Great video! The one thing missing was discussion of battery degradation. Li ion battery degradation is not as simple as the number of cycles, and the two things that cause the most degradation are: 1. rapid charging (or rapid discharging) while the battery is too hot or cold, and 2. charging up to 100% (or discharging down to 0%) and waiting there. Point #1 can be easily addressed: the 7kW that single-phase infrastructure in the UK can handle is child's play for an EV battery. They've got >100kW motors and can often rapid charge at >100kW too, so 7kW is nothing, even when very cold or hot. As for point #2, this is why some EVs have an option to charge only up to 80%. Some don't (like my Nissan Leaf), so plugging in overnight will probably be a very-small bad time for the battery, as it charges up as high as it can. V2X systems have to have a complex negotiation (like a rapid charger, which is how the charger knows the battery's state of charge) and the software platforms backing bidirectional chargers usually keep the battery between 20% and 80% by default (with the options to charge up to 100% if requested). This is what OVO and Octopus did with their trials. I've had a couple of chats with Mike at Fully Charged Live. He's a great guy, but I think he's being a bit conservative with AC V2G's prospects. A unidirectional on-board charger is already kitted up with 1 diode and 1 transistor per phase leg (2 diodes and 2 transistors for single-phase, 3 diodes and 3 transistors for 3-phase). This forms a so-called 'totem pole' active front end, steadying the >2kW power draw (there is also a 'bridged conventional' layout, but this needs a load of extra diodes so I doubt any automakers are using it). The bidirectional form of the totem pole converter swaps the diodes for transistors and... that's about it! It's the same layout as a DC-to-AC inverter. You need to update the controller so that it can run all 4 or 6 of the transistors in both modes, and make sure that the DC-to-DC stage is also bidirectional but, fundamentally, there are only a few components that need swapping for ones that are barely more expensive. Hyundai appear to have used exactly this solution in the Ioniq 5 and 6, Kia EV6 and Genesis EVs. That V2L function is from a bidirectional on-board charger! Chipmakers (the end I approached this from) are super-keen to get their SiC MOSFETs into this application, and already sell 6.6kW bidirectional charger demo units. The biggest impediment is having to redesign your on-board charger. Hyundai bit the bullet, and seem to be reaping the benefits. I really hope that the on-board charger of 2030 is a bidirectional 22kW 3-phase charger. Hyundai have proved that bidirectional is possible and Renault have proven that 22kW is possible. If you use DC V2G, you're no longer talking about swapping a handful of diodes for transistors, you've got to build the whole thing from scratch. The Wallbox Quasar costs about £6000, and apparently has some issues with overheating, even after all that engineering and hardware. For a low(ish)-power 7kW home wallbox, that's much too expensive for mass deployment. Many of the latest AC home charge points (updated to comply with new UK government regulations) already support AC V2G communications (look for 'ISO 15118 ready', this is the protocol AC V2G and CCS V2G are using), making AC V2G much more effective at home. Where I see DC V2G being successful is in commercial fleets and/or anywhere there are 22kW or 50kW DC chargers. If you're looking for 22kW or 50kW charging (maybe at a delivery van depot, or for a heavier bus or lorry fleet to charge overnight), you'll probably want to make that DC anyway, so why not upgrade that unidirectional charger to bidirectional? As discussed above, the cost difference is not large. As you might be able to tell, I am *super enthusiastic* about V2G. With V2G, load peaks will no longer be a thing, and it solves the intermittency of solar power pretty much completely. I would recommend anyone getting a Hyundai, Kia or Genesis EV to add V2L - they're only a dealership software update away from AC V2H and V2G. I will be watching Volvo/Polestar and Volkswagen's bidirectional developments with bated breath. And I really, really hope that home V2G will be online by next winter. It needs some organisational co-operation, but all the pieces are there and ready to put together! I can't wait!

Possibly the most underrated potential of EVs.

We’ve been holding off from buying an EV for over a year now, waiting for V2G to become available. I just wish they’d get on with it….!

