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Q&A 19: Can Dark Matter Be Dyson Spheres and More...

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Fraser Cain

Fraser Cain

Күн бұрын

In this Q&A, Fraser wonders how Earth would react if aliens colonized Mars, is it ethical to seed Enceladus with life, and if the total mass of the Universe has changed.
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Пікірлер: 534
@jabronjunklove760
@jabronjunklove760 7 жыл бұрын
If those aliens terraformed Venus for us, I'd say let them have Mars.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
That would be totally fair.
@Eric_D_6
@Eric_D_6 7 жыл бұрын
Venus is already much more habitable for us than Mars is, it would just be in dirigibles, not on the surface.
@jesusramirezromo2037
@jesusramirezromo2037 7 жыл бұрын
Eric D Venus is soooo much harder to colonize, how would you maintain blimps permanently?, how would you get fuel?, where would you get water?, how would you avoid its massive tronados and storms?, how would you get sunligth?, how would you dock spaceships and pass suplies?, how would you even land a creed blimp?, don't let Scifi trick you, Venus is one of the worst places to be at
@Eric_D_6
@Eric_D_6 7 жыл бұрын
Getting to the outside for maintenance is tricky, that's the one valid point you have, but for the inside, you don't need a pressure suit so you can just patch it from the inside and if you have several (which you would) that makes maintaining the outside a lot easier, you just rig some temporary structure between two so you can make that area breathable while working on it then remove it once the maintenance is done. What do you need fuel for? the plan NASA has means there is 40% more solar power available than on earth's surface (so your other point about sunlight is completely wrong) and dirigibles only need a very small amount of electricity to move around with electric propellers (so you can easily avoid storms). I don't even remember a single sci fi thing that I've seen go to venus, I'm sure there is plenty but nothing I've been exposed to, it's mars that most sci fi goes to and tricks people into thinking is easy. All you have to do is google, "venus dirigible plan" and it takes you to NASA's High Altitude Venus Operational Concept (HAVOC) which counters all of your concerns and of course mentions some you hadn't thought of but it still seems much easier to overcome the challenges there than on the surface of Mars to me.
@davismohammed2319
@davismohammed2319 3 жыл бұрын
i realize I'm kinda randomly asking but do anyone know of a good website to watch new series online ?
@zoopdterdoobdter5743
@zoopdterdoobdter5743 7 жыл бұрын
Aliens claiming a planet in our solar system? This is a 4x players question. Answer: play nice till we finish researching the next branch on the missile tech tree.
@Snowy123
@Snowy123 7 жыл бұрын
Never Simple after ICBMs what's next? Inter solar system ballistic missiles? ISSBM?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
I'd like to see the movie or read the book. Maybe I'll just do that to aliens in Stellaris. See how they feel about it.
@chadbaptiste4227
@chadbaptiste4227 7 жыл бұрын
ISSBMs are my new favorite things!
@Snowy123
@Snowy123 7 жыл бұрын
FRASER! YOU PLAYED STELLARIS TOO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
@jabronjunklove760
@jabronjunklove760 7 жыл бұрын
The aliens couldn't pierce our sphere of influence. Just our collection of porn alone would have them converting to humanism in droves.
@EdWalzak
@EdWalzak 7 жыл бұрын
Even though you showed us how you walk into the rainforest and choose your location, the lighting and focus today make it look especially like you're in a studio with a green screen. 😂😂😂
@ignaty8
@ignaty8 7 жыл бұрын
I totally agree! I thought at first that a joke was coming where Fraser would say that THIS particular episode was made with a blue screen.
@deanwcampbell
@deanwcampbell 7 жыл бұрын
I agree too. I mean, if NASA can fake the moon landings, i'm sure Fraser can fake being in the woods. :-)
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Yeah, we're still trying to figure out how to use the new camera and lighting.
@truckcaptainstumpy1978
@truckcaptainstumpy1978 7 жыл бұрын
you could always use explosives... it may not help with the lighting but you will have some awesome footage! especially if you put some gasoline mixed with detergent.... it makes a beautiful fireball! LMFAO
@EdWalzak
@EdWalzak 7 жыл бұрын
We notice that you're experimenting. I can see your use of lighting improving recently, like using the hair light and eliminating mottling from natural light coming through leaves, etc. If you really want to feel good about where you are no go re-watch "How Long Does it Take to Reach Earth" and remember how far you've come.
@CSGJSZ
@CSGJSZ 7 жыл бұрын
Dear Fraser, just wanted to let you know that I really​ love your show! I strongly disagree with one of the questions, your way of individually thanking your patreons is exactly the opposite of subtle product placement, I think it's a very good way. You deserve every support you can get! Keep up the awesome stuff, it doesn't matter if with a concentrated or laughing face, you convince with your contents alone!!! ;)
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Thanks, I'm glad you're enjoying them. :-)
@NathanaelDuke
@NathanaelDuke 7 жыл бұрын
no1youknowz I'll probably be one of the last humans in America with a job because of my career choices. I want a Universal Basic Income to exist for your benefit when your job is given to a robot or an AI.
