Rotterdam is a port city in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. With 588,490 inhabitants (1 January 2021) it is the second largest city in the Netherlands in terms of population, after Amsterdam. The entire municipality of Rotterdam has 656,050 inhabitants, and the even larger metropolitan region of Rotterdam The Hague has more than 2.4 million inhabitants.
Rotterdam owes its name to a dam in the river Rotte. The city is located on the Nieuwe Maas, one of the rivers in the delta formed by the Rhine and the Meuse. The port of Rotterdam was for a long time the largest in the world and is still the largest and most important in Europe. The port area extends over a length of 40 kilometers and is an important logistics and economic center. Partly because of the port industry, Rotterdam has the image of a working-class city and the city has a very diverse population.
After the historic city center was largely destroyed by a German war bombing in 1940, Rotterdam has become a cradle for innovative architecture, including the Erasmus Bridge, the Cube Houses and a large number of skyscrapers. The city is also known for the Erasmus University, the art collections of Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen and the Kunsthal and football clubs Sparta, Excelsior and Feyenoord.
(The Dam on the River Rotte) is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, at the mouth of the Nieuwe Maas channel leading into the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta at the North Sea. Its history goes back to 1270, when a dam was constructed in the Rotte. In 1340, Rotterdam was granted city rights by William IV, Count of Holland. The Rotterdam-The Hague metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.7 million, is the 10th-largest in the European Union and the most populous in the country.
A major logistic and economic centre, Rotterdam is Europe's largest seaport. In 2020, it had a population of 651,446 and is home to over 180 nationalities. Rotterdam is known for its university, riverside setting, lively cultural life, maritime heritage and modern architecture. The near-complete destruction of the city centre in the World War II Rotterdam Blitz has resulted in a varied architectural landscape, including skyscrapers designed by architects such as Rem Koolhaas, Piet Blom and Ben van Berkel.
The Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt give waterway access into the heart of Western Europe, including the highly industrialized Ruhr. The extensive distribution system including rail, roads, and waterways have earned Rotterdam the nicknames "Gateway to Europe" and "Gateway to the World".
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