Why is Carbon the Key to Life? (On Earth, Anyway)

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Reactions

Reactions

5 жыл бұрын

One element is the backbone of all forms of life we’ve ever discovered on Earth: carbon. Number six on the periodic table is, to the best of our knowledge, impossible to live without. In this episode of Reactions, discover what makes carbon so exceptional, its nearly infinite capabilities, and potential intergalactic implications.
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Credits:
Producer: Kirk Zameiroski
Writer: Kirk Zameiroski
Scientific Consultants: Nick Hud, PhD
Executive Producer: George Zaidan
Music:
Mako Yama - Cloud Sculpture
Sources:
royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
advances.sciencemag.org/conte...
palereddot.org/biosignature-g...
www.temi.com/editor/t/pYzqYVF...
www.dropbox.com/s/2qb2i0qhgql...
www.scientificamerican.com/ar...
blogs.scientificamerican.com/...
www.newsweek.com/these-exopla...
www.chemistryworld.com/featur...
www.space.com/12665-alien-lif...
www.cfa.harvard.edu/~ejchaiss...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
sputniknews.com/science/20190...
previa.uclm.es/grupo/gao/pub/...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
Ever wonder why dogs sniff each others' butts? Or how Adderall works? Or whether it's OK to pee in the pool? We've got you covered: Reactions a web series about the chemistry that surrounds you every day.
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Пікірлер: 108
@louis_dlb50
@louis_dlb50 Жыл бұрын
bro made the hardest carbon edit from this video 🗿
@raggosaki
@raggosaki Жыл бұрын
💀💀💀
@rogerjohnson2562
@rogerjohnson2562 2 жыл бұрын
Interesting video! Gave me the thought that carbon based life might evolve naturally and ubiquitously and then more stable silicone life could be evolved intelligently.
@farof1289
@farof1289 5 жыл бұрын
Silicon based life = A.I.
@iamlordstarbuilder5595
@iamlordstarbuilder5595 2 жыл бұрын
I don’t think AI would actually count as “alive”, at least not for awhile
@hiimon007
@hiimon007 Жыл бұрын
Researchers are trying to build carbon based computers.
@dayonbledsoe
@dayonbledsoe Жыл бұрын
Facts, they ain’t ready for that talk my man.
@qdhruv1625
@qdhruv1625 Жыл бұрын
Yes boss
@albertmoshuhla8472
@albertmoshuhla8472 10 ай бұрын
I think silicon will be responsible for the next step in evolution.
@jaysonholifield6832
@jaysonholifield6832 Жыл бұрын
First video I found to help me with my question thanks
@kingAlvin-288
@kingAlvin-288 6 ай бұрын
Cool thanks for the info
@AelwynMr
@AelwynMr 5 жыл бұрын
Mollusc shells are made of calcium carbonate, usually as aragonite. There certainly are organisms that use silica, such as diatoms, radiolarians, sponges. But not molluscs!
@jerryalbert3138
@jerryalbert3138 5 жыл бұрын
Those shells are protective skeletal structures, not living parts that can survive alone.
@briannorris
@briannorris 5 жыл бұрын
A most interesting and well made video, very thought provoking. With the advances in AI that are currently being made, would a truly intelligent computer perhaps count as some form of silicon 'Life' ? Perhaps it is the very definition of 'Life' that needs to be revised?
@jerryalbert3138
@jerryalbert3138 5 жыл бұрын
Can a "truly intelligent computer" replicate itself?
@jacobfowler7629
@jacobfowler7629 3 жыл бұрын
anyone got answers? Carbon: The Element of Life Before reading the articles and watching the videos, take a look at the questions below. This will help you be ready to see and hear the key ideas when they come up. Review any readings and videos as needed. *Note the italicized terms as important science vocabulary. Video 1: Carbon: The Element of Life How many protons and how many electrons does a carbon atom have? 6 protons and 6 electrons What is nuclear fusion? Protons and neutrons smash together and fuse Elements 6 through 10 (C, N, O, F, Ne) want how many electrons in their outermost shell? 8 electrons A carbon atom that is bound to four other atoms will take what kind of shape? Why? A linear or flat shape or 3 dimensional with 4 ends What makes carbon-carbon bonds “excellent building blocks”? Graphite and diamond Video 2: Why is Carbon the Key to Life? List the five examples of structures that are based on carbon. Green, furry, small, big, weird Silicon shares a lot of similarities with carbon, including… The video mentions three “setbacks” that limit silicon’s ability to be the building blocks for life. What are these setbacks? When astrochemists measure different wavelengths of light traveling through an exoplanet’s atmosphere, what might they find? If scientists detect a lot of small molecules (like oxygen or methane) floating around in an atmosphere, what might that indicate? Article 1: Significance of Carbon Carbon’s ability to form stable bonds with many elements allows it to do what? List the four major types of carbon-based compounds AND give two examples of each. Embedded video (Article 1) In ancient times, scholars believed that everything in the universe was made up of just four elements. What are those elements? An average-size person has 16 kg of carbon inside of them. How many pounds is that? (you might need to find an online site to make the conversion) THINK Think of ways that carbon atoms can enter our bodies. List as many possibilities as you can.
