The evolutionary psychological logic of why high heels are attractive is that they approximate an ideal 45% lordosis (curving of the spine) in the lumbar, which signifies a woman’s ability to remain active and healthy through pregnancy, which inherently requires a forward shifting of the center of gravity as you’re displaying here. The research on this also controls for the aesthetics of the shoes themselves, so the effect is not due to cultural or media influence. The main health problem relates to the fact that to achieve this, the feet are put in an unnatural position, as you mention. Bunions seem to be the worst outcome of heels. Others may have musculoskeletal pain, as you also highlight, but the connection between osteoarthritis, for example, has been null. Women also show increased lordosis in the presence of physically attractive men. And for other mammals increased lordosis signifies sexual receptivity. Think about it: a woman curving her back during sex. It’s a standard thing. Here are the studies: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5693914/#!po=39.2308 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5693914/#!po=39.2308