"This one isn't any worse" High praise coming from Sabine

I can only love Sabine's brutal skepticism

With how hyper-advertised everything is these days, I was expecting a squarespace advert when you mentioned domains

“Physics is wild, man…”

Damn, domain expansion just took on a whole new meaning

I had the pleasure to be lectured by one of the authors of the paper. It is very cool to see Sabine covering one of his papers. Thank you for your videos!!

It’s all more weird than we could possibly understand

The naughty parts of the Universe were put in Solitary Confinement. Source: Hitchhiker's Guide To The Universe

Just wondering ... if these domains have different names ... do we need an intergalatic domain-name-system then?

As the programmer of the Universe, I'm especially proud of black holes. The way growing gravity slows down time where much matter collect ... It is the perfect way to protect my CPUs from overheating when too many interactions in certain locations would otherwise threaten to.

I think, when the domain walls disintegrated they left behind… matter, normal baryonic matter, which is why we have these huge cosmic structures, walls made of galaxy clusters, and why they formed so early.

The galaxy projector sounds good.

Sabine, I find your KZfaq channel to be extremely interesting and funny at the same time, there’s not a whole lot of Matt there that can do that and still make sure you understand things that are complicated to understand. Thank you very much for your channel, I appreciate it and watch it every single day.

First of all I like the idea that there are things out there we can't easily see and that the universe might have different properties elsewhere.

Another interesting but likely untrue idea. But it is actually a lot of fun.

So according to this, maybe both Axions and 1nm primordial black holes comprise dark matter? I would have thought BH's of that mass would have evaporated already. I seem to remember reading about what a very small black hole would do if it were to collide with the Earth, and the answer was kind of surprising - not that much.

Okay, I've been thinking this for a while. There was a video by PBS SpaceTime 2-3 months ago talking about how you can look at what matter is and see it as the surface of a bubble. And you see these empty voids is like "white holes" but there's no light coming from them but space time. This is just further proof.

ive been waiting for a long time to hear more mention of cosmic domain walls

If this is true--and it's been something I've suggested for decades--it is reasonable to surmise that some bubbles would burst as their walls thin. Wouldn't the energy released appear like a big bang?

„Physics is wild, man“ made my day. 😂 Danke, Sabine!

More of this. More of what you've been doing lately. Great stuff.

You never cease to push your limits further. Fantastic vocal and one of my favourite covers to date 🙏🏼🖤🖤

First time I've heard of this theory, and I read lots of science articles ... thanks Sabine for bringing a novel idea to our attention ... though I wonder in addition to gravitational waves if there may be some telltale differences in the light that passes through these domain barriers versus light that has not.

Thank you for explaining the history of the Einstein-Rosen bridge and the Kaluza-Klein stuff, I've seen that stuff a lot but never understood it. THANK YOU!

Very interesting indeed... Some out of the box thinking there... I like it! 😊 Thanks, Sabine! Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

Space is a trip.It never ceases to blow my mind.

Yet another captivating video from Sabine

I’ve enjoyed your articles for years, and I have to say that I *love* your videos. Now I can get a regular fix!

Sabine, your last 2 videos, this one and the one about particle sigularities, have answered so many lifelong dilemmas I have been unsuccessfully trying to figure out on my own. Thank you so much. These are home runs. (And I love Pringle! What else would you expect in the great attractor?)

It feels intuitive to me that’s it’s all fractal, maybe infinity so. But it seems (again, to me) that highly complex systems form similar structures at every level. The resemblance of galactic filaments to tree root systems and neurons has always fascinated me. How they all essentially provide a highway for elements/chemicals. And if we see similar structures at nanometers and megaparsecs, why would it stop there? Up and down

The only thing about the universe I'm sure of is that there is nothing about the universe we're sure of.

7:53 I hope they’re validating their assumptions and not just leaving them as assumptions.

Thanks so much for creating and sharing this informative video. Great job. Keep it up.

It would be cool to actually get a full video where you take apart the assumptions made in the paper. Until the end, where you mentioned the assumptions being quite out therr, I thought this was something new that seems to actually fit observations and could be really cool to follow and receive updates on, but now I am not sure as I cannot even judge how out there the theory is, but maybe I missed it in this video. Cool topic and video!

Another interesting and thought provoking video. I really enjoy your prospective and the levity that you bring to interesting, but complicated subjects

0:05 quiz-question: is it Sabine´s eye?

Cool video I love hearing about new ideas. It helps keep me young at heart and mind.

This is honestly the best Dark Matter explanation I have heard yet

Subir Sarkar uses a quote from Einstein about being pestered to attend a philosophy of Relativity conference. "They are trying to make me swallow something I don't have in my mouth". This is that!

Super interesting, brilliant explanation.....

This is the first time I see a science channel reads ad from other domain, life style. This this peak.

