Thank you so much!

True !

I'm glad you enjoyed it. I agree that Cumbrian history should get more attention.

@@KrisHughes there’s no such thing as Cumbria. You you want to know your history, you should start there. Cumbria is the name of a council that was created in 1974 and is being abolished in 2023. It’s actually Cumberland, Westmorland, North Lancashire and parts Yorkshire.

Thank you so much for your kind comment.

Comments like this make me happy. I'm so glad it helped clarify things for you.

Thank you, so much!

It's a real problem. I wasn't educated in Scotland, but it is much the same there. The Old North is seen as 'too English' - the tendency is to focus on Highland history with what little Scots history is even taught. On the other side of the border, it's seen as 'too Welsh'.

@@KrisHughes so are you talking about the welsh or the Scottish ?

@@jackieroberts7895 In my reply to Brendan, above, I'm talking about how the history of Hen Ogledd is perceived from both the perspective of Scottish education, and of English education.

@@jackieroberts7895 the region of the Hen Ogledd never encompassed Wales, but areas of present day Northern England and Southern Scotland. The people of these areas were once brythonic speaking, with Welsh being its closest modern equivalent. The people of Cumbria still retain many brythonic place names, and some of the old shepherds of northern England still count in some regional form of brythonic despite being and speaking English. The genetic analysis of the UK showed that people from the different counties of Northern England retained different markers to the rest of the English population - attributed to the ancient tribal boundaries of their isolated brythonic kingdoms i.e Rheged and Elmet. Language does not determine cultural identity, for this reason it does not mean large areas of Northern England are either Norwegian or Danish because people speak with old norse dialect, likewise it does not make a Welsh person speaking English, English

Thanks so much! I'm glad you enjoyed it!

Thank you.

Yes, well, the part that's in England won't be seen as 'important' unless its Roman. There has been some investigation of some hill forts - Traprain and Trusty's come to mind, but there isn't much that is conclusive. I think it really was a pretty grim time for both common people and the nobility/warrior class.

Yes, indeed.

Well, my Welsh pronunciation is still a work in progress, but thanks for noticing my efforts!

So pleased to read your comment! Maybe it's time for me to think about a video on useful books and papers on the Old North.

@@KrisHughes That sounds a great idea (says the guy who doesn't have to do the work!)

@@paulh5494 It's probably a great way of getting my own research more organised. Just ... don't hold your breath, but it seems like a good plan.

Go for it! To bad there's so little left of Cumbric.

@@KrisHughes I know, it’s a pipe dream. Who knows though. 😂

Glad you're enjoying it.

Yes, you could!

I'm glad you liked it.

So funny to see your comment, I have just this minute been writing about how Norman storytelling places Arthur at the centre of "Dark Age" literature, but Urien is so very central to the Welsh perception of that period.

thank you!

Thank you!

Glad you're enjoying it.

Aw! Thank you!

Thanks so much for your kind comment! I work hard to make sure that my pronunciations are correct, but as I'm not a native-speaker of Welsh, I'm not the best person to advise you. The KZfaq channel Welsh Plus - Learn Welsh With Us ( kzfaq.infovideos ) has some excellent guides to modern Welsh pronunciation. We don't really know what Middle Welsh sounded like (let alone Cumbric!) but modern Welsh is a good starting point.

Thanks for you kind comments. That's just the standard pronunciation for the Welsh diphthong "au". Vowels in Welsh don't often behave as English-speakers expect them to!

That's very true. That's just the way the UK is rigged.

Cool me too!

Great video by the way...If this archaeology dig site is the kingdom of Rheged (with pretty convincing evidence) and Urien and his sons fits the timeline then Urien has a monument, even though someone when to great lengths to destroy it by setting it on fire for days on end. They were trying to erase its existence off the face of the earth.

@@TheGhostofXmasfuture Sorry I didn't see your comment - KZfaq decided to bury it. Perhaps it originally contained a link? If so, it's not there, but I'm guessing you're talking about Trusty's Hill Fort. We don't really know why vitrified hill forts were burned like that, but I was thinking more in terms of any kind of modern monument - a public statue or something.

