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From my experience in armour, the ability to bolt your helm to your cuirass would also give your neck a break, carrying the weight of visored bascinet and associated mail all on your head is quite taxing. Great video!

Thanks for the shout out! I don't think I could decide to be honest. I've jousted in a frogmouth great bascinet, and an armet, and wear a sallet for everything else. I think the reason there are so many designs and choices when it comes to medieval armour is because there are so many factors to consider. I suppose if I was told I just had to choose one helmet, the armet is the most versatile, especially when you consider visors of exchange...

Regarding the bringing it back idea: Just look at the barbut! Isn't it just a Corinthian helmet? There's plenty of cases where they brought stuff back after someone poked around some ruins. They even did it with laws.

I used to think the armet is better by default because it comes later but honestly the frogmouth just resonates better with me now. I mean, it's both derpy and horrifying at the same time, It would be a hit at Halloween parties

I love that you addressed the oddly specific dates used for the development of armor. Even on my own channel, I typically only refer to dates in the form of 100 year periods. Armor styles didnt just switch out like a fashion magazine when the hip new look comes out. There has always been massive overlap in tech.

No equipment just disappears. It's why in my study of viking swords, it only really makes sense to look for the date when they were first manufactured in a specific style. We can maybe say 'the style first appeared around date X, and fell out of fashion by date Y,' but they were probably still in use. I mean, in modern situations, we have people in conflicts using weapons from WWI or WWII still, if they need to.

Just a random thought, but is it actually *that* important for a random member of an army to be able to look around on a battlefield? In the context of Hollywood movie battles where it's just a giant chaotic swirling melee and an attack could come from any direction, the inability to turn one's head would seem like a massive detriment. But real battles usually weren't like that. If your unit maintains its cohesion, the enemy should only be in front of you. If there's an urgent need to be aware of something behind you, chances are that something has gone horribly wrong. Also if only a part of the unit is wearing frogmouths, the ones that aren't can respond to sudden new threats, and perhaps even warn their less responsive mates of a sudden development.

Would be nice to have similar vid on Armet vs Sallet comparison, I know you enjoy your frogmouth a lot but damn I feel like Sallet was a closer competitor to Armet

Interesting! I really appreciate towards the end your point on the possibility that the different helmets were best suited to different jobs and were chosen for such. Someday I'd love to see a video how left-handed people dealt with arms and armor.

I thought of another disadvantage to armets. When the design is made to be as close- and form fitting as possible, the protection against concussive force will probably be decreased. Compare it to a larger helmet that is suspended from the top of your head with more air between the inside of the helmet and your skull, if you get struck on the head the weight of the helmet will absorb a lot of the concussive energy. It might make your helmet move and shift in an uncomfortable way, but it beats getting a fractured skull. With this in mind, I'd feel more safe wearing a frogmouth if going up against an opponent armed with a reinforces club or mace, but less so if wearing an armet.

My favourite is the close helm type armet with an optional wrapper. On a side note, I'm fond of the German term Stechbart for the wrapper, which would translate to something like stab-beard. A metal beard preventing lances from stabbing you in the face, not a beard to stab someone with, unfortunately ... still. Metalbeard! I also like the simple genius of the close helm with only two shared pivot points. And the symmetry. To me, the "armet"- armet with hinges and pivots appears sort of ... untidy is much too strong an expression, but, y'know ... Additionally, the minute asymmetry of the overlapping cheeks constantly tickles my OCD tendencies and sets me a little on edge😆.

I think if it comes to drawing/painting armor like that, even if iconography shows these types of helmets being used, it could just mean that's the type of armor that the artist was familiar with. Like most artworks, they are based on reality, and since I don't think many painters visited battlefields, it seems to me that they had greater chances to observe the jaust. And when it came to painting, it was like "oh that helmet looks cool - I'll paint it", without a full understanding of neuance. Hope that makes any sense. And it's just my guesses on a subject, from artist perspective, as we won't know for sure.