@NathanaelDuke
@NathanaelDuke 7 жыл бұрын
no1youknowz I get where you're coming from, but please don't presume to condescend and ask me to educate myself. We both enjoy channels like this because we enjoy the pursuit of knowledge and seek to improve our own understanding constantly. All currency is a portable stand-in for goods and services to be rendered at a later date. The only thing a Universal Basic Income does is assert that all people living in a land should have access to a minimum standard of access to goods and services. These goods and services do not belong to governments, but governments do regulate currency, and therefore are responsible to their citizens to distribute these tokens representative of value equitably. The reason I'm for a Universal Basic Income is because without government, people have access to the land around them and it's produces if they choose to take their opportunity and do something with it. When there are three times as many people seeking work as there are job openings (as is the case in my home country, the United States of America) and when there is a government, that government should ensure that its citizens don't starve to death for reasons beyond their own control. When there are fewer job openings than people seeking work, the folks who can't get a job aren't at fault, and we shouldn't treat them that way. In case my statement about UBI being for you seemed offensive, I apologize. It was a statement made from the perspective of statistical truth, but sounds condescending having read it a second time. If you review my citations, you will see that a trend is developing, fueled by technological advancement, where it will soon become impossible to find work no matter how skilled an individual is because a machine will always do the job more effectively. The notable exception in the charts currently is Healthcare and social services, but IBM's Watson is being heavily pushed in this sector, and is already outperforming career doctors in accuracy of diagnoses and quality of research. mobile.nytimes.com/2009/09/27/business/economy/27jobs.html stateofworkingamerica.org/charts/unemployed-and-job-openings-by-industry/ www.zerohedge.com/news/2017-03-07/if-you-think-your-job-one-cannot-be-automated-youre-rude-awakening
@MitchCrane
@MitchCrane 7 жыл бұрын
I don't think we'd have the balls to start a war with alien galaxy travelers capable of colonizing planets in distant star systems. At least I hope not.
@christianskytte5507
@christianskytte5507 7 жыл бұрын
Mitch Crane we humans aren't known for our local decisions,
@MitchCrane
@MitchCrane 7 жыл бұрын
I mean, it's not like we elect infantile reality TV stars as our national leaders.
@MrKago1
@MrKago1 7 жыл бұрын
Mitch Crane we'll just build a wall between us and mars. sad thing is, it would be about as effective and isn't any less ridiculous. and he's in charge of nukes. *shivers*
@larrybeckham6652
@larrybeckham6652 7 жыл бұрын
I just hope we have brains not to go to war.
@MrKago1
@MrKago1 7 жыл бұрын
Larry Beckham I like how it was put in War of the Worlds, it wouldn't be anymore of a war than an ant going to war with a boot. I doubt we would go to war with the aliens. far too many people would be using their presence to hold others down for their own gain. crabs in a bucket on a global scale.
@TheJollyGamerJoe
@TheJollyGamerJoe 7 жыл бұрын
Question: Can we see the next Q&A with you up a Tree?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Hah, we'll make it more clear next time until you people finally believe us.
@jblob5764
@jblob5764 6 жыл бұрын
Fraser Cain I'm not on board with the green screen conspiracy theory but a tree would be funny
@MusiCaninesTheMusicalDogs
@MusiCaninesTheMusicalDogs 7 жыл бұрын
I'm sorry, but I will only believe you're not using a green screen when I see you climbing one of those trees. 😁
@UpcycleElectronics
@UpcycleElectronics 7 жыл бұрын
If aliens came to take over Mars, we should all go cozy up to a campfire and listen to some native American stories. It's already over for us.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
They might have a lot to teach us. Sadly, we've seen how this plays out.
@tylerljohnson
@tylerljohnson 7 жыл бұрын
Fraser - I enjoy the patreon segment & hearing names of those who support the channel.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Exactly!
@justachick9793
@justachick9793 7 жыл бұрын
I like that Patreon shout-out during the video. It's cool to see a channel appreciate it's supporters like that. 👍
@Boomstickfan495
@Boomstickfan495 7 жыл бұрын
Thanks for answering my question! It's kind of interesting you'd only get a slight increase in the bullet's velocity, but it makes sense because nothing would really affect the muzzle velocity, but the lower gravity wouldn't slow the bullet as much which would allow it to travel farther and straighter.
@discingaround
@discingaround 6 жыл бұрын
I like that you list your Patreon supporters. Currently I'm not a Patreon supporter of yours or anyone else, but I do get a lot of enjoyment from you videos and am seriously considering joining Patreon just to support you. Thank you so much for hours of learning, laughs and entertainment.
@frasercain
@frasercain 6 жыл бұрын
Thanks, I'm really glad that people can support what we do, and it beats putting stuff behind a paywall or really invasive advertising.
@Sold_a_dummy
@Sold_a_dummy 7 жыл бұрын
Besides the information, the background in your videos are the best part. I really like them, especially rain days.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
So many rain days.
@terrybradford3727
@terrybradford3727 7 жыл бұрын
i like the patreon thank you portion. they allow me to share this amazing stuff with my kids. So thank you Patreons for making this episode possible.
@Strideo1
@Strideo1 7 жыл бұрын
The CGI effects for this show are great. I could almost believe you're outside in the woods somewhere!
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
That's what we strive for.
@MetricZero
@MetricZero 7 жыл бұрын
Fraser thank you so much for bringing these videos to us. Keep being awesome!
@christianskytte5507
@christianskytte5507 7 жыл бұрын
Let's just put tardigrades on all the planets in our solar system
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Are we just building space ships for tardigrades?
@ellieoconnor5876
@ellieoconnor5876 7 жыл бұрын
1st vid I have watched on your channel, really good so you got a new sub. I was watching a video about interstellar travel and you popped up so meh I'm here :]
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Thanks, welcome to the channel!