When I first installed my solar a year ago my plan was to compliment that with an EV to store the excess and feed it back to my house at night. I assumed it would be a standard feature but I've since learned it's not even an option yet. Clearly it's the path forward.

Good vid. I've had solar since 2012. 100kWh across two EVs in the garage. ASHP. So desperate for V2H/G. Have Ioniq 5 with V2L so already has the DC/AC converter. At FCL last year I asked all the charger manufacturers about their V2G development - all said at least 2 years away. And Myenergi (maker of my Zappi charger) actually said there was no demand 🙄 So yes please - urgently needed. Keep up the good work

Would imagine that V2H would always have the least transmission losses, so preferable to V2G

Speaking from experience V2H is likely to be the future. It has revolutionised how we are able to use energy in our house.

One concern for me is that wherever there is “customer savings”, there are losses for the likes of BP and Shell. Which means they’ll do everything in their power to slow down this sort of progress. Do we think they will?

Fantastic idea, shame that many/most people will find this impossible due to issues with the District Network Operators (DNO). These are the people who have to give you permission to connect to the grid. I live in a 10 year old house 75m from the local SSEN substation. I have 8kWp solar and CANNOT add any additional export capability. I've had batteries (Tesla) fitted and these have had to be set to zero export, and getting that sorted was a struggle. The only way around this is to install a new cable all the way from my house to the substation - bargain at £25,000 (estimated - I'd have to sign up to pay what it costs!). With these issues I can't see how this will gain much penetration in the UK, at least at a domestic level.

Here is my Quandary living in Australia: I own solar panels and have for a few years now, I was initially getting 10 cents per kWh I was providing to the grid, this meant my electricity bill went from $1000 per quarter to less than $200 per quarter and most of that bill was the connection and supply charge. Now I am getting 4 cents per kWh and my bill has now doubled to over $400 per quarter, all the while all energy costs are rising across the board so I am at a loss to understand how my rebate has done the reverse. Further it is in the government's best interest for me to pay higher prices as they collect more in the way of GST (goods and service tax). Now they are working on a solar export tax, that is they want to charge me for supplying them with my excess generated power. So looking forward I believe the option best suited to my situation is to store my own generated power and disconnect from the grid entirely. Now who do you suppose is going to benefit from this decision I am sure many other solar owners are going to be considering this approach. I promise you that the extreme wealth of the oil and mining are not going down without one hell of a fight. In this country our political parties are funded by donations and those donations talk big time.

I can't wait for this to roll out in full, I saw this idea many years ago and have been using this idea to help converting people to the idea of an EV. My Tesla Powerwall is 13.5kWh, so for my 64kWh EV battery this is not a lot, so could easily power my home in the evening or send power to the grid, then charge up again overnight. A great video!

Of course the other benefit of V2G not mentioned on the video is being self sufficient in electricity for short periods. Being able to power your home for a few hours during a power cut is a huge benefit. I have an Ioniq 5 and am able to do V2H with a long extension lead and it’s a great benefit.

The glamorous assistant Robert completes the episode! This is something I will share with family members who read just enough to be dangerous ("EVs will harm the grid!") This is very accessible for a lot of us Yanks.

Very interesting and informative video. Imogen is the best! I also enjoyed Robert's interjections.....

Would be great if older EVs could be retrofitted with V2G/V2X.

Very good video presenter/host, storyline and editing. More of this please!!

I have been on the OVO V2G trial since July 2019 and have exported over 18MWh in that time. I found that it covered my electricity usage for home and car completely up until the energy rate hike in recent times and now is just over breakeven. My car remains plugged in when at home and the software looks after the rest. I was concerned about battery degradation but need not have been. What I found is that there was no significant degradation and may well have been a positive for battery health. Going forward I agree with Mike its now about standardisation. My V2G works fine on CHADEMO and the Nissan Leaf but there are too many EV's out there without the capability which will stall further roll outs of infrastructure. I do not have Solar unfortunately due to protection orders on trees that cast shadows on my roof. It was in looking for other solutions that attracted me to the V2G trial by OVO which I first saw at the first Fully Charged Live show. Keep up the great work.