Didn't know how Richard III died but now I'm going to venture forth the theory that someone removed his helmet during a battle and then proceeded to introduce him to the wondrous world of severe head trauma 😂

I've worn both in unmounted melee and honestly they're about the same except the Armet looks cooler 😋 Both are a bit hard to wear they're really tiring I was dripping with sweat both times, the frogmouth was a bit odd because on foot the natural response to being hit so high is to present the crown or brow of your head which is usually the toughest bit of the helm but I barely felt hits coming from below so hits to my jawline skated off too, just had to get into habit of lifting my chin without blinding myself. I think another advantage of the Armet was that it was closer to my face, when you're dashing about in mud with flies buzzing around your head keeping it all out felt necessary, I remember a Jouster telling me that he tilted with a bee in his frogmouth 😄

Very informative video; definitely the extensive depictions of the frogmouth in battlefield or on foot duel scenarios have convinced me of the larger picture of it being used outside of jousting. I like that on Dark Souls 2, the game on the background screen, they have a very ornate and beautiful Frogmouth called the Loyce Helm, which is definitely not bolted but it does stay still when you move, so no neck movement there. On dark souls 3 there's Lapp's Helm, which is a more proper frogmouth, which depending on your chest piece of choice, changes to be bolted to the chest, or be a stand alone helm. Very cool stuff.

Very interesting fact the one about the dates you said in minute 12 to 13. As I say to my pupils people in History didn't go to bed in Medieval era and wake up next morning in Modern ages. Things are part of a process, a change which occurs gradually. With helmets, with models of swords... just as today: even if mobile phones are most common every day still are people who use the old cable phones. Same in the past, technologies didn't appear or dissapear from one day to another, exactly as art styles, politic ideas, phylosopihical theories... Thanks as usual for your videos.

6:55 some historians believe that the last words he heard were: “OY! That’s my horse!”

You raise some very spot on points with your arguments. I know that you and many many other medieval combat enthusiasts do not view buhurt as a proper swordsmanship and there is a point to it too (as thrusts and a lot of other techniques are completely missing for safety reasons) BUT I do think that sport has a lot of great views on the usability of armour in very physically demanding use. Why do I bring up buhurt? Logic is clear. The lengthy battle in heavy armor on foot is something we do know something about. Points that really support your thesis in several ways: 1: Movement, vision and breathing. Frog mouth will block more of your carbon dioxide exiting the helmet before the next inhale. The choise to wear such a heavy helmet is definately with the use in mind. 2: Versibility and wearibility. Armets (and all types of visored helmets more or less can be worn while getting a breather, drinking and eating if needed. Dressing into a proper harness takes time. Even the helmet. As you pointed out, the visor is there for a reason. This reason. 3: Rondels. Nuff said. Exactly and on point. p.s Buhurt people do include a lot of serious students of multitude of martial arts, including HEMA approach. We are the idiots who want to take part in brutality between people.

Great video, I really like Armets. Also thanks about mentioning close helmets and maximillian armour. If you have a knowledge about Greenwich Armour - could you make a video about it? I really like the style of it and would like to hear more about it.

Probably my favourite video of yours. I just love armet helms, im obsessed. (Davvero complimenti, aspettavo da tanto un video simile!!)

Hey Metatron! I really love your videos and I just want to ask if you could make a video about the landsknechts?

Good release! I believe that the Frogmouth helmet was not used in the war. Only in tournaments. Usually it weighs a lot, it is impossible to fasten it yourself from behind. Armet ideal knight helmet for war.

I had been waiting for a video about the armet! For me, the image of an Italian condottiero from the 1460s charging on horseback with his full wrapper armet, is just too fascinating

Another great and interesting video! Thank you.

Looking forward to seeing the Richard the Third Video. Excellent video dude!

I'm a Saxon and I personally agree with your challenge. I think Italians were generally some of the greatest armor smiths in Europe (and perhaps the world) for the Medieval Ages, and mastering armor was simply part of their heritage as a people and nation. I also want to say that us Saxons had a similar helmet style where we had to flaps on our helmets, an oval top, with a face mask. The flaps in a similar fashion would tie together at the bottom so it would better encompass the skull. That and it simply looked intimidating and fierce. This style of helmet was used by Saxons even into the Viking age and we very well might have picked it up from the Romans, though I have no evidence or proof to support this statement, but, I wouldn't completely disregard it.

Out of the two I would choose the bolted down frog for shield wall and the armett with wrap and still a gorgett for back line archer.

