What growing experiment should we try next?

An interesting experiment would be to do a second generation in those same holes with the now broken down dirt and see which does the best.

My grandmother each year would hoe a trough between the planted rows of her garden and each day put the kitchen waste in the row and cover it up. She would start at one end of the row and work her way to the other end of the row, hoeing as many rows as she needed each year, even during off seasons. The following year she would plant the seeds and plants in the isles where she had buried the kitchen waste the previous year. Where she had planted the garden the previous year she would there hoe her troughs in which she would bury the present years kitchen waste. She never used commercial fertilizers, and she never had a compost pile. She had no problem with insects, and her garden produced greatly. This was part of my grandmother’s Pennsylvania German ways that she taught me.

My brother regularly fished in the Pacific Ocean when we were teens in the 70’s (big fish 😳) After he cleaned them Dad buried the rest in Mom’s garden. You would not believe how productive that garden was 😊 She ended up winning a contest and appeared with her harvest in the local paper.

Just for info sake : my Grandparents had HUGE gardens my whole life, as long as they had their home together out in there City of Linden MI. It was known that the Veg. & Fruits: garden & trees, were basically my Grandfather's fare, with help from my Grandmother. The Flower gardens were only for my Grandmother to tend to. They equally managed the whole of their yard together. Neither the yard or the gardens.. ever had any form of Treatments. There were no weed killers or bug killers or commercial fertilizers ever used. My Grandpa tilled and cultivated the grounds throughout the season. When planting, he would initially before placing the plants or seeds ( seeds he kept from his produce - year after year ) put in his Compost MIX. That mix was everything chopped up and small. He had ; greens from the grass mowing, some leaves from their fruit trees, all the garden by product ( vines, leaves ,.. ) that showed no signs of spoilage or infestation of bugs, fruits and vegetables scraps, egg shells, coffee grounds AND Fish ( chopped up - from a WHOLE FISH ). The fish used were fresh, small and came right out of the lake from their back yard. They were Sun Fish and Blue Fish. Everything was chopped up small. All mixed in/together with tended to Compost of the same. They had the most Beautiful Gardens for years. Strawberrys, Raspberries, Purple Concord Grapes, 5 types, at least, of Tomatoes, Corn, many types of Peppers, Onions, Potatoes, Green Snap Beans, Eggplant..etc. for the vegetables. The trees were Black Walnut, Pear, and Apple ( Delicious) . Never have I seen more Fantastic gardens. Not a weed in sight !! Being with my Grandparents gave great fun and experiences. In my early years (8yrs. -- ) I started my own gardens with the knowledge I acquired from them. I had wonderful success with Vegetables gardens but no luck with flowers. I was successful with Shrubs and Trees. I guess I had my Grandfather's Green Thumb. He was a pure, ( so I was told by him and the family ) Full-Breed Indian. My mother was the one who handled growing flowers and definitely had the touch. Fish and Egg/Shells definitely work, but must be chopped up small. He used local, Small bred fish. I hope this helps. Best of luck in your business. I Love your tomatoes.... May GOD Bless you and the whole ( all employees ) of your business. Thank You for the productS AND the really cool video. 😊

My mom used to help get yards ready for Master Garden tours. At one of them she saw the best soil she'd ever seen and assumed the gardener used a lot of compost. When she asked her if that was the case, the gardener said she had never used compost and that the only thing she did to improve her soil was bury kitchen scraps. I've been burying kitchen scraps for years (just barely under the soil to not disturb it too much) and think the important thing is to bury them not at the time of planting but at the end of the season, so that they've broken down when it's time to plant. Sometimes in the fall in rows where I wasn't able to cover crop, I throw kitchen scraps on top of the bed and then cover them with a thin layer of leaves and/or straw.

After my Italian father harvested his crops in the fall, he would dig a trench of about 12 inches throughout the garden and throughout the winter he would add food scraps and just continue to add food scraps and cover up the trench. By the time he was ready to do his planting in the spring, everything was broken down, and his soil was ready to be planted. Obviously, that is the key to making sure that everything is broken down before you plant in it, otherwise the microbes breaking down those large items are robbing the plant of the nutrients that they need. Great experiment. Thanks for sharing.

I use dried used coffee grounds, kitchen scraps' compost, and chicken pen cleanings on my gardens. The plants LOVE it. I do this all year-round.