I like the idea of mini/micro black holes being dark matter: don’t have to invent new physics for that. But I’m adverse to the need to invent new particles that we have never seen. Sounds like an other scheme to justify another yet larger collider. I definitely like the pulsar measurement idea. If we could “point” this measurement towards a nearby galaxy (like Andromeda?), maybe one that exhibits a large dark matter signature and one that exhibits a small signature (rotation rate discrepancies) that could be telling. The one thing I dislike about the black hole explanation is that for this to be the explanation of dark matter, there would have to be a whole lot of them, and all over the place. With so many black holes running about surely they would run into stuff (non-dark matter) fairly frequently, and I can’t see that this would not produce a sizable and observable signature. Was the asteroid 60 million years ago a black hole? Probably not since I assume it would have cored out a tunnel as it passed through earth and I don’t think we see any evidence for that. So although I like the idea of black holes for dark matter, I’m left wondering why we have not seen evidence of their existence in a more materiel way than gravity wave detection. So many mysteries yet to solve!

It seems that being no worse than existing hypotheses is the current low bar for dark matter conjectures. That said, even that is not so easily achieved.

This seems pretty similar to a thought I've had for a long time. Aside from domains, I imagined space and the universe sectioned into these less or more dense spaces with matter being weights that create tensions between these different volumes of density. So there's no walls but boundaries that outline larger or smaller areas of space that would even allow light to pass through at slightly different speeds. It doesn't answer dark matter because I think it's a bit beyond being a thing but is more likely the emergent property of our native universe being pushed or wrapped around another, but this explanation gives some insight in how that can work with areas of space being bigger or smaller than others but appearing normally to us. To give an example, light from a less dense region of space might be able to "move faster" by going through and around a more dense region of space, displacing the light to make it appear that the light that went around and the light that went through would show up at different times. From our perspective these distances have not changed, like a fold on a paper. Even though it is more dense it doesn't impede us or look different, but these folds can be shaped by other things pushed and exerting that force around it. Imo the universe as we know it is a vortex being squeezed between other vortexes that are all shaped like Klein bottles but look like black holes.

The first 'soap bubble' example was an image that the Webb telescope, among others, reveals connecting the galaxies, and which made the stars that occupy them, as Suns in those Galaxies. The images show the collections of galaxies and those traveling into the Great Attractor, which would show those 'Collections' and growing to Unknowable extent...but 'We' do have the concept of 'Infinity'...:) I really appreciate these opportunities to watch, think about and comment, Sabine! It is a labor of love for teaching, I know and appreciate it...and the 'Design' bless you!!! :)

I have a question for you. So, tornadoes need a 'ground' to touchdown and form, and whirlpools require a sea floor, to form, as well. Considering how a black hole seems to behave like a 'Spacetime whirlpool' of sorts, does their mere existence indicate that they're "touching down" on something? Does our universe have a bottom? Maybe the 'domain walls'?

We’re used to mass bending space-time down, like the classic analogy using a membrane, but do gravity waves oscillate space-time up as well as down and if so, would mass move away from the positive peaks and would this be an example of antigravity?

I would love to see you go on the JRE podcast. I think you and Joe would have an amazing conversation.

Thank you for the video.

Oooh, I got in on the ground floor of this one. Love your work, Sabine!

I have read Greg Egan Schield's Ladder, and some essays by Lem. The concept of cell like universe is not so weird anymore ;)

So cool! But yeah, sounds that they fine tuned it somewhat...

Hypothetical “Dark Ice” or “Black Ice”: Imagining a counterpart to dark matter and dark energy, we could speculate about a substance called “dark ice” or “black ice.” Conceptualization: Properties: Like dark matter, dark ice would be invisible and not interact with light. It might not absorb or emit any electromagnetic radiation. Behavior: Dark ice could form in regions of extreme cold, perhaps in interstellar space or near black holes. Effects: Gravitational Influence: Dark ice might have a gravitational pull, affecting nearby matter. Cosmic Structures: It could contribute to the formation of unseen structures, influencing the distribution of galaxies. Expansion: If dark ice behaves similarly to dark energy, it might play a role in the universe’s expansion.

A system of cells interlinked within Cells interlinked within cells interlinked within one stem. And dreadfully distinct Against the dark, a tall white fountain played

Just for clarification: the difference in vacuum energy would not be large enough between domains to tear apart any molecule that passes through a boundary. Am I correct? If I am incorrect, then I would think that would create a test, as interstellar and intergalactic space aren't completely empty, and we could see matter getting energized by them.

I love the way Sabine's hair transitions to a different state whenever she is plugging something.

I would love your opinions on the most recent Terrence Howard JRE podcast conversation.

How often would these little black holes run through a neutron star? And would those be dense enough to grab them?