@cyrus4379
@cyrus4379 3 жыл бұрын
bruh why didn't you just google them..
@ceraphyte647
@ceraphyte647 5 жыл бұрын
Very good
@TazPessle
@TazPessle 5 жыл бұрын
I wonder if its more probable to have a carbon-nitrogen system where nitrogen is more central to structures. It has one less valence but can form +5 oxidation states giving it flexibility where it loses out to carbon in other places. It would look similar in many ways to life on earth, just with more heterocyclic units and aliphatics with nitrogens substituted in. And it seems nitrogen has been suggested, but who knows. Maybe whatever life is found uses C,N,Si as main components of macromolecules but in different ratios. Maybe the difference could also lie in how much halogen/calcogen/phosphorous substitution there is too.
@gggame725
@gggame725 Жыл бұрын
Silicone would be more resistant to extreme temperatures 😛
@Cakeandbuns662
@Cakeandbuns662 6 ай бұрын
Your smart
@alexixeno4223
@alexixeno4223 5 жыл бұрын
I appreciate to no end how you state how much is theory
@Max-sn8qy
@Max-sn8qy 4 жыл бұрын
wrong
@____yeojinnie
@____yeojinnie 3 жыл бұрын
@@Max-sn8qy wait what
@Nightyknight42
@Nightyknight42 5 жыл бұрын
but the hydrogen bonding of water is needed for life. Methane and Ethane lack the hydrogen bonding capability that water has, and oxygen is generally necessary for many of the processes of life. alcohol could be possible but methanol and ethanol would be extremely unlikely replacements for water in extraterrestrial life.
@cccircuit8296
@cccircuit8296 5 жыл бұрын
I see what you did with the moon @<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="218">3:38</a> and I approve.
@Max-sn8qy
@Max-sn8qy 4 жыл бұрын
wrong
@chemprofdave
@chemprofdave 5 жыл бұрын
If any non-aqueous biology is found, my money is on ammonia as the primary solvent instead of hydrocarbons. The H-bonding, polarity, and proton exchange make it a more likely candidate. Also, ammonia is a pretty common substance. And high atmospheric pressures might allow ammonia to remain liquid at temperatures warm enough for the kinetics of life to be feasible.
@Max-sn8qy
@Max-sn8qy 4 жыл бұрын
wrong
@a.k2767
@a.k2767 4 жыл бұрын
If we take some amount of carbon and hydrogen how can you determine the type of compound formed by it .
@yecto1332
@yecto1332 3 жыл бұрын
That’s why u need to study science bro And such work are taken care off by scientist by different chemical analysis You can do it urself but u need to study bro you can learn from internet also or if it’s hard to understand join school where teacher wil teach u
@samadhistate9637
@samadhistate9637 Жыл бұрын
Religion is but a desperate attempt to find an escape from the truly dreadful situation in which we find ourselves. Yet it's so extraordinary how finely tuned the universe has to be for life to exist. Like the way carbon is made and why there's so much of it.
@brandieboyd2312
@brandieboyd2312 Жыл бұрын
Beautiful
@oscargarcia-miranda9426
@oscargarcia-miranda9426 5 жыл бұрын
Could there be a planet with both Si and C as the buildingblocks for life?
@ACSReactions
@ACSReactions 5 жыл бұрын
Sign me up for that crazy planet!
@jerryalbert3138
@jerryalbert3138 5 жыл бұрын
Most likely not.