@punkyroo
@punkyroo 7 жыл бұрын
SEEDING LIFE: Agreed! For the reasons you provide I think its basically our duty to spread life everywhere in the universe that we can stuff it. And, let's be real, wherever we go other life will hitch a ride, no matter how clean we think things are. Like rats on the ships of early explorers.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
We'll be spreading life into the cosmos, whether we like it or not.
@dev1004
@dev1004 7 жыл бұрын
stumbled upon you thru vsauce .. and instantly subscribed. I love the questions and the fact you actually reply. keep it up don't know why you don't have more subs already!
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
+Dev C C wow, that's cool. Was it in a recommended video beside Vsauce?
@dev1004
@dev1004 7 жыл бұрын
Fraser Cain yes indeed.
@streak1burntrubber
@streak1burntrubber 7 жыл бұрын
Titusville is also a great place for watching launches. You can see the VAB from across the river here, and there are plenty of hotels around. Traffic can get pretty busy, though. But I think is better. You are a lot closer than at Cocoa Beach, so the view is a ton better. Cocoa Beach is 720p., Titusville is 1080p. Cape Canaveral is 4k.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
I've spend some time at Titusville too, it really depends on where the rocket launches from. There are some causeways in between from Titusville. But I agree, it's fine too.
@jeffmathers355
@jeffmathers355 6 жыл бұрын
Growing up in Tampa on the west coast of Florida, we could see the shuttle going up during night launches. It didn't even have to be a super clear night to see it. For anyone who hasn't taken the trip to KSC, it's worth it. You have no idea how bright, powerful, and awesome these rockets are until you've seen them in person. Also, to add to Fraser's suggestion, there are also camping options in the area if you want to see a launch on the cheap. For my money, the best site not directly on the cape is one of the waterfront parks just across the intercoastal. There are several spots where you have a direct line of sight to the pads. Bring a chair, a cooler, and binoculars, and be prepared to sit in traffic for a few hours after its over. But totally worth it.
@lkerner
@lkerner 7 жыл бұрын
You rock
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
@thomas-lt1qt
@thomas-lt1qt 7 жыл бұрын
For the first question, here is what I think : If aliens were able to come to earth, it would mean that they have powerful ships capable of travelling near the speed of light, or at least really advanced technonology that allows theim to travel huge distances. So, I think that the humans will make a deal like "ok we give you Mars but in return you teach us about everything you know, your enginerring etc etc". Afterall, Mars, in human's mind, is the "next earth", the planet that we are "supposed" to collonize. But if we are able to find something better than Mars by travelling to other stars, I really don't see any problem
@cortster12
@cortster12 7 жыл бұрын
That Mars question is outstanding. My take on it is that we may freak out, but it's not like we could do anything about it. What are we going to do? Declare war on the interstellar alien civilization?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Right, so I wonder what that would do to our psychology? Would we have some kind of collective anxiety disorder?
@Tehom1
@Tehom1 7 жыл бұрын
6:42 Nitpick / pet peeve: E = m c^2 is from a paper by Henri Poincare in 1900, 5 years earlier than Einstein. Both Poincare 1900 and Einstein 1905 have it as m = L/c^2, "L" being the old symbol for energy.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Poor Poincare.
@Tehom1
@Tehom1 7 жыл бұрын
Well, he's not entirely forgotten. The Poincare conjecture, famously proved by Grigori Perlman a few years back, was his. The Poincare group was his work too - it's the basis of how modern physicists define a particle, since with quantum uncertainty being a thing, defining a particle as "pointlike" doesn't work any more. He was a brilliant world-class mathematician, so there are references to him in all sorts of places.
@elfangelic
@elfangelic 7 жыл бұрын
What's energy made out of? Does that question even make sense? Also, what's space and time made out of?
@wokeil
@wokeil 7 жыл бұрын
Elfdemon space is just space and time is just a concept
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
We don't really know.
@elfangelic
@elfangelic 7 жыл бұрын
+Fraser Cain Yeah, that's about the answer I was expecting lol. Thanks for answering though, your videos are great!
@davecarsley8773
@davecarsley8773 7 жыл бұрын
Regarding _dark dysons_: I'm sure the next logical question would be "what if they could hide the IR signature?" The answer would still be no because dark matter makes up too much of the total mass measured by gravitation. Even if half the stars were covered by dark & undetectable dysons, it's still not enough to account for dark matter.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Dark dysons, that's an awesome name. :-)
@Ali107
@Ali107 7 жыл бұрын
8:50 He meant that "you should mention the patreon members should be mentioned at the end"
@sabinor2560
@sabinor2560 7 жыл бұрын
What's your favorite type of sci-fi FTL? Mass relays (Mass Effect) Warp Drive, Jump Drive (Battlestar Galactica)
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Stargates. I want to walk into one ring, and walk out on another world.
@jamespurks1694
@jamespurks1694 7 жыл бұрын
Great video. Your videos are always interesting, but I will grant some more than others. You have posted some that I would have been happy if they lasted an hour or so.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
So you're approving hour long questions shows? :-)
@jamespurks1694
@jamespurks1694 7 жыл бұрын
Fraser Cain In some cases yes because the topic is so interesting. I realized this may not be practical because of the extra stress and strain it would put on you. I have long had an interest in physics.