I can see Frogmouth as a preferred option for an armored fist charge right into a center of enemy line. As for the other, I mean, I can see a nobleman with a Roman helmet talking to an armorer and talking about what he wants and referring back to the Roman helmet and the armorer borrowing the helmet to study to make the nobleman helmet.

extra wrapper or no .. well theres things to be said for both situations .. I guess Id choose based on what I was expecting to happen on the day. A raid type situation I might choose less protection because I might want to move fast and be able to react to the unexpected .. a full battle I might sacrifice flexibility if it looked like a long day

Could I look at bo-hurt to know 'the best' armor & helmets? Or are these modern ideas? Truly enjoy your vids, Sir. Appreciate them a lot 👍

Wrapper and gorget. With a lance charge and the potential of blunt weapons that regularly dent armor and possibly brake bone lol I'll take the extra protection. Also I'm 6 ft 2 and a crack shot with an M-16 A2, if I can learn to be as good with a long bow or Yumi, the two best places for our side to place me would be as part of the shield wall or in the back as a long range shot with a heavy war bow. Eather way having more armor to prevent a repete of the head and spine injuries I experienced in basic training is much appreciated. From personal experience take the extra, brain and central nervous system damage is not fun and generally both are hard for doctors to find and also at least in my experience only get worse over time without miraculous healing. Fight smarter today, live and be healthy enough to fight a second day. Lol

Bellissimo video. Sottolineare la necessità di considerare certe date come indicazioni di massima e ribadire l'esistenza di periodi di transizione è veramente lodevole. 5:00 non sono convinto, una reinvenzione o riscoperta è molto più probabile. Una ispirazione, magari tramite fonti iconografiche, sul tipo di quella tra elmo corinzio e barbuta è certamente possibile, ma quel tipo di chiusura per l'elmo scompare durante il quarto secolo e non ricompare fino a inizio quindicesimo, sono almeno mille anni di vuoto, troppo per una continuità d'uso.

Phrygian helmets also had this feature. In some of these helmets the cheek pieces had the shape of a beard.

Thank You very much for this video 🙂 !

Hey, congrats for the video, I feel happy by seeing many channels historically coherents with such a great taste. I´m from Brazil and here there´s a channel called "brasão de armas" it´s kinda the same style of pourposes, you´re italian right? so you may understand our videos in portuguese, in every case, the channel of Thiago Braga ( Brasão de Armas) also includes subtitles on the options, it would be great to see a collab video between you two, thanks!

It is really a shame that Ian has abandoned his knight errant channel.

Thank you for making this. I had some questions: What's the problem with having to turn your torso to look around if you have a wrapper or frog mouth? That seems like a minor inconvenience at worst. What's the benefit of a closed helmet opening design over an Armet? You mentioned that taking off Armets are difficult to take off. Why? Would Frogmouths be easier to take off? I also got some ideas I got for the helmets: In your Top 10 (11) Most Effective Helmets video, there was a German variant of the Salat that had an elongated piece on the back of the helmet that could protect the neck. Could the Armet benefit from having that added? The Frogmouth does have the forward jaw to get thicker metal protection, but doesn't that mean overhead blows will catch more instead of easily sliding off? What if you had the brow protrude further beyond the jaw to have overhead blows slide off of it? Finally, what if you make a segment out of the Frogmouth and hinge it to lift up like a visor? Then you have a Frogmouth with neck protection, no wrapper that can have the strap broken, and a visor to lift up and get your face access outside of the helmet.

0:05 what a way of greeting someone! XDDDDDD I love you Metatron!

I don't think I'd wear either helmet but if I absolutely HAD TO, I'd...probably follow your example and wear what fits the situation the most and what would ensure my survival the best. I kinda like my life. Really tho, I'm not that much of a fighter. I like my weapons and stuff but combat isn't my forte. or conflict in general. I'm pretty timid and shy IRL.

What i found about medieval iconography and art , it is that it is pretty accurate . What it is a books and paintings is pretty accurate to the time the author lived , expecially if they represnts scenes of medieval life and battle . Yes , some artistic licenses existed but in generai it is pretty accurate . Paintings were treated more like pictures in our days , then something that the artist may dream of . When it came to clothes , armour and weapons or scenes of lifes they are pretty spot on.

Could you make a video on the armor style called Kastenbrust? There is almost no videos on it. I really like your Burgundian knight armor video so it would be cool to see someone talk about the Kastenbrust style especially because you see it on a decent bit of effigies like the ones in Innsbruck. A notable thing about those is just how boxy the breast plates are compared to modern interpretations. Maybe you could shine some light on this almost forgotten style of armor.