I’ve been part of the Octopus Energy/Octopus EV Powerloop V2G trial. My car is plugged in and powering the house and exporting to the grid as I write. I love it I have to say - from approx 16:30-20:30 (depending on how much % is in the battery) each eve the house is powered by the car. I get credit on my tariff every month for the energy exported from the car. What we need though more cars able to do it. For the trial I’ve been leasing a Leaf from Octopus EV - but that lease comes to an end in a year. At that point it’s likely we’ll need a different car (for personal household circumstances we need something a little bigger) - but that would mean no more V2G. We really need CCS and more cars able to do this now!

Imagine airport parking lots, and work lots filled with these, and those facilities using rooftop solar to get all their electricity. True distributed power opportunities. It will be remarkable once this takes up...

One problem area you didn't touch on was the impact in the batteries and how a vehicle manufacturers warranty might be impacted. For instance, if most manufacturers offer an 8-year, 100k miles warranty (based on average miles driven and therefore an average charging pattern, and therefore battery cyclcles), then how would this change when the vehicle manufacturer doesn't know how often you will cycle your battery (which could move from once per week, to once per day).

I'm currently waiting to hear if our home had been accepted for Indras new V2H trial. This could really help us reduce costs and remove our home from the peak grid load. It can't come soon enough, watching our smart meter everyday isn't pleasant viewing right now.

Excellent video, thank you.

Thank you. Really important.

I have recently been involved with testing one of these 2 way power units for a major car manufacturer that they are intending to fit across their range of electric vehicles to enable them to back feed the grid. One of the issues that I have not seen discussed anywhere is the premature aging of the battery pack caused by the increased number of charge cycles it will undergo, possibly 10 to 20 over night in areas where the main grid is a bit soft due to its capacity. In some locations that suffer from brownouts or are not close to a generating system may not have very good power regulation and the car battery would attempt to smooth the fluctuations out.

Brilliant interview!

Very informative episode, Imogen! I've commented in Patreon.

this would be the last piece of the puzzle for me. already having 8KW solar, and a 13.5KW Tesla power wall 2, plus Nissan leaf. It would enable me to be largely self sufficient most of the year and only use cheap overnight rates during the winter. Currently the battery is covering about 12 hours a day and then runs out, leaving me to pay peak rate import tariff. Here is a quick tip for anyone with off peak tariffs. I looked last week at all of my electric appliances, dishwasher, washing machine and dryer and went looking on the net for the instructions to see if any of them support delay start. Turns out they all did, we have now moved all of our usage into the cheap overnight rates. Could kick myself for not thinking of this earlier. cheers for the video and keep up the great work.

A Really good, clear presentation. Thank you. VTH seems to me to be the optimum, with no transmission losses or infrastructure costs. VTG however, will help balance & clean up the grid, and is suitable for those without driveways or deep pockets.

Thank you.

Another informative and well presented video! I agree about homes with solar PV and home batteries choosing to use as much of their solar power as possible in their home and augmenting this with cheap rate electricity from the grid to charge up their batteries at night. This is what I'm doing and of course if more people adopt this method so the demand on the grid at peak times will reduce. I do agree that V2G has to be the right solution in the longer term though and can only hope that EV manufacturers are willing to work closely with the National Grid in the UK, (and equivalent authorities in other countries), to bring this into being.

IONIQ 5 actually has a bi-directional onboard charger, that is currently dumbed-down in firmware. All we need is software update to make it work. And some legal regulation of course.

Great video mirrors some of my experience on the octopus v2g trial 👍

EVTEC is the only company today that already sells a charging station to the market which is working with the CCS standard. The Honda E in combination with the "sospeso&charge" charging station from EVTEC is possible to access the huge potential of rolling batteries.

