe ever actually extensively explored such a topic. Aquinas raised the question ironically to criticize the Scholastics' academic methods.

Illyrians weren't as large as you make them out to be. For example Thracians were in modern day Bulgaria and Romania, not Illyrians.

30:00 Gdp per capita (nominal),2021 according to IMF Hungary: 18,075$ Poland: 16,930$ Romania: 14,968$ Ukraine: 3,984$ Putting Romania in the same boat with Ukraine is a bit disingenious I know that Romanians usually talk bad about their country but it must be understand that we are the kind of people that tend to see the glass half-empty

Byzantine Empire to its children: Vodka? Real Orthodox drink wine, amateurs.

0:36 he really said “mystery inside the nigga” lmfaoo

You keep missing the 25 million Orthodox Copts in Egypt. And your old maps ignore the north African Orthodox church as the majority. Also in Lebanon Syria Palestine had some majorities too

Orthodox here! Hope you do a good job!

11:55 i am guessing you just made a mapping mistake, but putting the georgian church under thr Armenian can be considered pretty offensive. There are some similarities but both operate under seperate doctrines and even branches of orthodoxy with georgian being more alike byzantine with armenian going more or less its own way

5:37 The West was able to get a lot of knowledge about the Greek and Roman classics from Muslims during the Crusades, its just that the Muslims got their knowledge from trade and as part of peace treaties with the Byzantine Empire. The West also got a lot of knowledge directly from trade with the Byzantines, or from Byzantine scholars fleeing the Byzantium for the West as the Empire weakened. Both statements are true. There isn't any contradiction. The Arab world also got much of their knowledge from Syriac language texts written by Oriental Orthodox Christians and Christians of the Church of the East, both living and writing within the Arab empire.

The Arabs used to call tedious, overly philosophical and unhelpful conversations "byzantine conversations".

Eventually I’d like a video about how to make a civilisation. Break down all the elements and what certain features cause and what happens when combined with others.

As much as I'm loving the posts every other day now, I would prefer one every week or two over waiting as long as we did lol. thanks Rudyard

broski, I've watched your channel grow and grow and I've seen your content develop into one of my personal favorite channels on youtube. keep it up my man

Eastern Orthodoxy wasn't entirely opposed to classical philosophy. It holds Socrates, Plato and Aristotle to a very high regard, especially compared to other philosophical schools of thought and that's mostly because orthodox theology was greatly influenced by their ideas since the early church fathers had studied under schools that followed their way of thinking. It opposed philosophies before and after "the great Hellenes", with neoplatonism as their most hated enemy.

I'd be interested in future videos on the Byzantines, you talked about several interesting topics that could be future videos from religion to culture. The part about the Balkans developing into a country like France seems like an interesting alternate history too.

I'm loving this understanding civilizations onslaught

By the way, Georgians are actually part of the Eastern Orthodox Church. It’s the Armenians that are Oriental Orthodox. Both are orthodox though.

Dude your content is absolutely incredible! I've learned so much about the history of the world cuz of you.

More please. Awesome content. I dig the upload schedule.

Nice to see 3 videos in the span of a week. Love your videos!

YES! i love this deep dive analysis that frame things on a grand scale, and leaves you with the underlying thread of insight.

Love all these careful summaries of so many different civilizations.

Never clicked faster in my life

28:57 This map is wrong: Hungary never choosed communism. After ww1 it happened as a silent coup of the communists, when they forced the incompetent Karolyi to resign. After ww2 it happened because of the soviet occupation.

I dont know how you keep putting out such high quality on a consistent basis...very interesting and well presented as is your norm.

On the patriarchy map at 11:31 you missed Antioch. Historically far more important than Jerusalem.

I love these back to back uploads!