I like the idea of stating that X is associated with particular dates, as apposed to treating the dates as hard rules.

Great video, very interesting. My choice? The Frogmouth looks cooler, but if it I could afford only a single helmet, I would go with the armet. It seems to be more versatile. The Frogmouth could in fact be a disadvantage on a battlefield if you meet guys who know these things and how to deal with them.

Yet another banger video from my favorite medieval Loreal model

Close Helm. Versatile, easier to don and remove by one's self. I really like an example I saw that has a two piece visor. The entire front of the hem could be lifted, letting one wear it like a sallet with the visor raised. From there, the whole helmet could be closed like a giant visor, or just the helm's front plate, leaving the visor raised. If the visor is closed, the upper section protecting the eyes could be raised for better visibility and air flow, while the visor's lower section still protected the entire face. Even with the additional front plate strapped over the throat and lower face of the helm, the upper visor could still be raised. Very cool design.

Who needs vision when youre the protag. Just swing and eventually youll win

The date thing on helmets is a fair point, I know of at least 2 paintings of battles from the mid 1400's showing guys in frogmouths, basinets, armets, and even a couple great helms which in theory went out of fashion 50-100 years earlier. As to why wear a frog mouth in to battle , well if you owned one why not especially if you expect to run into enemy cavalry.

Love the points on not rigidly assigning unchanging dates to helment types! VSauce had similiar comments about dress and style in his vid on time illusions. It's not like people from the 80's got up early when 1990 came around and all agreed to change style and music, etc. I find it soooo difficult to keep that in mind when studying history. That time is more like a gradation or smear that insensibly changes, not rigid categories like movie genres. LOL

The frogmouth looks rad but it invites direct blows to the top of the head more than any other.

Hi Metatron! Regarding the closing mechanism, how do you know medieval Italian armorers had access to such Roman helmets? Not saying that the theory isn't plausible

I really like the explanation that they had many choices of armour, shields and helmets for a variety of "jobs". Like today, we have many tools that do the same job, the difference being specialisation for a specific situation usually. And I think people in the past had more ingenuity for alot of problem solving, then we do today. I would say there tools for metal work and sowing techniques show that well. Not that we cant do that today... Just that we dont spend enough time testing stuff physically... Unlike Tod, he does alot haha.

Although no where near historical, loved the armor from the 1981 movie Excalibur. Armets generally resemble the helmets used by Arthur's knights at the 2nd half of the movie.

The Roman helmet was based upon Celtic helms regarding the neck guards and cheek pieces, was it not?

Greetings noble one. In making theese considerations about a possible development of italian armor pieces from roman metalworks, are you considering, in the future, to talk about italian medieval armor "all'antica"?

I think an armet without wrapper is close to the ideal balance between protection and its trade offs like mobility and comfort etc. It is very protective although definitely less than frogmouth or armet with wrapper, but it is certainly more mobile and comfortable. On the other hand, it is certainly less mobile and comfortable than kettle helm or sallet without bevor, but it is certainly more protective. And raising the visor can increase comfort instantly, compromising protection a bit. It seems to be really the most versatile.

I don’t know what’s the best helm but I do know the Metatron is the best when it comes to clapping historical cheeks!!! You’re the greatest man in history Metatron!!!

a few videos ago someone commented that metatron content is shifting towards more clickable titles and such and i responded that its most likely not some trend shift but just a part of evolution of the channel and the channel creator trying to not burn himself out, now seeing a "typical" video im pretty sure i was right

They were both the best helmets at doing what they were designed to do. And the fact that knights did own several helmets and choose based on the situation is a great point. I think a lot of people over romanticise knights and forget the fact that they were highly trained professional soldiers. Not some flashy derps. Our modern soldiers don't use the same stuff for any situation either. Sometimes vpam 12 body armor is more useful and sometimes it's just better to go for vpam 6 or 9 and cut some weight and bulk. Other times you go for a fastback helmet with a vpam6 front plate, or a helmet with a vpam3 visor.

My favorite part of this video is your brief, reserved rants against pedantry especially that involving modern terminology. Being occasionally guilty of pedantry myself makes me more aware of it when I see others doing it. I'd have to go with the armet if forced to choose one style. Protection is good but for me, adaptability is better.