@iamlordstarbuilder5595
@iamlordstarbuilder5595 2 жыл бұрын
Ehhh too complicated. Proto-life would be way simpler than that.
@ginnyjollykidd
@ginnyjollykidd 5 жыл бұрын
Maybe a different environment would allow Silicon to be more stable? Maybe Silicon bonds are more stable at lower temperatures? Maybe such life makes unique catalysts and/or enzymes to lower activation energy to allow metabolism to occur within Silicon life, even as carbon - based life uses enzymes and step - down energy use from high - energy reactants. (Ex. ATP-> ADP-> AMP)
@nyanpraterjr1819
@nyanpraterjr1819 3 жыл бұрын
Great video. Stunning attention to detail and insights. This whole idea that life as a concept is defined by replication, binary or only multiple fission from a field (hive) perspective is self-limited ... in my humble opinion. Thanks for making this video and sharing. Excellent choice of words as to why carbon is more closely associated with self-replication.
@GlynyrdSkynyrd
@GlynyrdSkynyrd Жыл бұрын
I just need to know if that was a prometheus class ship from Stargate going to earth
@RobertSelig
@RobertSelig 3 жыл бұрын
Carbon the Harlot of the elements, good video thankyou!!!
@franciscamoena6666
@franciscamoena6666 5 жыл бұрын
hey reactions team. I've got a question: how come, when something is air-tight sealed, there can still come odour out of it? For example when this happens with smell-trained police dogs. Thanks, great video btw!
@Max-sn8qy
@Max-sn8qy 4 жыл бұрын
wrong
@Majorohminus
@Majorohminus 3 жыл бұрын
There is usually a small amount of particles that is on the outside when packaging the material. Some of the material is airborne even if you are very careful when bagging it and will still linger on and around the drugs.
@dragonskunkstudio7582
@dragonskunkstudio7582 5 жыл бұрын
Please make a video about how you display molecules and chains. Or is this show just for the chemists?
@ACSReactions
@ACSReactions 5 жыл бұрын
Great idea.
@Max-sn8qy
@Max-sn8qy 4 жыл бұрын
wrong
@uzumaki81.
@uzumaki81. Жыл бұрын
Here from that carbon edit
@georgemarsilio5122
@georgemarsilio5122 5 жыл бұрын
Star trek covered this topic in the 60s on an episode it was interesting then too
@joemmac
@joemmac 5 жыл бұрын
That would be the Horta from "Devil in the Dark".
@Max-sn8qy
@Max-sn8qy 4 жыл бұрын
wrong
@Max-sn8qy
@Max-sn8qy 4 жыл бұрын
@@joemmac wrong
@dangoudreau7366
@dangoudreau7366 3 жыл бұрын
@@joemmac PAINNNNNNNNNN!
@dm_nimbus
@dm_nimbus 5 жыл бұрын
How does ammonia or methane compare with water as a solvent (particularly in biological systems)?
@AelwynMr
@AelwynMr 5 жыл бұрын
Ammonia is an alkaline gas that boils at -33 °C, methane boils at -151 °C. So... poorly? I guess? There is little energy around at that sort of temperature.
@jerryalbert3138
@jerryalbert3138 5 жыл бұрын
Both have to be chilled below their boiling points. Ammonia is a possible polar solvent, but methane fails and can only be a solvent for other hydrocarbons.
@shamdeshmukh2536
@shamdeshmukh2536 2 жыл бұрын
Imagining metal based lifeforms be like imaging Transformers 😄😁
@afellowearthling_
@afellowearthling_ 2 жыл бұрын
ok that'd be the sickest thing ever
@brandieboyd2312
@brandieboyd2312 Жыл бұрын
😅
@dangoudreau7366
@dangoudreau7366 3 жыл бұрын
Star Trek TOS tackled Silicon Based Life. "PAINNNNNNNNN".
@Jermet
@Jermet Жыл бұрын
Wassup fellow high school students
@silentbranch
@silentbranch 2 жыл бұрын
Here before this gets deleted from the internet
@Josephus_vanDenElzen
@Josephus_vanDenElzen 10 ай бұрын
<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="139">2:19</a> when oxidized
@JBantha
@JBantha 5 жыл бұрын
No matter how green, how furry, how big, or how weird, you can't stop is now.... We're the renegades of the carbonic(?) age
@pseudomemes5267
@pseudomemes5267 5 жыл бұрын
Carboniferous Period?