No. Orthodoxy is not Manichean. Orthodox is indeed highly ascetical, a quality which Western civilization now lacks albeit share same Christian heritage. The Early Church has spent centuries fighting heresies, and among them, Gnosticism ranks as the first heresies (with Simon Magus in Acts 8 as the first heresiarch). The main differences here is that Orthodox believe that the material world and the body are inherently good, but due to the Fall, it needs to be glorified through emptying ourselves from sinful tendencies so that Grace can enter and return it to the original state. This is diametrically opposed by the Gnostics which believe materials are inherently evil and need to be destroyed in order for the soul to be free. The latter, strongly exhibit Platonism and Neo-Platonism tendencies. In fact, Neo-Platonism has been disturbing the Church for centuries as it is technically root of all heresies, like: It is impossible for Christ who is God to become truly Man at same time (Arians, Apollinarian, Docetist, Euthycians), or it is impossible for the Icons to convey God's Grace and can be venerated since those things are mundane (Iconoclast), or it is impossible for Baptism and Eucharist to bring Regeneration and truly be Body and Blood of Christ (like modern Protestantism which also has roots on Bogomils and Tondrakians). Anti-material tendency is strongly associated with Far Eastern religions, who fell to extreme destructive path to attain salvation (like burning themselves in a pyre) or fell to the equally opposite destructive extreme by falsely believed that fleshly desires can be used to attain salvation "if properly used" (like Tantras or Daoist sexual practices). Those have nothing to do with Orthodox, Christian teachings.

Byzantines did NOT debate on how many angels can dance on the head of a pin. It arose as a XVII century critique of medieval scholastics. Even when it is claimed that this discussion took place, this question is attributed to Thomas Aquinas, who in no way was Byzantine.

9:13 thank you for this point. Those who have read Eastern Roman and Byzantine history in depth know that the Romans of the East face existential crisis after crisis in late antiquity and the middle ages year after year.

Damn man you are blowing up with content. Keep it up!

What a great birthday gift :) Don't spoil us too much XD A merry Christmas to you Rudyard. Keep up the good work and keep living that awesome life of yours👍

As historian to historian I don't tend to offend you with my comment, so sorry in advance for my language, but English is not my mother tongue. Ignoring the Bulgarian factor in contributing to orthodox Christianity, also spreading of it, is fairly incompetent. It is well known fact that thanks to the bulgarian church and language (Cyrillic) during the cultural golden period of Tsar Simeon. A lot of emissaries/priests were infact sent to russia to give them a language in which to write and read thus spreading orthodox christianity to the north, and to all slavic tribes and groups. One of the reason why to this day in russian churches priests still sing and read text in old slavonic (or old bulgarian scripture and language)and use the cyrilic language not latin. A lot of books written during the reign of the 1st and 2nd Bulgarian empire were transfered to Russia, while bulgaria was falling under Ottoman rule. One more, there was a period of time when Bulgars had complete orthodox domination and is not something to be taken with light heart. Nowadays Bulgaria find itself in weak period of time, one of the reason its history to this day is not so good familiar to many historians, so as historian to historian I wish that you take a deeper and meaningful look at it. I hope for understanding.

This is a brilliant video, thanks. Just what we needed!

30:30 That cheeky whisper when he stops talking though lol.

I've been listening to the "History of Byzantium podcast" and hearing you say things that happen in the Narrative or are said in the end of the century episodes is really satisfying.

My go-to channel for revising historical facts and arbitrarily bending definitions! I look forward to more videos! 👍

The best half hour I have spent in years. Genius! Thank you!

This is definitely one of the best channels on youtube

Whatifalthist calling out Peter Zeihan’s central thesis. Thats something I never thought I’d see coming.

Kudos for pumping this quality content so fast

as a greek who is intrested in history this is an amazing video where you definitely understand the situation

Proud Orthodox here. Great video, come to our local Greek festivals. There’s good one in Elkins park, Broomall, Upper Darby- I remember correct you live near Philly

it's ironic that the mongols were the only ones on the authoritarianism map that isn't authoritarian.

Having lived in Russia for 5 years and having a wife from there I'd like to add a couple things. The point you make about the government and church working together is spot on, in fact if I remember correctly the two headed eagle of the Byzantine and later Russian Empires is actually representative of this, one head for the state, the other for the church. Also while the modern era might not be best for them, the one thing I notice though about all the ordinary Russians I met there is they all have a strong sense of identity and patriotism, even if they despise the corruption and incompetence of their leaders they are all proud to be Russian and highly defensive of this. They are a people proud of their past, but they lack faith and belief in their system and future. Many want families but lack the means for it, hence the low birthrates, and the government seems unable to raise living standards to allow family formation/expansion. In Russia the saying goes that the price of everything rises, but wages stay the same. This is likely due to the fact that government and internal stability is reliant on the goodwill of the oligarchs who in exchange for near monopolies, either due to being given state-owned firms or horrifying amounts of red tape that prevents competitions, support the state. This drives down efficiency and productivity that are needed to raise living standards, so Russia is caught in an economic rut. Breaking the Oligarchs' power would seem to be the obvious solution, until you realize they'll leave, take their money with them, and leave Russia without capital to develop and throw the country back into economic turmoil. So it's a conundrum, how to fix the modern Orthodox Civilization. I don't know, the only thing I can think of is hope the next generation is raised to be honorable. Perhaps they can fix it.