I always thought that left side being more armoured compared to right side is due to Jousting and Tournaments. Your opponent will be by your left side. Tournament and "field" amours have plenty of differences.

What about the possibility of a frog mouth being used like a great helm, with an open face basinet or the like underneath. So when they feel they want more visibility and breathing they can take the frog mouth off and still have head protection. I don't see why that wouldn't be a reasonable assumption as they had examples and knowledge of the great helm and bacinet combination. Tournament armor and combat armor are designed and constructed in different ways from each other but are aesthetically similar, so I'd imagine that if you were to hold a frog mouth from one of the illustrations, it would feel completely different from a tournament helm and with a different liner system. Basically a reintroduction and redesign of the Great helm. Or was the great helm ever discontinued in use before the frog mouth gained popularity. Just a thought

EXCELLENT - Thanks ! ! ! 🙂😎👍

Hello, mate. Just a short comment: I didn't know you play WoT... I played for some time in the past, though now I don't ow the game and my works doesn't leave me free time enough to play, let alone the bad Internet connection. It would be interesting to see some of your clashes... Have a nice time.

my prefered is barbuta the T shaped one with an visor if needed. feels good on me

I personally love the armet and its versatility, but i do agree that evidence suggests that frogmouths were indeed used in battles sometimes atleast... especially the point that you brought up about a mass of heavy cavalry were the heaviest guys would be at the front and honestly on a full cavalry charge with horses closely pact together you dont need to see side to side because your mates are there.

All this situational tak was probably something brought up in period allot and led to the development to the bolt and wing nut and garniture.

I do have a good idea of how Richard the 3rd died, there are a few theories tho. Zacs group Destrier does a good cover of it, had to do it a few years at Bosworth.

For me if I am at the front main force it would be either a Frogmouth or a full armored Armet with the wrapper. As a charging force I am not a single guy,but a part of a bigger unit and we all cover the line in front of us. Our flanks would be a problem for our support flank troops and most likely they would be more flexible than a full charging frontal shock force. If I am being a part of those units then the Armet is better.

Interesting indeed 👍👍👍👍 I think for every-day use, I would probably choose an armet, for that versatility to take a breath, drink, etc, but for something specific like a tourney joust, I would definitely want a frogmouth... With a joust, as mentioned by Don Johnson's character in Django Unchained; all that matters is that the horse can see where it's going... 🙈🙈🙈🙈🤣🤣🤣🤣

Metatron i sooooo need to know where you bought your harnesses, I really want to get into medieval reenactment and you seem to know your stuff lol 😂

Well having jousted with solid lance in both helmets. i would say the best helmet really depends on the armour you wear. Now what you call it really depends what you call frogmouth. There is no doubt that what we generally now call a Frogmouth is a sport helmet. Being bolted or strapped to the chest with you head being literally suspended in it. But that is not necessarily the only form of helmet that looks like a frogmouth and great bassinet (very popular with the french) are usually strapped to the breast plate. Without any surviving exemple it is hard to say but you can get an armet and bassinet with a frog mouth like visor/garniture/reinforce As a side note in Ringeck we are told that when in combat range always advance with the left side in front (having a Milanese armour myself (cuirasse and large placard), I would say that it is definitely the bit that I want forward. With that specific armour, I would always favour armet and wrapper with a loose large roundel at the back and that on foot or on horse. When jousting you kind of sink into you wrapper, with the standard (1-6 mail around the neck) your head is supported enough for Impact even with lance stub when balsa have been spent.

I wonder if like old great helms many knights would wear a small close fitting helmet underneath and so only wear the frogmouth for the initial charge but would remove it when in a melee.

I don't think the point was brought up in your video, but another big factor with helmet use would of course be availability. If your father had a Frogmouth, and you weren't a rich family, chances are you might wear it yourself if it was in good condition. Armor and weapons were functionally family heirlooms, worth small fortunes. Even just a helmet would be an expensive buy. So, there's a good chance as the decades passed, these helms were inherited and used by the children or grandchildren who went to war. I'd speculate that such helms might have even been something similar to a coat of arms. Every suit of armor was different, and if you were one of the handful of people with a Frogmouth helm in your force (if not the only one), you would be easily recognizable.