Very well done all. A well researched formulated and presented video that was informative as well as entertaining. More like this please.

CHAdeMO is a real bonus .... It is still the only original bi directional as standard vehicle interface You can plug a V2L ( Vehicle to Load) cable and power most domestic appliances up to max 4 KW from the traction battery We have been using our 2014 mitsi PHEV to power our of grid caravan trouble free last 5-6 years, the 12 KW battery lasts all weekend between charges , but the game changer with the Mitsi PHEV is when stationery in charge mode ( to recharge traction battery) it's quieter & more fuel efficient than our 10 hp honda generator 🤠👍

Imogen rocks Love your work 👍

I would have thought, V2E was standard in every EV by now. Why buy a 7kWh Tesla powerwalll when you have over 40kWh or more in your EV?

There will be two types of grid in the future. The National Grid, in the UK as now, and then local "micro" grids. Also instead of V2G, it will to S2G (storage to grid) , where home, vehicle and workplace batteries are used to smooth energy supply. We will need a lot more electricity generated (Oxford Low Carbon Hub reckon on 3 times the current amount), and the National Grid can't be upgraded fast enough to cope. So the answer will be local generation, and storage, for local use. Community-based projects will drive this new model.

That second contentious point - the thing that turns AC into DC is not an inverter. An inverter, as the name suggests, turns direct current into alternating current. Not the other way around.

I think smart charging that allows users to select what % of their battery they want to be used for powering a home/grid, how many miles they intend to drive, and something that shows what they would make from giving back to the grid for various %'s dedicated to this purpose, would be phenomenal for EV and home owners, and the a massive boost to the grid!

Good video! Recently I switched to an all electric ground source heat pump that - with current low temperatures - consumes approx. 18kWh/day. If it is a sunny day, my 11kWp solar can contribute, but the grid usually has to supplement a substantial share in these darker winter days. If my Kona was V2G is could provide some of the energy from its 64kWh battery, but not for long, considering the limited nr. of sun hours in the winter. Having said that, new battery technologies, such as graphene/aluminium from the Graphene Manufacturing Group (Australia), will substantially increase the charging speed (like 70x!) as well as the energy density (like +50%). Hence allowing charging 'in a flash' when supply is high. Combine this with wireless charging that enables ubiquitous charging (traffic light, parking lots, lamp posts) , and the current way of charging an EV (cable & wait time) quickly looks antique. I see a bright future!

I would only pass electric back to the grid if I had a surplus, if I had an expensive solar set-up and battery and this would require sunshine and warmth here in the far north of England. Octopus saving sessions are great and shows how so many ones can act to save a lot for many.

great video

The major hangup I see with such strategies is the lifespan of the battery. Would this increase in charge/discharge cycles make the battery have a shorter life, thereby foisting the cost of replacing this grid storage onto the vehicle owner? I think for this to work, we need some sort of equivalent reimbursement scheme that compensates people for the lifespan toll such usage takes on their car's battery. That, and we need MUCH more robust battery recycling infrastructure, because all this added load on these batteries will mean we need more replacements, more often. This means we need to make sure we're not just offsetting emissions to battery production. It's absolutely essential we get battery recycling up to an acceptable level, if we want this to work.

A classic example of how "light touch" and "less red tape" will slow progress so a clear central strategy is needed. Also, a key point at the end, ie how this is great for wealthy house and car owners but unavailable for many.

Great vid. We really should be getting V2H sorted out first. Many of the same benefits to the home and reducing demand on the grid without the additional complexity. Also given the number of comments here we need that conversation about battery degradation.

Lots of great information. I feel sad for how much longer it will take my country to grasp this concept. We're still arguing about how great coal is... Loved Roberts entrance 👌🤣

Great Video 👍⚡️👍⚡️👍⚡️

Nice content.