Many years ago my neighbors (a married couple) in a community garden had a method that seemed to result in terrific rich soil and amazing veggie production. They would cut up their kitchen scraps and freeze them until they had enough to bury in a square foot or so of their garden. When they harvested a section, they would dig down several inches, bury the kitchen scraps, cover them back up, then NOT GARDEN THAT SECTION for a couple of months until all of the kitchen scraps had decomposed. One possibility for why Roma and Eggbert did the best is that Roma had nothing buried under it, and Eggbert had mostly broken eggs which would have decomposed very quickly. So the plants' roots weren't *competing* with the composting materials. All the goodies in the soil went to the plants, not to breaking down the compost materials. If you left those six areas alone for another year then planted out six more tomato plants, you might see different results, because all of the buried materials would have broken down.

I would have loved to see you guys taste test a tomato from each plant to see if you could tell a difference in their flavor too. Probably not a lot of difference but it makes me wonder. I think the lack of aphids on the Oxilis was the most interseting detail... a natural way to fight those annoying bugs!

A variable that wasn't tested was to make sure you had the same mass of additives to each plant and to emulsify to make sure you have the same surface area. There were WAY more fish heads than anything else and they were HELLA wet. I would happily redesign this experiment with you Kevin. It's literally my job lol

This reminds me of something my grandfather told me about sixty years ago. He said, a plant will grow not because of what you do to it, it grows in spite of what you do to it.

I save my eggshells and break them down to almost a powder and some various sizes and mix it with my compost. I get so much tomatoes that I can eat exclusively from my raised beds for 6 months and still have plenty for my neighbors to help themselves to.

This was fascinating! As a science teacher who emphasizes using control groups, I love that you included one! A gold star! However, On the Control plant, you did not show that you dug up the soil to the same depth, or had an empty steel cage underneath it. Strictly speaking, the lack of turning the soil underneath the control plant definitely could have affected the growth. Thanks for an interesting video!

This is the kind of content that I really love - side by side comparisons to test different methods. Coming from a coastal community with a strong fishing heritage, I can tell you that fish byproducts are definitely used to enrich the soil, but nobody is putting huge heaps of fish under each plant. Fish bones/scraps/entrails etc are dug into beds in the fall after harvest to allow them time to break down before spring planting, and this is done annually so the parts that take longer to break down have multiple season to finish the job.

Really great video. I ❤ the fact you made 1 video with continual updates instead of making three or four little videos making us getting recapped every step of the way. This was very efficient use of time for me and very educational regarding gardening. One of the reasons I keep coming back 🙂

I'd like to see the fish heads ground up for easier breakdown and see of it makes a difference with less surface area.

Only Kevin and Jacques can react to broken down fish heads with the same awestruck ferocity of a twitch streamer and not be cringy while still being entertaining and educational 😂

I planted late tomatoes (mid-June). I just happened to take a seaweed foraging class that day and buried the extra seaweed when I planted the tomato *seeds* in the ground. The plants are so deep green and robust and I'm actually getting fruit in October. Definitely going to do that again next year 🙂

Angela, in the 1950s and 1960s my dad got me and my two siblings up by 6am 6 days a week when school was out to work in the acre + of garden, or take us to our grandparents farm to work the gardens there! I was in 4-H also! As long as we have life we can be gardening somewhere, somehow, thus keeping connection with nature as we grow even a little food indoors/outdoors! I have found no matter where I am if I step out to do more, such as gardening, then God makes a way and opens doors for me to be able to garden more.

New sub!! Loved it. I use my fish tank water in addition to regular watering when I do my water changes and it makes plants EXPLODE in size, health, and production!!

So interesting to see the long term progress of this experiment! Seeing how quickly everything's broke down has me considering composting in ground more often 🤔

Absolutely fascinating. As an extremely lazy gardener, I feel vindicated after telling countless people on facebook that making all these crazy concoctions and teas and such is just too much work. Just compost the dang weeds. Just compost it all and be done with it.

Basically you over fertilized your tomato plants. My native American ancestors would only use a half to one fish head per tomato or corn plant. Best use of kitchen scraps is to compost them ahead of planting season. Then mix in with your regular compost.

love this experiment. I have been burying indiscriminate kitchen scraps in my garden this year but just started planting. I am excited to see the results.