@davecarsley8773
@davecarsley8773 7 жыл бұрын
The Mars/aliens thing raises another fantastic question: In all our talk about future interstellar human explorers going to and colonizing Alpha Cen and beyond, re-fueling our spaceships on astronomical bodies, etc., has anyone ever stopped to think about what our psychology and tendencies would lead _us_ to do if another form of life, slightly behind us in technology but still intelligent, was there to say _"No; you can't colonize that planet. And no, you can't refuel your spaceship with hydrogen from Proxima Cen. That's not right. Centauri is _*_our_*_ home; _*_our_*_ solar system; these are _*_our_*_ resources"_ ?? Unfortunately, I think I know what we'd do.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Yeah, unfortunately, this scenario has played out in the past.
@snm359
@snm359 7 жыл бұрын
Another dark matter question, we know a lot of matter has been accelerated to speeds approaching the speed of light thereby increasing its mass. Areas around galaxies and galaxy cluster would have more of this form of matter because that's where most of the accelerators are. Do we have any idea of how much mass this actually is?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
I'm not sure there is much mass that's been accelerated that much. The occasional cosmic ray particle, but that's about it. Galaxies might be moving thousands of kilometers per second, but that's still a fraction of the speed of light.
@piotrjasielski
@piotrjasielski 7 жыл бұрын
QUESTIONS: 1. How would clouds behave in an O'neil Cilinder? Would we have a stable weather or perhaps there would still be job openings for forecast presenters? 2. Hypotetically could we have an array of planets on the same orbit in the Lagrange points? Would large planets on another orbit like Jupiter disturb the balance in the array? If we can't go that far perhaps 2 planets on the same orbit but opposite sides of the sun is a possibility? Thank you in advance and keep up the great work!
@JustOneAsbesto
@JustOneAsbesto 7 жыл бұрын
I thought you guys were greenscreening it for a while too. I've just never seen nature be as still as it is in most of your videos. It's almost eerie.
@JustOneAsbesto
@JustOneAsbesto 7 жыл бұрын
Actually, I think I JUST realized what it probably is. It's the microphones. Specifically the windsock, making it so none of the ambient sounds of being outside (wind, leaves rustling, crickets chirping, etc) get through. It's tricking our brains into thinking the background is fake.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
We pick and choose our times when we shoot. We actually want cloudy skies, but not rain. And we never go out when there's much wind. But a couple of episodes there was a happy chirping bird that you couldn't miss.
@nicholasshaski6613
@nicholasshaski6613 6 жыл бұрын
I think the question about dark matter possibly being dyson spheres should be considered more. You said those would produce infrared radiation. While I'm in no way educated about the subject (beyond the minimum), the follow up question seems to be: Can you somehow "hide" infrared radiation? Especially in this context.
@frasercain
@frasercain 6 жыл бұрын
Hiding infrared radiation means that you're holding in heat. So whatever's inside the Dyson sphere will get hotter and hotter until you let it out. If aliens can handle their system being hotter than the Sun, then they can do it.
@nicholasshaski6613
@nicholasshaski6613 6 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the answer. Now I really feel like I'm talking because of lack of proper education (working on it), but first thing that comes to mind would be managing that heat in a very efficient manner (perhaps on the level unimaginable to us right now), but again I'm only talking about my uneducated guess here:)
@Djephrie
@Djephrie 7 жыл бұрын
love your video's! learned a lot from this channel! I like that you say the petreons names in the middel of the video and I never thought you look depressed :) hahaha
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Thanks, I'm glad you're enjoying them. :-)
@SirThanksalot_1
@SirThanksalot_1 7 жыл бұрын
about the final question: I don't think we have the exact same amount of mass as at the big bang event, because mass gets converted into energy (a small portion though). Mass has been described as a manifestation of energy, so I would say the total amount of energy is still the same as at the beginning.
@m_chupon5131
@m_chupon5131 7 жыл бұрын
The Dyson Spheres = Dark Matter idea seems unlikely to me too, but what if the builders managed to vent all excess infrared in the form of beams aimed at the horizon of the universe? Then they could be effectively invisible with no thermodynamic problems.
@polygonz3113
@polygonz3113 2 жыл бұрын
I agree this idea shouldn't be discarded based on 'it would leak infra-red'.. Seems possible to me that an advanced civilization could somehow utilize the infra-red energy with everything else.. I think the idea that dark matter = alien light blocking in some fashion is very interesting..
@julienguieu5636
@julienguieu5636 7 жыл бұрын
Re the last question: Isn't it the mass-energy of the early universe that is the same as that of the present universe, rather than the mere mass? Some mass is constantly being turned into energy through various reactions, and vice-versa, so isn't it unlikely that the mass of the universe is now exactly the same as it was shortly after the big bang?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Great point, I should have been more precise. Energy and mass are interchangeable via e=mc2. So really, it's the total mass/energy of the Universe that doesn't change.
@bozo5632
@bozo5632 7 жыл бұрын
Thank you for asking, you saved me the effort. : ) Yes, it's the mass-energy budget that supposedly stays the same. (I'll believe it when I see the final accounting lol.) Weirdly, the Grande Total is supposedly zero.
@extraterrestrial...
@extraterrestrial... 7 жыл бұрын
Cool! You are one of not so many doing this the best!!
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Thanks a lot!
@rustymustard7798
@rustymustard7798 7 жыл бұрын
I've got a question, instead of describing inflation as an "expansion" in a spatial reference, would it be more useful to describe the event as more akin to a eutectic phase change than an expanding balloon analogy? The evolution of the universe is really more of a series of changing states than a small thing becoming a big thing. How about putting it in terms of an infinite space undergoing changes in its laws that result in the observed expansion effects?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Expansion is the right term, I think, because the density of the Universe is constantly decreasing.