As you mentioned "physics is wild" and I might add getting more scatter brained every day.

One day we migh find out, that we're just specs of dust in a cell in a cell in a cell and the universe is just another cell. But then - no, we cannot find that out. What we can see, is only the world, we are limited to.

🔭I have an interesting question for a next video: Matter that falls into a black hole falls in very quickly from the perspective of the matter. For a distant observer, the matter will appear to freeze right before crossing the event horizon because time dilation is so incredibly strong at the event horizon. Even after trillions of years, the matter still appears "frozen" at the event horizon. In fact, from the distant observer's perspective, it will take an infinite amount of time for the matter to cross the event horizon. 1. Question: How can you explain this paradoxical situation where, on the one hand, the matter does cross the event horizon, and on the other hand, it will never cross the event horizon? 2. Question: This also means that the black hole will evaporate due to Hawking radiation before the matter crosses the event horizon. How can you explain this?

Now yall are finally figuring it out

I do notice sound waves on my iphone when talking between universes - but the wormhole could be unstable causing that -

A slightly different version of domain walls might also explain the antimatter asymmetry problem, and not needing Axion fields, just electromagnetic fields. And they too would produce tiny little kugelblitzs which would be much smaller than asteroid mass, and closer to Planck mass.

Of course. Pringles are the great attractor. Makes so much sense.

Thanks Sabine. I like the mixer board analogy :) It is an interesting concept. (The cell domains) Maybe they are just domain walled multiverses within our multiverse within a black hole within a ... I get a lot of repetition in patterns when analyzing large binary setts. If the data set is large enough the repetition of similar patterns will naturally emerge but it doesn't necessarily say anything meaningful about the actual data. Nature just has a thing about randomish patterns and my natural human instinct attracts me to pretty things.

I thought the great attractor situation was mostly solved. Malmquist bias, a reduction in mass by about 90% and confirmation that most of the motion was in the direction of the Shapley Supercluster.

Feels right... Need to think on it awhile.

Biologists puzzled for quite a while on the problem of the origin of eukaryotes. Enter Lynn Marguilis, stage left. She looked at the diversity of procaryotes, and pondered if symbiosis, or specifically end symbiosis of various procaryotes into primordial eukaryotes. As it happened, she nailed it. Some of her other ideas were not successful, and some even think that she destroyed classical neo darwinism, but I think that is a bit of a stretch. She just fiddled with the scale. The theory did help the idea that you can apply evolutionary ideas to different scales. Is a human an individual, or a huge bag of trillions of cells? The answer depends on what questions you are trying to ask. And answer. Pathogen-immune responses can be studied from an evolutionary ecology perspective. You can use basically the same math as in predator-prey dynamics, the Lotka-Volterra equations. Or you can work out dynamics of human populations. The scales are different, but the basic ideas are the same. Mandelbrot set stuff is very useful in biology, generally speaking. I have no idea how useful it is in physics. As far as biology goes, "mother nature" keeps re-hashing the same basic stuff, [often at different scales] and in the process can produce great complexity, form and function.

I don't think Darkmater is just one thing but it seems like most people do, we know it's there and it's good to have skepticism but I can't see black holes being any part of it, love your program

You can see the effect of domains in nature by looking at smelted ore after it has been poured into a form. You can see the domains interact with it each other as the ore cools. It makes sense to me that the plasma in the early universe would interact in a similar manner.

Well the non uniform cooling would make sense right? If energy wasn't distributed absolutely perfectly after the initial event, then by necessity areas would have cooled slower/faster, so some areas would have had matter form in them much earlier than others. Maybe this is the cause of cosmic webbing, and large voids.

Let us consider this matter from the perspective of Ernst Mach and Einstein. According to Mach, gravity effects everything in the universe. According to Einstein, gravity is just a distortion of space-time. So, I ask, what if the "missing" mass is not dark, but simply out of our sight? Okay, it could well be the combination of the two, but the unseen matter will definitely have an effect. Gravity cannot be stopped by anything.

This! Anthropocentrism at its most extreme. There is absolutely no good reason to believe that physics is the same everywhere and across all time.

Pringles are my favorite chips/crisps. Another great video Ms. Hossenfelder!

Quite likely I'd say (domains) - I'm guessing one black hole runs a domain a bit like a processor runs a PC. Such a processor couldn't run an infinite large domain, so many domains is a neat solution.

Since most natural black holes rotate very rapidly, would these hypothetical primordial ones also spin like crazy? And if so, would that cause their effective cross-section to be much larger than the event horizon, due to the extended frame-dragging effect around it? Would that have implications for their detectability, and/or constraints upon their abundance?

What a fantasy world astrophysics and cosmology have become !