Only problem here is.... I was taught that burying food scraps was an off season thing; you do it at the end of the growing season to prepare the soil for the following spring.

My husband hooked up our kitchen sink "in sinkerator" to deposit our kitchen scraps organic matter directly outside to our compost pile. Works great but does need added drier materials like straw, sand, ashes, sawdust, to balance the liquid. No wasted effort and gorgeous rich compost for planting and top dressing.

It is interesting that you blend your scraps first! Good idea!

Timing matters for decomposition. Grinding things smaller and putting them in the ground way sooner than the plants get in will get a better result.

I used to bury fish scraps over 2 foot down under rose bushes. I think the first year it's too acidic. The second year, the growth was amazing. It was almost like you could tell when the roots hit that area. I also wondered about sunlight. Could that have had anything to do with the better success at the egg/nothing end? They were very bushy. I would suggest putting them even further apart. Very cool experiment. I love stuff like this!

This was like going back in time nearly 60 yrs, my dad and I use to dig a starting trench at the top of the vegetable garden then spread evenly with literally everything, old newspapers, kitchen scraps, leaves, grass cuttings even old clothes until it covered the bottom at which point we would used the soil from in front backfilling the last one while at the same time creating a new trench, finally working our way down the whole vegetable garden, it wasn’t just a seasonal thing but an all year long one until we reached the end of the garden when we’d start a new trench back at the top and continue the cycle all over again. Never needed to use any compost or fertiliser and we always had bumper vegetable crops, so much so that we gave a lot away to neighbours.

I've been doing this in my garden for years with good results. I have a compost pit right in the middle of my garden and I just throw every biomatter food waste in there. Chicken bones, egg shells, banana peels, any garden produce that's been damaged by pests. The nutrients from the pit wash into the surrounding soil and the surrounding plants eat it up. But the one thing that really kicked down the door was growing some stropharia rugosoannulata (wine cap mushrooms) mycelium in a mason jar on popcorn kernels. Once the jar was fully myceliated, I took the lid off and buried it halfway, upside down, in the corner of the compost pit and then covered the whole pit with straw. Everything I'm growing loves it. More tomatoes, blueberries, all of my food crops had a bigger yield with less work. Even my hibiscus, morning glories, nandinas and wisteria love it. On top of that, stropharia are a food crop themselves and are native to most of the continent.

My grandparents always used minnows, or tiny bait fish or bone meal, veg scraps, egg shells and coffee grounds on their tomatoes, and they always had tons of tomatoes. And they always added the egg shells and coffee grounds around the base After it was planted and was beginning to grow well.

I love how exited you two are about the broken down fish. It would be interesting to plant again next year in the same spots, with no additional scraps, to see which made the best compost for next year.

I forgot some fish in a cooler for a few weeks. I left them in that cooler with the water they were already in for about 4 months total and watered half of my tomatoes with it. There was nothing left in the water except scales and bones. That half of my tomato plants got the largest and produced the most.

Thank you, this study will make my life so much easier. I do let my garden rest after 7 years of growing. This has helped greatly.

I am going to plant a garden this year. This was a fascinating video to watch. My parents grew a big garden in Ukraine and I have not had any big experience in this field. Thank you for posting.

This is possibly the most interesting garden experiment I have ever seen. I would have probably spaced the tomato plants a little wider apart if possible, to minimize transfer of nutrients amongst them, especially during watering, especially during the hurricane you went through. There may or may not have been other control issues, such as angle of light and length of exposure to light for each bush. Actual percentages of ripe vs ripe tomatoes would have been nice on the otherwise great graph you put up. Also, it would be interesting, even as a follow up video, to hear about the taste quality of each batch of tomatoes, taste being ostensibly the most important factor in why one grows tomatoes in the first place. Does the nature of the substrate added come through in the taste of the tomatoes? Were there catfishy-tasting tomatoes, and were there more floral, or more aromatic ones? Which ones had the best, the worst, or the blandest taste? Which ones were best in recipes? Which ones lasted longer? Which ones were easier to cook with based on skin thickness, overall juiciness, or amount of seeds? The moral of the story is quite clear, though, plant in an already rich soil or administer only expertly prepared fertilizer or well aged compost with fine particles. Loved this!