@rustymustard7798
@rustymustard7798 7 жыл бұрын
Fraser Cain I do agree that is technically what is happening, but I think the nomenclature is insufficient and find many still consider expansion and explosion synonymous.
@chrisgonzalez6594
@chrisgonzalez6594 7 жыл бұрын
Your videos are awesome keep it up! So here's a question, in Carl Sagan's book, Pale Blue Dot, he mentions that at a distance of around 550 AU, gravitational lensing from the sun should theoretically allow us to see the universe with unmatched clarity. If we had the tech to do this, what would be the first thing (or place) you'd look at and why?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
I'd want to look at Alpha Centauri and see if there are planets there.
@Seadalgo
@Seadalgo 7 жыл бұрын
Inspired by watching a black hole obliterate a star that passed too close: Is it possible given enough energy to 'stir' a main sequence star to extend it's life or make it throw an amazing solar flare? Or is that barrier that creates the core something that nears some kind of physical limit?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Here you go, we did a video on this: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/q6qgbNKBu9Cuk2Q.html
@plasma06
@plasma06 7 жыл бұрын
What would it take to build a space elevator? And could we use the weightlessness of space to assist in moving things from the surface to the top of the space elevator?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
We did an episode all about space elevators here: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/gK2kpKVmsLO3YX0.html
@robertchaffee5662
@robertchaffee5662 7 жыл бұрын
How come the leaves on the plants behind you don't move? No breeze there?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Not this time, we were really lucky. It's tough to keep the wind noise out of the mic.
@ecvent0r
@ecvent0r 7 жыл бұрын
Hey Fraser! I have a question, physicists often talk about how the universe is expanding due to space itself getting bigger and objects drifting apart, but I wonder is it really the space itself that is expanding or is it just matter drifting apart in an infinitely spacious universe. From my understanding all the evidence that we have is that distant galaxies are redshifted more than the closer ones, and the cosmic microwave brackground radiation. Knowing just these facts I don't see how we can claim for sure that space is expanding as opposed to matter drifting apart, or are we just trying to avoid the trap of matter in distant galaxies potentially moving >= speed of light?
@truebaran
@truebaran 7 жыл бұрын
QUESTION: could you please explain and compare the following notions: particle horizon, hubble sphere and event horizon (for the universe) in particular why they are all distinct?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Interesting question, I'll tackle this in a future video, I think.
@jamesroberts9974
@jamesroberts9974 7 жыл бұрын
One for your Q&A show... In a nutshell:"How do we navigate in space?" I am frequently astonished that we (The space agencies) can navigate through space with enough precision to put a lander on Mars, perform a flyby of Pluto or send a probe through the rings of Saturn. How is this miracle accomplished?
@tripzero0
@tripzero0 7 жыл бұрын
Question: What are advantages of a CH4-based propellant over traditional hydrogen/oxygen propellant.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
It's easier to make on Mars.
@jayteegamble
@jayteegamble 5 жыл бұрын
I've often thought about that. What if they claimed Antartica (nobody is living there)? Ultimately it probably comes down to the fact that we can't do anything about it.
@frasercain
@frasercain 5 жыл бұрын
You can go live in Antarctica if you like, it just sucks.
@philhellenes
@philhellenes 7 жыл бұрын
For the record, I think that was the first time you've used a "foresty" greenscreen.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
We need to rotate out the greenscreens.
@philhellenes
@philhellenes 7 жыл бұрын
OR...hire a leaf animator. :) Thank you for what you do.
@davecarsley8773
@davecarsley8773 7 жыл бұрын
Before the science trolls start- Fraser was obviously saying the *moons* of the outer planets would become water worlds, not the outer planets themselves
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Did I say planets? Well, if Alan Stern and crew's new definition comes through, then moons are planets.
@doneadead
@doneadead 7 жыл бұрын
He: "I'm a journalist." Me: "Wow"
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
I've been covering space and astronomy news for 18 years.
@doneadead
@doneadead 7 жыл бұрын
That moment when one of your favourite science KZfaqrs also became your favourite journalist :) Keep up the good work!
@cluckeryduckery261
@cluckeryduckery261 6 жыл бұрын
"Would we start a war with a civilization capable of interstellar travel?" That entirely depends on how suicidal we're feeling that week. Because they'd crush us with no effort whatsoever.
@cyrilio
@cyrilio 6 жыл бұрын
Why would a Dyson sphere be leaking infrared? Couldn’t that also be collected and used by an advanced civilization?
@frasercain
@frasercain 6 жыл бұрын
If you don't radiate the heat away, then you just get hotter and hotter. Even if you capture that heat, eventually you need to let it escape.
@punkyroo
@punkyroo 7 жыл бұрын
ALIENS ON MARS: We would freak out. I'm pretty convinced humans will freak out if we find intelligent life. We will freak out even harder if that life comes too near to us. And we would probably extra spaz if they decided to settled on Mars because we have already (at least in our heads) marked that territory as ours.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Yup, that's my feeling too.
@clintwolf4495
@clintwolf4495 6 жыл бұрын
Great point about the mass. It would seem to me, though, that, over time, mass diminishes as it is turned into energy in the cores of stars. What do you think?
@NicosMind
@NicosMind 7 жыл бұрын
I liked how at the start you walked up to the place where you took the photo for your green screen and then you gtfo. Very clever ,^_^,
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
We'll do what it takes to make you believe the lie that we shoot outside.