@dangoudreau7366
@dangoudreau7366 3 жыл бұрын
Renegades of the Carbonic Age sounds like it would have been the greatest Blue Oyster Cult album of them all. Too bad you only came up with it now! Maybe a future Rock Band can steal that from you.
@hareth3911
@hareth3911 11 ай бұрын
The silicon based life is infront of us , it’s the devices
@C_Bat
@C_Bat 5 жыл бұрын
Life attacc Life Protecc but most importantly life is just SiCCCCCCCC
@aaronjennings8385
@aaronjennings8385 Жыл бұрын
Silicon based consciousness: A.I. Carbon Diamond based consciousness: I. Our should I say, Human intelligence?
@F2daolk
@F2daolk 10 ай бұрын
Carbon/melanin ❤
@kingAlvin-288
@kingAlvin-288 6 ай бұрын
😊
@matthewedson6639
@matthewedson6639 Жыл бұрын
Anyone here for Persona 6? 😅 Carbon can form bonds, damn thats clever😂
@markaurelius61
@markaurelius61 Жыл бұрын
So, a silicon based life-form, presumably using oxygen, would produce sand rather than CO2 as a waste product.
@vovasensei
@vovasensei Жыл бұрын
Silicone based background music
@shinchanthebest
@shinchanthebest 5 жыл бұрын
UPLOADED 13 MINUTES AGO AND NOTIFICATION SQUADD AND 15 LIKER!!! EDIT- 5 COMMENTEE
@justbplz
@justbplz Жыл бұрын
Sounds like silicon based life could exist but the planet wouldn't be covered in oxygen... I gotta do some more research, what chemical has similar effect on silicon as oxygen does on carbon? Shouldn't be that hard to figure out... if anyone knows feel free to drop some knowledge on me lol
@dsangeeth15
@dsangeeth15 3 жыл бұрын
Can I translate this video in my language
@azhagPL
@azhagPL 5 жыл бұрын
What is this "weird" creature?
@cyrus4379
@cyrus4379 3 жыл бұрын
i think its an angler fish
@Infernoraptor
@Infernoraptor 5 жыл бұрын
<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="24">00:24</a> DNA isn't basically infinite It's acidically infinite
@Max-sn8qy
@Max-sn8qy 4 жыл бұрын
wrong
@jerryalbert3138
@jerryalbert3138 5 жыл бұрын
NO Way! Carbon and Oxygen (as water) are essential to life! Silicon is the basis of rocks! "Reactions" is ABSOLUTELY CORRECT!
@brandieboyd2312
@brandieboyd2312 Жыл бұрын
Nice!!
@kingAlvin-288
@kingAlvin-288 6 ай бұрын
😊😊😊
@diarminator
@diarminator 5 жыл бұрын
hey why do coke floats work
@jerryalbert3138
@jerryalbert3138 5 жыл бұрын
Ice cream is less dense than the water constituting coke.
@diarminator
@diarminator 5 жыл бұрын
@@jerryalbert3138 but what about the bubbles, the taste and of course the slightly harder lair of icecream
@____yeojinnie
@____yeojinnie 3 жыл бұрын
@@diarminator i don't like coke floats ;-; imo their individual tastes don't match,,,,
@Croc21000
@Croc21000 11 ай бұрын
Silicon-based lifeform = Kim Kardashian
@firethorn9134
@firethorn9134 11 ай бұрын
I'm sorry, I will help before I go.
@MaxMcAdams
@MaxMcAdams 5 жыл бұрын
heck me up
@Max-sn8qy
@Max-sn8qy 4 жыл бұрын
wrong
@nishatahmed7781
@nishatahmed7781 2 жыл бұрын
Could you please re-do this excellent video without using words that are inappropriate for children? particularly the word promiscuous? Seriously? What child needs to hear that?
@oxfordcommaisthegreatest
@oxfordcommaisthegreatest 4 жыл бұрын
Promiscuous, huh?
@dansonpopeswell9808
@dansonpopeswell9808 5 ай бұрын
dude, coal is NOT pure carbon
@abdirisakmussevids
@abdirisakmussevids 5 жыл бұрын
First
@Max-sn8qy
@Max-sn8qy 4 жыл бұрын
wrong
@rickyjones8490
@rickyjones8490 Жыл бұрын
You can turn anything to anything you want
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