I only bury vegtable kitchen scraps during the late fall and winter so by spring they are completely decomposed which I believe makes a huge difference from your experiment. I also add egg shells but I ground them to a course powder and then add them to my garden which produces a great bounty of tomatoes.

Thank you! I haven’t had a garden in the last 4 years due to health problems. I am ready this year to make a small garden.❤

So glad that you did this with a video process to answer lots of my questions. I have buried kitchen waste (from our school) over time but just planted anything over it as I was trying to build a healthy environment for any kind of plants. I have used eggs in each tomato plant with success but always success with compost. As I am active in a community garden, our leader used a mixture of Epsom salt, bone meal and fertilizer, then we add compost and cover with soil. This is our 17th year coming up and our community garden is a huge boon for the seniors, the school and community at large. We are volunteers and pick and prep for the community on Friday mornings. We had to set strict time limits (open from 10:00-12:00) as people come earlier and earlier and our produce was skimpy. We also have flowers and people can pick for weddings and such at no cost. Most importantly, it is on school grounds, so traffic is controlled and although too many of us are retired and now more limited, it keeps us young and purposeful. Newer and younger folks are coming alongside. We are paying it forward in a good way. In this time of polarization, hate and such, it is great to work with a range of people for the good of everyone. (Yoda message there.) Nina

It would have been interesting to do a soil test before and after to see what the nutrients were.

My grandmother buried her scraps and she had beautiful gardens! Some would sprout & grow and she'd get more veggies. It's been so long ago but I remember she harvested tomatoes and eggplant. She could grow anything! Definitely had a green thumb! 👍💚

What a tidy and neat gentleman. All looks so good around your house.

My Grandmother taught me this. No waste. No expense.

By far one of your best videos. You should repeat the experiment next growing season to see if the results are similar.

I love this! You should replant in the same holes next year and see what happens now that these items are fully decomposed.

I loved this video! The nerd in me was fascinated!!! Do more of these videos. I’m all in!

Thank you for this! I’m such a neophyte at gardening . My Grandfathers had Victory gardens their whole lives. My Dad gardened too. So learning these tips will keep me from following trends and tips that you already saved me from!

Experiment variations: 1)emulsify the materials, 2)combine in each the whole and emulsified materials in two separate plantings, 3)each planting variation done with pre-composted amendment. I totally dig this facet of gardening, and would be far more motivated by it, and then making a 'parameters and results' video. Fun!

It would be interesting to redo the experiment next year in the same holes and see which one has the better soil a season later

What people don't realize is that it takes more time for a plant to use nutrients that aren't broken down. Small bugs and bacteria consume and excrete the compost material and process it into small pieces. Probably waiting at least a year or two before planting would be a better experiment. The fish heads might even win!

as a wildlife conflict specialist i can tell you living in the PNW those heads would have been eaten by a bear, racoon, or the many other creatures so putting that in the ground even deep would bring guests unknown to your home, so, what we do is we make it into a smoothie. blending it into small particles as you pointed out does a lot of the heaving lifting. you can throw anything in if it blends and add it on or in the soil. it is quickly absorbed and feeds numerous bugs that we love. Not attracting wildlife is essential to my role up her on the Sunshine Coast and by blending our scraps into smoothies not only do we respect wildlife but we also help feed the soil with bug bite size food which grows a stronger root system and mycium system which is vital for nutrient depth. (win, win...win:) so thanks for your work it backed up my knowledge that smoothies are best:) ps...use washed raw seaweed as a trial for fertalizer against the petrolium based ones...thats something id love to see in an episode

I've used all these in my garden including fish heads etc..not catfish heads just mullet and kahawai nz fish. I never planted immediately on top I waited about 9 days watered the soil then planted my veggies. An amazing display of growth within 2 weeks began. The "Roma" pile amazed me and it just shows how amazing natural soil is. I so enjoyed this experiment and while I won't change how I work in my own garden it definitely helps me to think more when I begin a new area that hasn't been used before. Thanks so much

When growing from seed we would expect there to be at least two different phenotypes. It is possible your noodle plant lost the gene lottery, and the control was just a very vigorous pheno. If you are planning a 2.0 next year definitely use clones to eliminate this variable. Fun experiment, keep up the great content!

the most educational experiment with food scraps I found on YT! Excellent job!

Brilliant! Also thumbs up for the sheer commitment to actually make this video!