V2G might make more sense for multi-unit dwellings like apartment buildings and condos where any given individual doesn't have their own driveway, or roof for solar. For people with their own homes & solar setups, the house battery would likely be the better focal point for any grid balancing. Doubly so if we start looking toward micro-grid deployments.

Can’t wait for the live show in Sydney!

Yes, yes, everybody should be talking about this.

PLEASE dont take this the wrong way. I love your channel an everyone has the right to live there lidf they please. The problem is, as I have been watching the channel for so long it has now became tought to ignore. Robert, please take of yourself and watch what you are eating and how much you are doing activity wise. I am sorry, this is incrediby personal, but I really value this channel and I only wish the best for you all.

It's very cool! I charge my (home conversion) EV directly from solar and drive or use it power my PC & lights in the evening.

In March 2022 I had a 35 panel solar array installed (JoJu Solar, thanks Robert) and this has been a great success. I anticipate payback over five years. I didn't go for a home battery because I would like a V2H or V2G electric car. I can't justify spending £40k on a car unless there are benefits greater than just having an electric vehicle. V2H or V2G would effectively offer a discount on the car equivalent to what I would save by not having to purchase a house battery. As this video makes clear the industry is not quite where I need it to be to make my first venture into electric cars. My trusty 10 year old VW Golf will have to keep going until it is, which is a shame.

Average annual distance cars drive is 12000km a year. Which is about 5kWh a day of driving. With an average EV battery of 60kWh you could easily use 20kWh to send back to the grid. However total ownership of your own grid is going to be far superior. No more corporations sucking you dry.

“And were already kind of used to this…” and then proceeds to list time of day tariffs and a bunch of other stuff that I’ve never experienced, LOL. I’m jealous, though, I’d love to “gamify” my electricity bill like that! I’d love to see how low I could get my hydro bill by using smart appliances, etc.

A relative small home battery in every household could remove the peak demand altogether, reduce the max current per household with al least 80%, reducing grid-losses and would make the grid much better manageable - it would almost pay for itself

It a nice value for the grid operators. And much better then home-batteries, grid locations with non li-ion is a more sustainable. Most aren't and won't be sold with v2g, because it ads a lot of cost the already high EV price. This episode also show the added cost of variable sources. It's more then the production cost. And variable renewables aren't the goal, sustainable energy grids are.

Completely agree that there are solutions here to manage demand. I have 10kWh battery storage in the attic and that certainly reduces reliance on high price grid energy. I am not yet sure about the cost case for the batteries as they seem expensive for doing just 'one job'. If that was my EV car instead, at least I could drive it about; plus a usable capacity of 60kWh or more would run the house for 4 days if needed. These are exciting times and I would like to see a government strategy to support great PV, EV, home battery and other renewable solutions.

I thought V2G was more widespread and we were just behind in Aus. Was advised once it's approved in Aus - and apparently it's only being trialled by distributor in SA and not in other states yet - the bi-directional EV Charger Wallbox Quasar is $10k. Will be interesting to see if there's other V2G wall chargers on show at the FCL show in Sydney.

Imogen is such a gem

I've a Vauxhall Vivaro-e coming in the next few weeks. I hope that it will allow for V2H via it's CCS.

We have a leaf, model 3 SR, 13kw solar array and powerwall2. As the global majority (by volume - like them or loath them) of new ev’s hitting the market are currently tesla - we really need them to come to the V2X party. I’m guessing they are too scared to because of cannibalising their own powerwall energy business. In my view this is shortsighted. Home battery is great for load shifting and power outage resiliency. Bigger batteries in the cars could cover bigger home peak loads but also support large V2G (with more capacity than their apparent favoured direction of virtual power plants from powerwall only). One of the technical issues for V2G is export gateway control and safety of power to the grid during grid outages. But Tesla already have this fixed with all powerwall installationS. All that is needed from Tesla is modification for bidirectional ac inverters either in the car or a wall box. The rest is software. It could be easy and rapidly scaleable. It seems they may be bringing V2L in cybertruck so hopefully that trickles to other models? Please think bigger Tesla. You could do great things for the sustainable energy future!