Random funny thought: Were there any style point farming battlefield streakers who would run into the action naked and try to dodge stuff and beat people up barehanded? 1:24 Chickpeas? 🤡 18:15 Funny to consider that today we only like to dehumanize the enemy whereas back then people were dehumanizing themselves, too. (Although maybe we could say that today people do it through actions combined with forced self-unawareness.) P.S.: Would be great if you could get a camera lens into it to show us an approximate visibility. (But it is worth considering that visibility through a small opening improves with moving the eyes closer to it.)

I just love the frog mouth, what a good boy it is!

i like to think of the Frogmouth, at least the later variants, like sport helmets, sure i would wear one if i did not have anything else, but in a combat situation as combat helmet would be preferred. The idea of a cutoff point for equipment is pretty silly, even today it takes time for new equipment to roll out, and one does not throw away good stuff only because there is newer stuff, especially if there is a shortage of the new equipment. You mentioned Knyght Errand, he hasn´t uploaded for quite awhile, hope all is ok with him.

I think you might be right about it being a reinstallmint

With the naming issues, in Italian, there is generally less differentiation in naming stuff than moderns are comfortable with. Spada is a spada is a spada.

Not sure I like your sponsorship partner but at least it was short and I know them. Maybe it might be more useful to look at the times a certain type of weapon or armour was produced instead of when it was used as obviously obsolute stuff was used all the time if there was nothing else available or it was deemed good enough. Edit: The argument over frogmouth vs. sallet is a bit like non-turreted vs turreted tank.

perhaps next time you can compare armet vs sallet vs pig faced helm vs frogmouth.

I personally like Armet designs and it seems to be a versatile helmet which could be good for foot or horse back. The frogmouth looks amazing but I personally think it has the advantage in joust and cavalry use mostly. I would assume that a mounted knight would face lots of foot infantry and the lower protection on the frogmouth would be an advantage against attacks coming from foot infantry and if they charged other knights the frogmouth would have the advantage just like in a joust. If I were a knight I'd own both and use according to situation 😅

I think I would choose an armet with a visor, for the versatility; and also, because I like to see and breathe, and eat and drink occasionally.

While i get the point your making about the dates, but I do like knowing the dates more because of for research, id like to know when a certain kind of helmet came into being, when it started being used so, when I write or Run a game of VtM in a certain date I know whats around, Like i said, i get your point but i have my reasons for wanting to know when they were around.

Ooh now for the basinet

Very nice dark souls backround :^)

I wonder if they always had the choice, i.e. could they all afford several helmets, did they have it all with them in campaigns, and maybe sometimes one would use the jousting helmet for backup when the preferred helmet was broken. Meaning, there might be other reasons to wear a specific helmet than it being the best choice.

16:00 most badass helmet of all time

Nice teaser to get people back to watch your next video, yes I will be watching it, I want to know what happened to Richard the 3rd.

😂 loved the intro👍

You gotta love the frogmouth if only for the fact its appearance is sheer memetic potential :D

Do you really NEED a helmet to conform closer to the jaw and neck, though? Or would you benefit more from filling in the gaps with more protective padding?

I imagine the first time the enemy saw the knight using a Frogmouth, it must have been scary for the enemies.

To the helmet date point - we must remember that all classification is a sinplification, to aid our undetstanding, not an artifact of the real world - and in fact is only possible because of incomplete information. For eg if we had a complete fossil record it would bee impossible to say where a species begins and ends as all would grade into all

Signor Metatron we all know the most effective helmet is plot armour, if the scriptwriter and scenic director demands it, you will go bareheaded into battle and no sword or battle axe will harm you.

If you felt an itch or a tickle when wearing full armour, were there any tools to help you scratch it? And what about if you needed to pee? Serious comfort questions that never seem to be considered.

is it just me or I find the frogmouth quite well suited for phallanx like formation... with pike, spear and shield wall? I means... its mostly only your head out of shield cover and in thick formation then moving your head around ain't that much an issue... you prefere having go protection against incoming spear thrust as you can'T dodge most. My concern are against rain of arrows, breathing and communication... and I always wonder why there wasnt some kind of Tuba-like system devised to breath from the back of the helmet; well today that could be devised tho.

In any battle situation, I think I would prefer sallet (lamellar back)+bevor. Sorry, Raph.

Maybe I'm wrong, but I see the upper part of the frog helmet more vulnerable to maces or hammers, because it is flatter than the other

The ancient roman helmet resembles a lot ancient gallic ones, though those were not jointed at the chin.