I think I’ll use this in my 7th grade science class to teach about control groups and eliminating extra variables. Good job, epic!

Really interesting! I have been burying my kitchen scraps for years. I got tired of making a compost pile and now dig random holes in my gardens and dump in the scraps. I do not do it near plants during growing season. I have never dug up any of the scraps, they all decompose fairly quickly. I have an increase number of worms and awesome rich soil. So much easier than maintaining a compost pile and tossing it.

Wow, GREAT EXPERIMENT! Thanks guys for all the work involved and sharing this with us!

This was fantastic! Thanks for doing the work and sharing!! Highly appreciated!!

All in all I think it was a really interesting experiment. But I scanned through some of the comments to see if anyone caught onto something I noticed. Which was the amount of sunlight. Through out the whole video at each segment I noticed the plant with the table scraps always had more sunlight. While as you went down the row the sunlight went dimmer. So I'm wondering if that played a factor. Also I really think it would have cool to do a Taste comparison. Altimentally I think I would compost first then plant. All of that stuff together probably would have made an awesome compost.

This was a fascinating experiment. I love your long term videos where we get to see the results at the end, as opposed to waiting months for a follow up video.

Fascinating experiment and results. Thanks for doing this and showing us!

This video came in the nick of time. I'm just about ready to plant my garden. Totally shocking results. Thanks guys!

The fish heads probably created higher temperatures while breaking down in the nets. I bet if you did the same experiment in proximity to the plant you would get a better result. Also please try this with corn next year! Would love to see the outcomes. You guys are the best!

My dad always put the fish scraps in the garden the year before planting. He grew easily 4 foot tomato plants. They were not romas though and from experience romas are usually not as big. One of the best in size things he grew were zucchini which were like 5-6 pound monsters. Honestly, just making a general compost pile over a year ie. table scraps, a little vegetation, fish scraps, ect., let it break down with soil mixed in for a year, and then using it to plant in is best. Also, my dad went as far as to bring in trucks of dirt from his friends property and sifted out the pebbles. It was some of the darkest soil he had ever seen.

Wonderful experiment and thank you for posting it all from start to finish. Wow!

This ended up being way more interesting than I originally thought, watched the whole video and I learned a lot! 👍😎

The fact that the weed one did better trolling aphids seems like a win in that category

Awesome video and experiment. An old friend of mine told me this is how he grew all his crops, never bought any inputs. He would use anything he could get his hands on… didn’t matter what. The KEY FACTOR he said was giving it 2 months before planting. Great channel!!!!

❤great job. I've never seen an experiment of such. Thanks for sharing. I'll look for more videos like this 😊

Was not surprised by the outcome. I was raised to garden. It was fun to watch.

My thoughts are that Roma may have done best, as the natural microbial layer was not disturbed like the other ones were. Goes along with the belief that you should not till your garden in the spring, right before planting. It's interesting regardless, and I hope to see more of these!

Love this. It actually re-affirms, to me, the burying of all earth materials in the garden, especially for people who have very little space. Personally I think it means bury it but not directly under the plant. So for example, bury it, then cover with soil and mulch and fertilizer/amendments, then the plant. Give the stuff some time to become decomposed before the plant roots get there and need it. Super experiment! For me, I bury scraps, garden weeds, etc before I need to plant, or off to the side or in a corner. Course, in my area, I also need them for moisture retention, not just to break down. My soil still needs way more organic materials.

Scraps under soil - great test 👏👏👏 Thank You 👏👏👏

Fascinating video! Thanks for sharing. Would be interesting to see how the plants would do next year if you planted them in the same soil samples.

Ok, I can already tell this is gonna be a massively helpful video. Thank you so much dude.

Super interesting! The results make sense to me, since decomposition makes a plant compete for oxygen so it had the least competition in the control plant. I would be curious to see how these various scraps categories would compete against each other in a partially buried beside the plants, instead of underneath. That would keep the decomposing materials up in the highest couple of inches or so of dirt where roots are typically sending feeder roots for nutrition without forcing potentially toxic & oxygen deprivation conditions directly under the plant.

Y'all are the best! Thank you for doing all that work for us

Did ya’ll do a flavor test?! This was so fun. Thank you!