@razeshormaharjan1508
@razeshormaharjan1508 7 жыл бұрын
in a double slit experiment, when a electron is passed through two slits, it breaks up into two and produces interference patterns and when it is watched, it produces pattern of two bands instead of interference pattern. But how can a electron be aware of it being watched?
@101perspective
@101perspective 7 жыл бұрын
You should take a green screen out into the woods with you one time. Have a woods background on the green screen. Then have it flicker slightly or something so people freak out about it being a green screen. Then at the end of the video pan out and show that it is a green screen but you are still in the woods. lol
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Maybe on April fools?
@roosterspy
@roosterspy 7 жыл бұрын
Hi Fraser, I find it interesting how the sun's gravity is -274.2ms^2 and absolute zero is -273.15°C, is there a reason why these numbers are so similar?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Sounds like a coincidence to me. Like the size of the Sun and the Moon in the sky from Earth.
@cavemaneca
@cavemaneca 7 жыл бұрын
Here's a question. Why couldn't a type 2 civilization also absorb and use all of the infrared radiation as well as the visible light? We theorized that they can surround a star completely, but isn't it possible that by that time they also invented much more efficient collectors?
@BHRxRACER
@BHRxRACER 6 жыл бұрын
So if the mass of the universe is constant, and more energy = more mass, does that mean dark energy is being formed from normal mass/energy in the universe or does it not fall under relativity?
@frasercain
@frasercain 6 жыл бұрын
We don't know what's actually creating the dark energy. It seems to be a property of space itself
@cicad2007
@cicad2007 7 жыл бұрын
Given that the universe is expanding and everything is getting stretched out, including light into a cosmological red shift, and longer wavelengths of light have less energy, [Energy = (Planck’s constant X speed of light) / Wavelength ] so as the wavelength of light gets longer its energy decreases. Therefore, the law of conservation of energy does not always apply?
@leonbenj
@leonbenj 7 жыл бұрын
Wow some very interesting questions in this segment.. thnx for answering them.
@rebelbeammasterx8472
@rebelbeammasterx8472 7 жыл бұрын
Why does everything lose energy? Why does light get stretched out?
@ROBOCAM3000
@ROBOCAM3000 7 жыл бұрын
I know it might sound like a stupid question, but hey, sometimes stupid questions have interesting ways of saying "No." Given unlimited time and resources to do so, could you live on the sun? Either on the surface of the sun (obviously unlikely due to it not being solid as far as I know) or in some sort of cloud city style floating habitation domes.
@jerry3790
@jerry3790 7 жыл бұрын
If we discovered life on Enceladus but found Europa to be void of life, should we "seed" it with life from earth or Enceladus
@icurhuman2
@icurhuman2 7 жыл бұрын
Here's a question: As there are no two leaves, blades of grass, or grains of sand that are identical, could it be that the same applies to stars, planets and atoms? If so, what might that imply?
@MatthewOstergren
@MatthewOstergren 7 жыл бұрын
I think a lot of people would completely freak out and it would definitely spur tons of paranoia. Personally, I would relish the opportunity to exchange cultural ideas, art, literature, music etc. and perhaps technology. Anyways if aliens showed up that were advanced enough to travel interstellar distances and colonize planets, we wouldn't stand a chance against them anyways, so there's no point in worrying. If they want Mars and haven't invaded Earth then it's pretty obvious they mean it.
@tripzero0
@tripzero0 7 жыл бұрын
RE: black hole absorbing energy: same thing is true for all matter: as it absorbs photons, it just gets more massive.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Yup, if a black hole absorbs photons, it gets more massive.
@n-steam
@n-steam 7 жыл бұрын
RE: Mass of the universe. Isn't the mass of the universe getting lighter? With all the hydrogen being turned into helium, there must be some overall effect? Unless all that energy is being turned back into mass someplace.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Well, I was talking about the total mass/energy of the Universe. But that's a good point.
@toniraggett677
@toniraggett677 7 жыл бұрын
Now I understand gravitational lensing and how it works but what I don't understand is how do they put together an image of a galaxy in the background only using partial arcs of light?
@mekky8230
@mekky8230 7 жыл бұрын
are there stars that emit red light? if so how do we differentiate between normal red light vs red shifted light?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
You can tell through spectroscopy, by analyzing the chemicals in star's atmosphere. You can see how those chemicals are red shifted and that tells you how fast the star is moving.
@Eric_D_6
@Eric_D_6 7 жыл бұрын
hmm, J and L also work, I always use the arrow keys or scrub with the mouse.
@rebelbeammasterx8472
@rebelbeammasterx8472 7 жыл бұрын
A being of pure energy is a human. Matter and energy are the same thing. The trope in sci-fi comes from a fundamental misunderstanding of energy.
@ramonvaldez2339
@ramonvaldez2339 7 жыл бұрын
QUESTION? Mr. Cain, first off, I enjoy your videos and hope you keep making more. If interstellar travel is highly unlikely given the vast distance between stars, not to mention harmful radiation, why do we put so much effort into finding habitable planets? It's not like making a trip to them is possible. Why not devote our energy and resources to fixing Earth and finding ways to keep it safe. Thank you.
