You must have noticed that the color of engine oils of different brands, types, grades are different from each other. Engine Oils are formulated and marketed as conventional, full synthetic, part synthetic and semi synthetic. What is the difference between synthetic and semi synthetic or semi synthetic and conventional? The difference lies in the type of base oils that are used in the formulation and this is what defines these engine oil categories.
The base oil used in a conventional engine / motor oil is 100% mineral oil which is obtained through the refining of crude oil. Here the crude oil is distilled and cleaned up to produce a high-quality base oil. This is done without substantial molecular changes being made to the hydrocarbons in the base oil during the process.
A synthetic base oil is derived though the creation of new base oil components (synthesis) to produce a stronger performing base fluid.
For a full synthetic engine oil 100% of the base oil composition contains these stronger synthesized base oil components.
For semi-synthetic or part synthetic motor oils (these terms are largely used interchangeably) the base oil composition is a combination of synthetic and conventional base oils.
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