it is very pretty.

How does red obsidian form? Better question...where can it be found?

Pepe's, or pele's? I'm afraid people called José (nicknamed Pepe in Spanish, after p. p., standing for pater putatibus, Latin for foster father, the role of St. Joseph in Christian mythology) have nothing to do with this mineral.

@Eperogi Limousine haha..

rare pepe's hair

Reminds me of asbestos but huge. I believe IR would be super hazardous.

So, loft insulation then

Reminds me of freaking fiberglass! :O

If you blow glass and pop a glass bubble its also very dangerous.

@@Travlinmo That was my thought as well.

That's almost exactly what I was just about to post lol you did it better though lol

I've seen them destroy hydraulic presses as well.

Why is it called that?

@@haven_lady675 …… I believe it was his messing around in a grass makers shop centuries ago where this was discovered. Not sure if it was him (Prince Rupert) proper or the glassmaker but something like that.

@@michaelgeisdorf6641 it is not uncommon that processes,results and products during previous eras were attributed to the patrons,nobles or maesters etc whom either presided over such processes, supplemented them with either capital or material or just plain owned the building

Did it ever break down into the landscape? It seems like it would be near impossible to clean it up around your house.

@@jonathoningles2703 Isn't sand just broken down rock. You can make sand with glass too. I believe that once it breaks down it just turns to dust, but I guess it would still be bad if it got in your lungs or eyes afterwards.

So THATS what it takes to keep the slugs away.

Try lighting does Obsidian Maybe it could create a Portal - That one kid whose addicted to Minecraft

I second that 👍

I’ll see what I can do. However, I was unable to find a decent assortment of copyright free photos of those two types of glass.

During the Fountaining phase of Kilauea volcano, 1984/ 86, with Some fountains reaching 600 meters On windy Days or nights Pelly's hair Was known to be blown As far as South Lone two districts away

South Kona

👍👍👍

More can be found at very recent basaltic eruption sites!

Im thinking more will be found with Iceland's recent and some future eruptions, more definitly will occur, that area has them goes off in close spurts and for a while. Their maybe more such eruptions elsewhere soon too. Keeping an eye out on Hawaii's kilueaha and definitly Loa statuses too.

Wow- that's so clever of you- to make earrings from them! I wonder who else does this? And do they sell them? Amazing... 👍👏👏👏

Of course, the mats shown were post 2018, when it covered the parking lot in 2-4 inches of material. Might have blown elsewhere since then. Just ask / email USGS the best spot to find chunks of Pele’s hair for photography. They can be quite helpful.

@@GeologyHub Ahh, right, I hadn't considered that! Thanks for the tip. I'll have to try that, especially if we get another big eruption. :)

She's also apparently known for being very, VERY easily pissed off. Like, you blink at the woman wrong and she loses her shit. Sounds like my ex, honestly.

Pele pronounced "Pele" ? 🤣you mean pronounced (pay-lay)

They were showing the name in the International Phonetic Alphabet the second time bc it provides an objective pronunciation instead of relying on the readers accent to produce the words in your guide the exact same way you do. (Also pay-lay would be incorrect Hawaiian pronunciation bc the -ay is a diphthong instead of a single solitary vowel sound) Sorry to be obnoxious just that as a linguistics major I found it rude to laugh at someone for using what is literally standard practice

So with this video does that make it that Madame Pele is a blondie

@@SupahTrunks7 THANK YOU. . A voice of true information in an ocean of recreational indignantion !

Although Teide has produced numerous basaltic eruptions, its large caldera has numerous very tall viscous rhyolite lava flows. Those rhyolite flows have some obsidian!

You can level up and unlock weapons such as chalcanthite, +10 poison points

Yes its quite dangerous to touch or inhale. It can also get in your eyes which can be really really bad

I'd imagine that wind and shifting/settling masses of pele's hair would throw out some inhalation hazards. I'd be cautious until proven safe.

Yeah the process is quite similar at least from a thermodynamic perspective. All these kinds of glass are various kinds of amorphous solids which can form whenever a material is effectively flash cooled enough that it is able to solidify before crystallization can happen. This aspect however doesn't really depend on the material properties too much as long as the conditions to achieve flash cooling are met. In terms of shape however material properties are extremely important as the shape depends on the structure of the molecular bonds as well as the remnant surface tension that got frozen into place. This surface tension is thus going to vary depending on the original liquid properties of that material since the molecular arrangement of atoms in an amorphous solid is that of the material's liquid phase prior to getting flash frozen. Incidentally this surface tension is why glass can be quite a bit stronger than its crystalline (mineralized) form but yet the substance shatters catastrophically if this strain is exceeded. Also this technical distinction means that glass by definition does not have a crystalline lattice arrangement and thus by definition glass of any kind even if naturally occurring can never be a mineral. ;) That said if a piece of glass does have a connecting section which did crystalize the crystalline portion will actually drive spontaneous crystallization as the crystal component serves as a seed which allows the surrounding molecules to much more easily settled into the lower energy level crystal phase. As a consequence of amorphous solids always being an excited state they are what is known as thermodynamically metastable and given enough time this means they statistically will always have a nonzero chance to spontaneously settle into their crystalline state. Thus this effectively gives any kind of glass a half life before parts of the glass start to crystalize eventually seeding a radial zone of crystal formation. It is for this reason that obsidian or any other kind of natural glass is almost always Miocene age or younger as most older glass has had enough time to begin to seriously crystalize. That said small glass inclusions can last a surprisingly long time especially if say there were say incompatible elements that got frozen into the glass impeding crystal formation. In this context the oldest known glass inclusion within a volcanic rock dates back to the Ordovician period though from what I've read finding such small inclusions in volcanic rocks older than the cretaceous is extremely rare.