@@KrisHughes Yes, Trusty Hill fort. KZfaq deleted the link I had it was for the book; The Lost Dark Age Kingdom of Rheged: the Discovery of a Royal Stronghold at Trusty’s Hill. Excellent book concerning the archaeology that was done at the site. Was this where Urien of Rheged reigned? Someone went to great lengths to wipe the existence of the place off the map, they burned the place for days and melted the rock. It seems possible that the story of your video has a strong connection to the place?

@@TheGhostofXmasfuture Kings were generally peripatetic, so Urien would have had seats all over the place. This could have been one of them. He appears to have been at Carlisle, Catterick, and perhaps somewhere in the Lyvennet valley, that we know of. If the extent of Rheged was very large, bits of it were probably farmed out to relatives or other retainers and visited less often. We know so little about how things operated in the 6th century - I'm really basing these guesses on how things were done later.

@@KrisHughes Thanks for you reply. If you haven't read the book definitely get it, its an archaeology read so a bit of a curve but worth the look. Thanks again for you time.

No. If you listen to the last few minutes again, that's not what I'm saying. What I'm saying is that we know Urien was real, his story has some parallels to the story told about Arthur, and it's too bad such a great man is so overshadowed by all the literary stuff about Arthur. There don't seem to be people who care about Urien on KZfaq or off, unfortunately, and much of what I see is wild speculation.

That's impossible to say. We don't know the sequence of events after his death. If, as the bards say, he died at Ross Low (between Holy Island and Bamburgh) then Catterick is a long way to transport a body after what sounds like a failed siege in which the Britons were possibly in disarray. There is actually some kind of mound (grave? natural? I have no idea) near Ross Low which has been suggested, but I don't know whether it's ever been investigated.

@@KrisHughes Thanks for the reply.I wondered what it was that inspired the attack on Catraeth,i know it was regarded as a holy place and thought they may have taken him when there when it was still part of Rheged,but probably not as you say.I will continue my endeavours and hopefully find more info.

You should be able to buy it if you have PayPal.

Those stories are probably just fiction. I think I mention that in this video. There's a bit more about it here: www.godeeper.info/blog/the-morrigan-modron-and-morgan-le-fay

@@KrisHughes The book is out of stock now, do you sell it again? I want to buy it when I have enough money

Yeah - I don't pretend to know that much about all the Arthurian questions. It's probably more a question of which parts of Britain preserved certain stories over time.

Arthur was a Welshman King of Glamorgan!

No, I'm afraid not.

Cheers! Give my love to Edinburgh next time you step outside.

Lancashire definitely isn't my area of expertise. The shaded area indicating the widest possible extent of Rheged on my map is not particularly accurate, it's just to give an idea, but I don't believe that there is anything definitive, anyway. However, I tried to include the widest possible extent that I've seen suggested - it's was probably smaller - probably also in constant flux. I would have said that south Rheged was centred more on Carlisle-Penrith-Eden Valley, with SW Scotland being North Rheged. I may be wrong, but what I can tell you is that there is no scholarly agreement on the question. It's likely that there never will be. So I would see your part of the world as part of the Old North, but not Rheged. I don't think that I have any academic type information about Lancs. but I have one suggestion. Lorna Smithers, who lives in Penwortham, the other side of Preston from you along the Ribble, has an interesting blog called From Penverdant. ( lornasmithers.wordpress.com/ ) Lorna is a Pagan writer, but if that's not your thing don't be put off. She's fairly knowledgeable about the Old North as is relates to her area, and the blog has a search function you could play around with, which might give you a few leads, and her writing often has citations, which might give you more. Good luck with your search!

@@KrisHughes thank you. Also, I keep hearing the myths about king dunmail and how his crown was thrown into Grisedale tarn, but nobody seems to have gone looking for it, which seems weird since people love that kind of stuff even if it may not be fully based in reality, is there some kind of taboo about it?

@@calummclennan6699 Now, you're asking! No idea.

