When assessing a motion like thoracolumbar rotation that involves multiple joints and soft tissue structures we don't document end feel. If motion is limited, then a further assessment of the mobility of individual spinal segments may identify a particular segment or segments that have abnormal mobility with a specific end feel. We hope that is helpful and thanks for watching our videos.

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There are no normative values for this method of measuring lumbar extension. There are normal values using other methods including goniometry and inclinometers. If you choose this method you would be using your measurement to document changes for a specific patient, but would be unable to compare this patient to others. We hope that is helpful and thanks for watching.

It is impossible to provide any specific guidance without a full evaluation, so we would recommend finding a local PT that has experience treating feet. In general terms it is common if you have a high arch to also have some involvement of the big toe, usually the big toe is not the cause of the arch problem. Good luck.

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Thanks for watching and for the constructive feedback, perhaps we can add a video specific to reading the goniometer dial.

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As a general principle you perform manual muscle testing to identify muscle groups that are impaired. That information must then be used in the context of the overall status of the person and their injury/illness to identify a level of exercise that is appropriate. The manual test results should not be the only factor considered when choosing the proper exercise. Once all information has been gathered then appropriate exercises are identified. We hope that is helpful and thanks for watching our videos.

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Sorry to hear about your health challenges. We would recommend finding a licensed and qualified physical therapist near you and make an appointment for assistance with your gait and recovery.

One of the principles of all manual muscle testing requires that the physical therapist watches the person for any substitutions during testing and corrects it. Eliminating compensatory movements helps to ensure the manual muscle testing is as accurate as possible. Thanks for watching.

That is not a documented use for Ultrasound.

This technique can be helpful to loosen congestion, which then must be expelled with a cough. We hope that answers your question. Thanks for watching our videos.

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Grade 2 would be only moving through part of the range of motion instead of moving through full range of motion. If the ankle only moved half-way, it would be a grade 2. We hope that is helpful and thank you for watching our videos.

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Thanks for watching and we agree that patient safety and comfort is a priority. Based on the reference text used for goniometry, their protocol is to check passive range of motion prior to measuring active. Different resources may choose to follow different protocols.

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Thank you for the kind words and for supporting our channel. Your observation would be correct. At midstance the hip is transitioning from internal rotation to lateral rotation as the opposite side of the pelvis moves past neutral and backwards. As the foot approaches midstance it transitions to a pronated position to unlock and adapt to the ground. As we near terminal stance the foot returns to a supinated position to create a rigid lever to propel with.

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Thank you for your questions. We provide the videos for educational purposes, however it is not possible to comment on any specific treatment protocol because each individual person has different circumstances that would affect any clinical decisions.

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It is common in a clinical situation to assess range of motion before strength. So as a general rule we have already observed if a patient can move through full active range of motion which would mean at least a 3/5. So it is appropriate to move on to grades 4 and 5 testing. For the purposes of the video, we demonstrated only the actual muscle test starting at grade 5 and working backwards, not necessarily how things would proceed during an actual patient evaluation. We hope that is helpful and thank you for watching.

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As with any physical therapy procedure, there is a constant assessment as to the effectiveness of treatment. In general if the patient hasn't responded within 3-4 treatments it is probably time to re-assess and consider other alternatives.

There are no general rules that apply to a broad group of patients. The clinical goal for treating a particular diagnosis should be established and then you identify if US or electrotherapy can help the patient achieve that goal.

A thorough patient interview and objective evaluation for the cardinal signs of inflammation should help guide you.

The early stages of adhesive capsulitis are associated with some acute inflammation, but the frozen and thawing stages generally do not.

Generally you don't use thermal and pulsed ultrasound during the same treatment. As far as acute inflammation, you would want to identify certain parameters consistent with acute inflammation such as pain, redness, heat, swelling and loss of function. In the case of an injury that just occurred there will always be an initial period of acute inflammation. With osteoarthritis, it could be either acute or chronic. That is when you use your clinical judgement and patient history to determine which one is more likely.

@@physicaltherapyeducationso4585 which mode ultrasound do you use when you have chronic knee osteoarthritis? How many sessions do you do?

There are different electrotherapy protocols depending on what your clinical goal is. Some are for pain control, some for edema and some for neuromuscular reeducation. Which you choose will vary quite a bit based on the specifics of particular person and diagnosis. Generally acute inflammation is not necessarily a contraindication for certain electrotherapy protocols. We hope that is helpful.

@@physicaltherapyeducationso4585 Thanks. which tissue damage do we get if we apply more current? Which diseases can we treat by making tissue healing using electrotherapy? does electrotherapy has side effect of edema? can we apply electrotherapy for pain management or as you said for healing on partial or full thickness tendon tears? can we apply electrotherapy on damaged or torn knee meniscus? can the electrotherapy itself cause tendon /meniscus /ligament tears? Thanks

Glad it was helpful.

Our main KZfaq page has the list of all the videos in our library. Thanks for supporting our channel.

Thermal ultrasound is contraindicated with acute inflammation because increased temperatures will lead to a greater inflammatory response which in turn leads to more swelling and pain. Therefore we only do non-thermal ultrasound in acute situations. We hope that is helpful.

@@physicaltherapyeducationso4585 Thanks a lot. But all other modalities like electrotherapy, laser therapy, magnetic therapy, shock wave, ect they also basically increase the blood circulation, so why they are not contraindicated in acute inflamation?

@@physicaltherapyeducationso4585 How to know if the knee osteoarthritis pain is considered acute inflammation or not? Or if we have back pain due to spinal disc herniation, how to know wheter it is acute inflamation? In cervical spondylosis neck pain, how to know if there is acute inflamation?

We are glad you found it helpful, thanks for watching.

Comprehensive Wound Management by Glenn L. Irion. Published by Slack Incorporated. Thanks for supporting our channel and we hope that is helpful.