Nanometer-size black holes that we haven't noticed yet ... my mind immediately pops up "Tunguska Event"

So these domains that look like cells is cool because i was thinking of this like a month ago after watching math videos. It’s like the suns cells and when the differences expands out past the relative it’s like the multiverse theory was founded off the domain idea but only because it wasn’t understood. The walls are relative so similar to humans displacing air while walking but not limited. Think of an opposite being able to reveal it because like a light background reveals a darkness and vice versa. The bubbling of the cells expands size but also the differences. I honestly believe the domain idea but it needs more research. Also Terrance Howard has been making some waves with his book. I think he may be on to something with the flower of life. If the same knowledge was found with Euclidean geometry then the lines would be straight and mess up a lot of calculations because it’s straight from point to point but what Terrance is talking about is the areas opposite to what we see. So the sacred geometry reveals the displacement using the circles. It’s wild but makes sense and may fit with the domains. Once you really listen then you can understand, maybe defamiliarize and listen so no thoughts get in the way but i like to take notes. It honestly made me think he was crazy at first but as i listened i saw what he was talking about and it’s like a guy discovering electricity, it’s hard to explain and reveal but through the differences it shares with him and through him to us we can listen and understand easier and if it’s wrong then it’s still valuable data.

I still contend that our measurements that led to the conclusion of dark matter and dark energy are both really negative mass matter, assuming you account for scientists erroneous mistake they usually make when considering negative mass matter.

For a German, saying that "this is not worse than the alternative" is such a high praise. Just like when they say "not bad" when they taste your food.

Very good theory, and it sounds promising, very good chances that might be right

a nanometer scale black hole start to be pretty 'hot, in the 20,000 Kelvin range. would be weird that no-one noticed

Did we at one point cross from a domain with nonzero magic field into one with zero magic field, explaining all the old stories as well as current absence of magic?

I've been betting that space-time has topology over dark energy/matter for a while now. I'll be keeping a close eye on this. I also think that GRs time dilation and contraction are hints.

We're heading to the Pringles Domain? Sounds like an awesome vacation spot, but might get tiresome after, oh, a millenium or so...😁

Dr. Sabine can you review Terrence Howards Theory?

The universe might not be "Steady-State", but it's gonna go on waaay past our lifetimes before we figure out some of these complications. Complications you can drive 50 tractor-trailer rigs through sideways.

I thought that dark matter clusters around galaxies, and that explains the rotational anomalies that are observed. But if teeny black holes come from domain collapse then they would have to migrate to the galaxies somehow? 🤔

The nm-scale black holes must be large enough such that they could not have dissipated since the domain wall breakdown. Given a lot of time has passed, shouldn't there be a considerable difference in apparent mass between regions that are quite close and those that are very far? I don't recall any of your dark matter videos mentioning that dark matter is more concentrated at large distances from us.

The problem with having a lot of micro-black-holes around is that some of them would get into planets and stars -- especially white dwarf and neutron stars -- and cause measurable effects, like a neutron star collapsing into a stellar mass black hole for no apparent reason.

A potentially interesting answer for the question of "Why these physics, but not others?"

Dr. Sabine, the first chapter of your new book is about the Block Universe if the past still exists, your 18 yr old and 5 yr old selves still exist if the future already exists, your 60 yr old self already exists, then Which one is the real you?

"Pringles?" Now I'm hungry. Might now walk to the store and gets some, but have to check my pocket change.

Collapsing walls? Nice to know my house has something in common with the Universe.

As truth goes, it is rarely if ever 'pleasant'. The truth of the universe likely will be no different. Chances are reality, is just not going to be conveniently 'pleasant' for us. Theory of everything? Is there a reason there has to be one? Explanation of our origins? It likely will refuse to be convenient. This episode Sabine, is actually a very interesting discussion.

The known, fundamental phenomenon of dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) explains galaxy rotation curves/dark matter. Mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. It's the phenomenon behind the phrase "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light". Time dilation is just one aspect of dilation, it's not just time that gets dilated. A graph illustrates its squared nature, dilation increases at an exponential rate the closer you get to the speed of light. Dilation will occur wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass such the centers of very high mass stars and the overwhelming majority of galaxy centers. The mass at the center of our own galaxy must be dilated. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is smeared through spacetime. More precisely, everywhere you point is equally valid. In other words that mass is all around us. Dilation does not occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they do not have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. It has recently been confirmed in 6 very low mass galaxies including NGC 1052-DF2 and DF4 to have no dark matter, in other words they have normal rotation rates. This also explains why all planets and all binary stars have normal rotation rates, not 3 times normal

Since dark matter has greater mass than the visible matter, wouldn't the number of asteroid-mass black holes be so huge that you'd find at least one at the center of every star? Maybe even inside giant planets?

The universe has to be balanced, so you can see the "adjustments" as that. Wouldn't it be nice if you could also explain it that way?