One year I did trench composting over the winter in one of my raised beds. I dug a hole, filled it with a bucket of the kitchen scraps /old fridge leftovers and covered it with the soil from the hole dug next to the first hole. I trench composted both long sides of the 3' wide beds. In the spring, I planted broccoli , cabbage and cauliflower plants over the compost. WOW! The plants were very vigorous and produced gorgeous heads .

Please do more of these experiments, they are fascinating and very educational!

This was such a great experiment! Says to me that the one with nothing added had the exact right balance of bioavailable nutrients without the rotting and breaking down process. The lack of bugs on the weed one was really interesting.

This video was great. I'm composting my kitchen scraps by drying them by my fire all winter and will crush them up for spring container gardening. Last year I used a bit of fertilizer. I'm curious about this working. Maybe by breaking it down first gives it an advantage. Thanks for your sharing❤

That is an interesting experiment that should continue into future years. However, I think for most of us novice gardeners, the best takeaway would be to add all those ingredients to our compost and use it evenly in our planting beds. I still consider myself novice even though I have been growing veggies etc in 9b Sacramento for 40 years. Love your channel, good info.

I think it would be really interesting to see the macro/ micro nutrients available now in the soil with a soil analysis

Thank u so much for doing this experiment! Sometimes simple is best.

Great experiment and a very well-done video. This sort of confirms to me that I'm on the correct practice path in my garden. Thanks

very interesting experiment! I think the outcome of the buried kitchen scraps (scrappy) was important though - it shows how those scraps can help build the soil even though this year the plant was sort of average... building the soil is an important goal... some people dont have room for a compost pile so adding kitchen vegetable scraps directly to the bed is still worth something to the soil building goal... it was so interesting to see how each one looked underground at the end too! thank you!

Can we get more experiments like these? This was amazing and very interesting

Very interesting, but I was very happy you did consider the roots at the end. I think the roots would be worth an experiment all on it's own.

Loved your thoughtful garden experiment. I've gardened for about 45 years and made my own compost for 35 of those years. I haven't read any comments yet, but I'm guessing I won't be the only one to suggest the timing of the introduction of "stuff" to improve soil before planting is just as important as what. Composting breaks these items down over time, so I'm guessing if you put everything back in place and repeat your experiment, adding nothing, they'll all come out pretty equal. Great good gardening fun though. Thanks!

So, the funny thing for me is my 3 babies, in order, weighed the same as Eggbert, Oxalis, and Noodle. The little one, Flora, was 8 weeks premature due to preeclampsia. She's 1 now, an absolute delight, and I can't wait to have them all in the garden with me this year. This was a wonderfully well-executed experiment. Science teachers should show this video in their classrooms.

This is what I do with my juicing pulp! Well sort of, I bury them just to the side of my plants, not directly under. Works so fast because it’s all tiny bits. I have an ecxoerinent going right now with some butchering scrap. I don’t have a dog to feed those animal odds and ends to after butchering so we dug a deep hole, covered them well, and put a huge 2x2 block over it. It’s been many months and nothing dug into it, no smell, and the nearby plants are growing like crazy. Next summer I’ll be planting a pumpkin or melon in that space and see how it does.

I just have a staging area in the back of my yard to make compost. Food scraps, lawn clippings, garden waste, all my fishing scraps, heads and guts, weeds. Let them sit for a year and turn them 2 or three times. Then in the spring before starting the garden I till the compost into the garden. My tomato plants are taller and bigger than me. I always start them with a basket over them, and I monitor the branches so they don't get stuck on the basket hoops. When they out grow the basket I use 7 foot outdoor gardening poles to help keep them propped up. I always end up with a bumper crop of tomatoes.

great gardening project! Thank you for sharing that process and evaluation. Very informative!

I enjoyed this. For the fish though, we never planted on top of fresh guts/heads. I live in a 4 season climate & fall & winter were when we put the fish scraps in the ground. In spring we tilled then planted. I have always thought of it as in place composting because we never had fish left by the time we planted. I believe that might be the difference from the experiment.

This is the first video in a long time (on any channel) that I've actually watched and paid attention to the whole way through. My ADHD is so bad but this one actually kept me engaged. I'd love to see more experiment videos like this one!

Kudo's to you sir for wanting to go noodlin'. my brother goes often in oklahoma close to my home. Im sure we could make it happen haha! thanks for all the fun your channel has been! doing my own garden for the first time this year. ive tried to keep it as much control as possible.