I used to do that w/ Kimble disposable glass pipettes heated over a flame in a lab very long ago but I can't recall which we used them for--sucking up tiny amt's of liquid or dispensing tiny droplets.

When you think you’ve seen it all, there’s always something lovely (dangerous) just around the corner.

Welp, here is the links to his other vids mentioning mt Mayon. Havent had a super most recent update but here are these: ( nine days ago) kzfaq.info/get/bejne/ptaAY8ulpt6peHU.html and (four days ago) kzfaq.info/get/bejne/aMhiaZR9lpOUf58.html

I know - National Geographic always had blurry pictures cause they were using film.

Definitely yes on all of the above. Pretty much any solid particulates cause nasty problems in the lungs and sharp fragments of rock and glass are particularly bad because the immune system can't get rid of them. As for the latter question all kinds of glass are metastable so the right question should be what is the effective half life for them to undergo spontaneous crystallization For obsidian this is on the order of tens of millions of years making intact obsidian older than the Miocene rare. Given that this is a lower silica glass which forms thin strands this should have a much shorter timescale to crystalize.

Its debatable in the case of glass as to be a liquid generally the definition used says that flow has to be demonstrated at some long timescales and this has not been observed in any kind of glass both natural or man made. Thus its typically referred to as an amorphous solid. Note we can't rule out the possibility of glass flowing on timescales beyond 480 million years but even if it does this is far longer than the typical timescale for spontaneous crystallization of obsidian which has an effective half life on the order of tens of millions of years. Thus far glass has never been observed to flow and the geological record for natural glass indicates that if some effective flow rate does exist it must be much longer than the timescale for spontaneous crystallization by over a full order of magnitude. My crude back of envelope calculation says around 24 times longer likely far more as I used a very generous upper limit on the effective half life for crystallization. That is to say if glass does flow it thermodynamically isn't stable enough to last long enough to ever do so.

? Huh where did you get the idea lava is iron poor? Volcanoes are the main source for replenishment of Earth's mineral cycling. Now notably the iron content does vary with more silica rich crystal fractionalized magmas tending to contain far less iron but iron is quite frankly everywhere in the universe for the same reason it causes stars to effectively "die" namely it has the strongest binding energy per nucleon of any atom which can be produced by stellar nucleosynthesis. As for what happens when it does get exposed to air yep it does indeed oxidize which can be a useful means to gauge how old a lava flow is if more precise methods of dating aren't available. Note that it isn't just molecular oxygen which reacts this way however as iron and other metals in volcanic rocks such as calcium manganese react readily with carbon dioxide as well as water which plays an important role in Earth's natural carbon cycle. For example the iron in olivine can react with O2 to form magnetite. Sure Earth's crust is highly depleted in iron compared to is cosmic abundance but that doesn't mean iron is scarce since cosmically Iron is literally everywhere being the 9th most abundant element in the observable Universe and as iron has a strong chemical affinity for oxygen the 3rd most abundant element in the Universe this means that where oxygen exists some iron will too.

@@Dragrath1 Thanks.

Hmm note what you are talking about is a bit different from what this video is focusing on. The minerals you describe form in pegmatites which are an igneous process of turbulent fluid separation and crystallization that occurs in evolved magmatic fluid injections. The reason such features can form there is similar however in that the process occurs extremely quickly on the order of hours to days meaning the minerals that precipitate out never establish local thermodynamic equilibrium states allowing large inclusions of incompatible elements to persist. Its hard to imagine but studies of even huge meter sized pegmatite crystals show that they form on timescales of a few days or less!

Pele's hair forms free in the air, not imprisoned in rock.😊

Most likely to be the mineral Rutile enclosed inside the crystal of Kunzite which is the pink variety of the mineral Spodumene. This is a mineral that forms in pegmatites and is not of volcanic origin.

@@paulcragg1315 thank you for your kind message, I’m new to this side of things but really was interested in how that peles hair evolves over time. Thanks for letting me know. Warmly Alaya.uk.

@@icollectstories5702 thank you, does it stay in the air, or does it disappear after time passes, does it somehow float away, or disintegrate? Thank you in advance.

Nope, but it might be just as bad to breathe.