@danielhughes6896
@danielhughes6896 7 жыл бұрын
Why do we think that dyson swarm will emit detectable amounts of infra red? Possible sources of Infra red would be: 1. Inefficient solar panels (light absorbed by the panel but not converted, heating the panel and then being emitted as infra red) 2. Local use of the collected energy? The laws of thermodynamics dictate that most of the energy would end up as heat. If a civilisation was advanced enough to create a complete dyson swarm, Isn't it also likely that they have very efficient solar panels. How efficient would that panel need to be before our equipment couldn't detect the infra red? It is also quite possible that the civilization doesn't use the energy locally at all. But rather uses the energy for inter stellar travel. Which requires an insane amount of energy. So if you combine these two. Very high efficiency panels with non local power usage then you have a dyson swarm which we can't detect via infra red, but only by gravity. IE dark matter.
@disinclinedto-state9485
@disinclinedto-state9485 7 жыл бұрын
Some pretty cool questions... and some great starting points for sci fi stories! With regards to seeding life on Enceladus (or anyone else for that matter), it's interesting that you assume life for life's sake is worth it 'ethically', without considering how awful that life might be for the organisms themselves. Initially we might just be talking about bacteria... no central nervous system, no "suffering", no problem. But anything more complex either introduced by us, or reasonably anticipated to evolve after our interference... that would ethically be our responsibility, right? I'm not saying we shouldn't do it, but my opinion is that the capacity for non-human creatures to suffer should always be factored in to any 'ethical' decisions. We factor in human suffering instinctively, but seem to be a bit blase about other species suffering, as though somehow it's not actually 'suffering'. Imagine our seeded extra terrestrials on Enceladus developing the capacity to suffer, and living horribly painful lives due to, I dunno, radiation or whatever. Quite a rabbit hole (warren!) too deep for mere internet comments, haha. Anyway, it is a fascinating question that generates quite a few thought experiments. Love it.
@wmvink
@wmvink 7 жыл бұрын
Hi Fraser - question from my 8 year old son (Morris) I couldn't answer: if Earth had rings like Saturn, where would they be? Right at the equator?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
We just did a video all about this: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/p7J1e8J5x93Pf2w.html
@wmvink
@wmvink 7 жыл бұрын
Doh! Sorry Fraser. So from the equator the rings would look like a thin line right on the equator, but block the view from the poles? Does that mean the rings would be right at the equator? Make sense as it's where the earth spins fastest..?
@aliphim
@aliphim 7 жыл бұрын
If the expansion of the universe is accelerating, does that mean galaxies themselves are accelerating too? If this is the case, wouldn't all matter in the universe eventually hit the speed of light? Or does an expanding universe not have anything to do with the acceleration/velocities of matter itself?
@larrybeckham6652
@larrybeckham6652 7 жыл бұрын
Re:Alien take Mars. Yes, people will flip out but I going to assume this alien are extra-stellar and they can squash humanity like a bug. This is Columbus greeting the Taíno time and hope the aliens as kinder that the Europeans were the First Nations of Americas. I hope they would offer the pay for Mars in tech, like interstellar travel capability, replicators (like on Star Trek), or immorality.
@cicad2007
@cicad2007 7 жыл бұрын
Immorality? I think we have enough of that now. I thunk you meant Immortality.
@larrybeckham6652
@larrybeckham6652 7 жыл бұрын
Sorry, I did. But immorality in our leadership would be nice. But afraid would compromise our illusion of free will too much.
@MrKago1
@MrKago1 7 жыл бұрын
Ivan Romanov no, we need immoral behavior from an alien perspective to reinvigorate the markets of hedonism. and we'll make the pious pay for it. MAKE IMMORALITY GREAT AGAIN
@larrybeckham6652
@larrybeckham6652 7 жыл бұрын
i like you, you're funny
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
But what if we can't do anything about it?
@michaelclement1337
@michaelclement1337 7 жыл бұрын
I've been wondering if its possible to calculate where space is. As we know light travels along the medium of space in a fixed manner. The Earth is traveling thru space and we know its traveling in comparison to other objects, but how is the earths movement in relation to space. If we studied light coming from all directions could we determine how Earth is traveling thru space and therefor determine where space is? I guess this calculation would be complicated by gravity and the expansion of space
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Everything is relative. There's no one reference space that you could measure everything from.
@delr853
@delr853 7 жыл бұрын
As far as aliens claiming Mars... It seems to me that there would be 5 camps of people: 1) the curious; 2) the fearful; 3) the indifferent; 4) the groupies; 5) the hateful interplanetary terrorists. I would be in group 4, TAKE ME!
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Seriously, someone needs to make a movie out of this.
@delr853
@delr853 7 жыл бұрын
I'd see the movie in theaters, buy the movie, read the book, and get the audiobook... Just like I did with The Martian
@hallowacko
@hallowacko 7 жыл бұрын
I know that double-planets aren't an official astronomical classification, but I cannot help but wonder about them. How infrequent is their formation? Can they form in a habitable zone, or is that even more unlikely? Can they orbit one another stably for a time like a stellar lifespan? And most importantly, does it put any unique stress on life or the arising of life on a pair of planets like these? Can life spread from one to the other? Do both planets have to have earth-like mass to retain water, or would two less massive planets do the same?
@KaiserFranzGaming
@KaiserFranzGaming 7 жыл бұрын
What could we do with 1/2 of military budgets of all countries in the world if it was used on space exploration?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
It would be mind bending what we could accomplish.