V2H would be the best for me and many others that can’t or don’t want a so called smart meter, generating your own by solar PV and storing in your EV. All of the offers of cheap rate tariffs are for smart meter properties only.

All well and good, but as someone living with VTG, there is an elephant in the room... well, two. First, price, octopus charge 16p all day apart from 23.30 - 5.30 remember they have control of the VTG unit and it only outputs between 16.00 and 19.00 so VTG doesn't help at all during the day so to make this system work you also need a home battery. Second and the big problem. Physics. For VTG to work, the unit increases the voltage of your home. We already had a high grid voltage 245V due to the transformer being next door. With VTG, our voltage went up to 252 / 254v. This damaged many appliances in our home, and for some reason, the unit didn't alart anyone it was outputting such a high voltage. We have ended up rewiring our mains, including a voltage optimiser, to reduce our voltage to 230v ( 240v during the VTG session). I personally would recommend anyone installing a VTG unit. make sure you check your voltage first. It's not as simple as it all sounds.

In an optimistic world, this could help bring people closer together. Knowing that we are all contributing to a common good. And just decentralizing energy consumption would help reduce the need of mega projects like large scale power plants. I believe there have been studies of “What If” major cities would cover rooftops (both large and small) with solar panels. Cities like a New York would become that power plant. Couple that with EV parking within garages would be a great start to a better future. But I’m sure I’m stating the obvious. 😏😏😏

V2H or V2G or both. I think that we need both. The important thing is using all systems with batteries and generating electricity. Wind, solar , nuclear, hydro and so on.

Great content, as usual. However, what I really want - ASAP - is a deep dive into V2H leveraging my existing Solar PV and my existing (two) EVs (or my next EV that does actually support Bi-Directional). I want to get a Storage Battery, but the prices and availability are getting worse and worse, and I have 2 x 40kWh batteries sitting on my drive. What we need, is a National Grid-approved AC coupled gateway that can take energy out of my EV and deliver it to the Home, and provide Grid Backup as an additional benefit; think Tesla Powerwall Gateway type functionality, but for any V2H-compatible EV as opposed to a proprietary Powerwall...

I have been sold on the idea for a long time, but my local DNO (electricity provider) won't allow me to have it!

It likely to be a combination of both. I do foresee a future where grid licensing will have to come in, a standardize charge that we all pay to keep the national grid funded and operational.

Even if you only have V2H, it helps the grid by reducing the load at peak times. The house can get it's peak energy from the car instead of the grid. You don't have to have V2G for the grid to benefit from EVs.

Wonder how quickly they'll have fusion ready to be used?

The Honda e has V2G capability too. A trial was started in Germany last month.

With my driving pattern, home electricity consumption, and solar PVs, I need to know my EV could be my house-battery, before buying. (Used, whatever). I think not being a current EV owner may have counted against me in my application for the Indra V2H trial. Does anybody know of alternate routes, or sensible avenues of research?

One thing I can't get my head round is how will I be able to drive my vehicle as and when I want it. If it discharges all of some of its battery capacity back to the grid and all of sudden I have a long trip to make what do I do if the car battery is flat or low on capacity?

There are a few cars that use the same inverter for turning AC into DC for charging and DC into AC for driving their AC motors. These cars work reliably, so I don't think it's outrageous to require it. After all, what is the cost of a few relays added to the price of an entire car? Not a lot.

This NoName young lady gave a great presentation.

This would be a great ADDITION to a home solar system with a modest home battery. It doesn't have to be either one or the other.

school buses in US, on V2G, would be interesting they came with solar in their huge roof, charging while parked during the day waiting for afternoon journey

You are good

how are cars doing the daily commute going to help reduce the morning and evening peak in the UK as they happen at commuting times?