@@taliesin8192 I'm not sure what you're arguing here, of course there are no references to Celt in old texts, Celt is a word invented in the 1700s to describe the languages and cultures, although it seems to derive from a similar word that Julius Caesar claimed that the people he called the gauls called themselves Celtae in the first century BC. In the video you link, Alan decribes what is recognised as the introduction of Celtic languages and culture to the British Isles, the migrations from near Assyria. These invasions are described both in old Gaelic (a form of Celtic) literature, and are also evidenced genetically here: www.pnas.org/content/113/2/368 . Also the argument that there are no Celtic languages here seems odd, considering that Scottish Gaelic, modern and old Welsh, Cornish, Cumbric, and Irish are all known to have been related languages deriving from the early invasions, hence the similarity of the language to other points of this migration, such as parts of Iberia, and these languages are what we know as the Celtic languages. This is also why pretty much all Welsh and Scottish place names are from a Celtic language and so really weird for us to pronounce, or are names that have been changed from Celtic (Cumbria having similar origins to the welsh name for themselves). As for literature, see here www.britannica.com/art/Celtic-literature/Welsh-literature for what has happened to that. As for customs, evidently you have never been to a Ceilidh dance. These are a traditional Scottish and Irish social gathering originating from gaelic and sharing lots of similarities to Celtic gatherings from other parts of the UK, such as the Troyl in Cornwall. I don't disagree with the video you linked, I'm just not sure why that has anything against the presence of Celts in Britain? What did you think a Celt was?

@@taliesin8192 Also, I'm confused as to what you mean by 'AW is NOT an "academic", he is a professional researcher / writer of Ancient Histories', this is exactly what an academic is - a professional researcher in an academic subject (history). To say 'has an IQ which is off-the-scale: a plain speaking and highly intelligent man' is an opinion, not to say it is incorrect, but this is a really weird thing to say about someone. I haven't looked into John R. Colliss yet

But what's in a name.

@@KrisHughes that's a whole other potential video for you lol...

Yeah - to me it seems like associating Trusty's Hill with Urien might be a case of archaeologists grasping at straws - or I should say, it's no more likely a candidate than a number of other places. If he was controlling a big territory he probably had many forts that he used. To pick one, and say, "this is it" would require a lot of proof. Your art sound interesting.

@@KrisHughes yeah totally agree , mote of mark is just one more candidate , planning to go there next. But as you said he probably had several “ bases”. What id love to do is a comic strip or illustrated book about Uriens but often I don’t have the time too busy working my day job lol. Anyway thanks again for a most interesting video

@@KrisHughes ps I have an Instagram art site if you’re interested?

@@alastairbrewster4274 go ahead and drop a link, if you want to. It may not show up immediately. KZfaq will probably flag it to me as potential spam, but I can approve it.

I aim to please.

I'm not sure where you're getting your dates, because any kind of precise dating for the births is impossible. However, generations don't necessarily flow in tandem, and many of the medieval warlords had many sons, via multiple mothers, which means that generations can cover a lot of decades. The offspring of Coel, and the offspring of Cynfarch ap Meirchion, in particular, are famous for controlling vast swathes of the north. That kind of concentration of power in the hands of one family is pretty common in medieval Europe. Perhaps people gravitated to this in the hope that it would provide some stability.

I like the way you've put that together. The accent is generally on the last syllable but one in Welsh (so on the 1st syllable in a 2 syllable word). My pronunciation isn't perfect, but I did a LOT of research.

@@KrisHughes Thanks for the tip!

Frankish was not spoken in Britain in the 5th-6th century, or indeed at any time. They would have either spoken a form of Brythonic (the precursor of Welsh) or possibly Latin, like their (receding) Roman overlords.

The Bretons and Britons are not the same. Celts hadn't ruled over any part of France since Vercingetorix and the Roman Invasion. I'm rather confused.

@@themanhimself1229 it is believed the Bretons were people fleeing from the encroachments of Germanic people , westwards in the centuries that followed the end of Roman Britannia

You’re reading the wrong books. Try following up on what you’ve just listened too. Alistair Moffat’s books on Arthur and the north may illuminate things for you.

The Bretons move to France when the Anglo Saxons invaded britain. So yes they are the descendents of Britons who ran away from the anglesaxons.