@lurandir8230
@lurandir8230 7 жыл бұрын
Why would Dyson spheres leak infrared? I know its fairly inefficient to collect infrared spectrum, as it contains low energy, but, low energy is not zero and if producing some additional equipment to collect low energy spectrum would make a bit more expensive, but producing two bits more energy that still positive net, and might be compelling for civilizations which works on such a hungry scale, or is programmed to collect as much as possible XD
@tauceti8060
@tauceti8060 7 жыл бұрын
If two brown dwarf with masses just below stellar ignition collide can they become red dwarf?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Sure, if they merged together, they'd become a red dwarf.
@Steaphany
@Steaphany 7 жыл бұрын
Forget aliens, what if some researcher comes up with tech for them and their staff to have free travel between Earth and Mars, as a week end get-away, summer home, etc and then put out no trespassing signs claiming private ownership of the planet ?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Once we started interacting, it would probably get messier. But what if they just moved in, and didn't talk to us at all.
@proudamericanrobman2829
@proudamericanrobman2829 6 жыл бұрын
Good Q@A like always, still hoping to get one on a live q@a video, but do appreciate your typed responses. Question- do you think nasa should be able to patient there ideas and collect some funding from them if that money (all or adleast most) went back into the space program? I think they are so under funded, if they where aloud to do so they would have 100s of more millions $ for new space craft/satellite/telescopes and so on. Just think of all the money just from tang and memory foam they mist out on.
@frasercain
@frasercain 6 жыл бұрын
Sure, but they're funded by American taxpayers, so that miss the whole point of an organization like NASA. Patents are put up to protect companies to make money off their inventions.
@AtlasReburdened
@AtlasReburdened 7 жыл бұрын
I'm leaning toward disagreeing that Dyson structures must emit a characteristic infrared. I am aware of currently existing schema by which two photons of longer wavelength are "passively" combined into one of shorter wavelength, and though speculative, I believe that Dyson ready civilization would likely have a vastly greater mastery over light than us. Its my opinion that a properly engineered Dyson structure could emit its waste heat in wavelengths and patterns that would appear more to a distant observer as a cloud of plasma, than an organized, purposeful structure. It also seems like the signature infrared "signal" could essentially be jammed with purpose tuned light sources on the exterior of the structure, and that up to a certain point the structure could be disguised as many different objects. I think it should also be noted that if a high mastery of converting lower energy photons and phonons into higher quality forms of energy can be achieved, enough layers of such conversions should be able to bring the infrared signature down to arbitrarily low levels, right? I mean, I don't have my fingers crossed for 100% efficiency, but surely through iteration we can put a few hundred 9s after the decimal.
@JamesHaney
@JamesHaney 7 жыл бұрын
Do you think that Youmanity will ever send a high speed probe above the Galacatic Plane to get a snapshot of our cosmic home? How long would it take to attain the "altitude" to make such an image possible?
@IlicSorrentino
@IlicSorrentino 7 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the video! I'm completely agree with you about the ethical issues about the life export to Encelado or Europa after havin assured there is no life or after we have learnt everything about the eventually life found or better if there is the possibility to coexist. I apologize for my English. Grazie ciao
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
Of course, being absolutely certain that it's empty is the tough part.
@Barnardrab
@Barnardrab 7 жыл бұрын
About the gun question, if you fired a gun on the moon toward the Earth, would the bullet come back down?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
The escape velocity of the Moon is 2.38 km/s. Fastest bullet is about 1.37 km/s. So yup, it would come back down. And without the atmosphere, it would come back at the same speed it left at.
@ignaty8
@ignaty8 7 жыл бұрын
Here's a question for you Fraser. A bit hypothetical but bear with me! Let's say aliens land a couple landers on Earth with tech level similar to ours, say a few Venera style Landers and a Curiosity or 2, 500 to 1000 ago, back when we hadn't made signs of our civilisations that obvious. Assuming they don't happen to land on someone's house, would they be able to even tell that humans even existed? How much would an orbiter tell them? Would they try to come up with a natural explanation how those "wheat field" things appear on Earth's surface?
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
It depends on where they landed. Most of Earth is still wilderness, or ocean, so chances are they wouldn't notice. But if they had some kind of orbiter with a high resolution, they'd see our structures. Especially at night.
@Ali107
@Ali107 7 жыл бұрын
What are protons made of?
@streak1burntrubber
@streak1burntrubber 7 жыл бұрын
Would it be possible to advertise using satellites? Like, would it be possible to build a giant bill board to stick in orbit and put advertisements on it? Would be super intrusive, but it is an interesting concept.
@frasercain
@frasercain 7 жыл бұрын
The billboard would need to be really really huge. But you can imagine some kind of constellation of satellites writing out words. Yikes, that's scary.
@streak1burntrubber
@streak1burntrubber 7 жыл бұрын
That's an interesting idea too. Wouldn't be able to do images with that, but it is something that would be somewhat feasible. Though, I guess they would need to find some way to make it so we can easily distinguish the satellite points from the stars, or make them bright enough to be seen during the day. That could be pretty difficult too.
@EmilianoG
@EmilianoG 7 жыл бұрын
Can photons or any light particles be stopped and keept in a jar per say. Then release them and would they be able to reaccelerate to light speed again!? Thanks.
@adventurerider512
@adventurerider512 7 жыл бұрын
Lower gravity will not improve accuracy of a rifle. Since snipers allow for the known ballistic curve for any distance the effect of gravity is eliminated from the accuracy. A much larger influence on accuracy is the meteorological conditions - and varying conditions affect the precision. The accuracy on Mars should be greater due to less atmospheric effects. Also, the range will be greater due to lower gravity and lower air pressure.
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