I'm not sure people are fully considering the opportunity cost the private vehicle owner potentially suffers by actually using their vehicle under V2G scenarios. It's a lot like taking an unpaid day off work to go to the beach. In that case, you have the cost of the beach trip of course, but you also suffer the loss of income from the day off. In the V2G scenario, if you decide to actually use your vehicle in the time period of peak grid demand, you not only have the cost of the driving energy you will use, but you also suffer the loss of income by not being home connected to the grid and collecting the income from the export tariff. This is the conundrum when you "dual-purpose" the vehicle battery versus a dedicated home storage battery. This makes fleet vehicles (like school busses) ideal candidates for this purpose, but private vehicles not so much.

Would it be possible to have one large bidirectional inverter. It can send & recieve AC from outside, DC to & from battery and 3ph secrect sauce to the motor. Currently we have power electronics for each application, charging, motor contol, V2G.

I have a EV and a CCS charger. I wnat V2H, and by extension V2G. I don't really care who enables this: CCS standards body, EV manufacturer or home charger manufacturer; but it really needs to be ssoner rather than later. Please can you rase this at each of your 2023 FCL shows so that V2H & V2G gets some more exposure? Good video on an important topic, thanks.

The final comments from her is the most important part of this video.

I was part of the Greenpeace team that launched a report 10 years ago (!!) that saw this coming. So sad that we’re still so far behind. Led by donkeys

I would really like to see this happen. Supposedly if all cars were EV’s there would be enough storage, to avoid grid upgrade. Make it happen.

Very interesting that you think we might get direct DC charging. Just installing a Victron system with 12.6kWp array this is going to a MPPT RS with 4 strings running around 400 Volts. With 16kWh byd lvs and scope to double. I am fitting Zappi for customer the Victron unit is only just out and quite expensive. I asked on some Victron sites and they said no to direct dc charging??

Have you considered loss of energy from storing energy in battery? Also, how about repeated cycling of battery? Would EV owner allow this to potentially shorten the battery life?

Very well done. Plus, and I hope you don't mind me saying this, you have a great voice and delightful accent (to me, anyway, an American). :o)

Immaculate nails, but missed the pigeon poo on the car.... love the show, Imogen takes it up another notch....

Brilliant idea. Does that mean I need to change my Charger?

Due to the technical difficulties outlined for getting this to work fully in an ev, I was just wondering if it would be easier to implement in a home battery system. There are likely to be less of them than cars but would be open to every household, ev owner or not.

yo thats lit, like fire, but gooder

Ref V2G , the fitting of a 4-quadrant converter (2-way inverter) is trivially more complex and expensive than a standard one.

Didnt understood, are you able to charge EU home with ioniq5/ev6 or not ?

My goodness that chap spoke fast.. OK so taking a step back V2G is about taking an industrial level number of batteries and providing a physical and commercial infrastructure that enables the owners (car drivers) to be able to use the tiny (in the scheme of things) batteries in their cars to club together with millions of other car owners to essentially provide a massive storage facility for a country. It's a great idea (and I thought that Tesla were heading down that path as they are a registered utility company in the UK). Well I hope it works out. I have my 11 year old solar array (8.5Kw) and a near 2 year old Tesla Powerwall (wish I'd done that earlier- doubled the amount of solar I use). Plug-in hybrid on it's way ... full EV order cancelled as the Oct 2021 order became (maybe) April 2023 delivery... not willing to buy into 3 year old battery tech.

I love this idea, it seem that it might be practicable and address a serious issue. However that last remark about households. If you're in the lower income brackets and cannot afford an EV - or indeed any car, less than 5% of households in the lowest decile of income keep any vehicle - then while all those who can, and do, and participate cannily managing their solar PV and battery charging to greatest advantage and discount the poorest will be paying a *_premium_* for electricity. This seems to be a recipe for penalising the disadvantaged just like pre-payment meters.

V2G & Home Batteries, will be massive in future, both as a way to arbitrage Domestic power and support a Renewable grid. Microgrids & Distributed Local power will probably be seen as part of an Energy renaissance as well...