Actually Nestorian Christianity was only dominant in mesopotamia,The rest of the middle East was split between The Dyophysite Eastern Orthodox Church and The Miaphysite Oriental Orthodox Church

2 uploads in a week?!?! You're amazing

Let me summarize Orthodox civilization in 1 sentence: "And then things got worse."

Great video, but your knowledge on the Caucasus region seems to be lacking. For starters Georgia is an Eastern Orthodox Christian country just like Russia, Greece, Romania etc. Georgia's ecclesial traditions are largely derived from medieval Byzantine orthodox traditions. Armenia on the other hand is an apostolic Christian country. In the maps that you show in the video include the territory of modern Georgia in "Armenian Church" as mentioned above Georgia is an Orthodox Christian country and has been in communion with other orthodox churches since the Chalcedonian Schism back in the early middle ages, therefore it is inaccurate to depict them as part of the Armenian church. Furthermore in your linguistic map of the orthodox world you list Georgian and Armenian as Caucasian languages. The term "Caucasian languages" is a geographical grouping that includes the three isolate families native to and only to the caucasus region: Abkhaz-Adyghe (Northwestern), Veinakh-Dagestani (Northeastern) and Kartvelian (South). The latter of which Georgian is a part of. Armenian is not a Caucasian language but an Indo-European language which makes it related to the other language groups you listed in your map. From what I have read the closest other language to Armenian seems to be Greek. I enjoyed your video however please understand that Georgia is one of the more "Religious" countries in the orthodox world. Saying that it is not orthodox Christian but rather a part of the Armenian apostolic church might come across as offensive to many people from Georgia.

Loving these civilization videos, cover more of them

I've read a Finnish version of Katherine the Great. It was wonderful.

12:41 I was raised as a Christian and later left when I grew up. Later on out of interest I spent a few months studying and annotating scripture unique to the faith I was raised in as well as some background to it. I have to say that the second interpretation presented as the Orthodox one seems much more apparent to me, and it surprises me sometimes to talk to my Christian friends and learn they hold the first view and reject the second. Plenty of times in scripture, Christians are called upon to endure their suffering and take no care for their own sake, giving all to God, for their just reward will be in heaven. You're almost meant to take an oath of poverty. It seems that the people identifying themselves as Christian around me believe that one can be as rich or as poor, caring for their own as much as they can, and that what unites them ultimately is whether they believe or not. I suppose that allows for a variety of social classes and strata and a culture more prone to run away from suffering. Without being an expert, I can't really say which is the "correct" interpretation, I just find the second one here to be more compelling from a scriptural standpoint.

Honestly this deserves a rewatch!

I can't believe I had to wait a whole 25 minutes before whatifalfhist starts shitting on communism :o

The youth of Eastern Europe have started coming back to Eastern Europe to raise their kids. That's what we've always been taught: when your country is in a crisis, go abroad to learn, then bring back what you learned. You can read this outlook on the world in books since the times of the Ottomans.

Such an important topic and I agree in spirit with a lot in this video. The West has misunderstood, mischaracterised and often mistreated Orthodox peoples for centuries. The situation in Ukraine can only be understood within that context (though there is no appetite in mainstream Western media to admit this).

This is an amazing account of Orthodox and Russian beginnings, your channel is gold.

You've mentioned in passing in several videos now the Catholic Church banning marrying cousins in the Middle Ages, and how that affected society and European Civilization. I am both a Catholic and a college history major, so this doubly interests me. Could you either go into it more in depth at some point, or point me to some sources to research further? Thanks! and keep up the great work!

"Russia do be wilding" - winston churchill

"They were respectful for local religious rights". This is the funniest joke ever.

This is an amazing video but honestly there's souch information packed in it's hard for me to keep up. BUT that's a good thing because these are topics and situations I've had no idea about before. So thank you!

I’m from Ukraine, I was brought up orthodox but I don’t know much about it. Thank you for this video

AWSOME VIDEO! I agree with everything you said!

My mother’s side of the family is Ukrainian and Georgian so thank you for this video.

I love your maps, that's why I clicked on your videos and you don't disappoint.

Quick question, how do you think the Orthodox world could regain its strength? What could they do to save themselves?