In a way it is a relay, its just sharing the coil and part of the contact with the speaker.

If you keep it in a well sealed container the activator is stable for years. When the activator goes bad it also changes color becoming transparent, so it's easy to know if it's still good.

At high temperatures lithium may react with the glass though, not sure.

Can you share it please?

Post a link to your procedure? I'm curious.

I'm not sure. The dark color could be a fine suspension of metallic palladium but I did not investigate.

Be careful if you try to replicate this, you need to have some chemistry experience and a fumehood

Turned out the main issue was the excessive resistance of my alligator clips resulting in the two copper electrodes having appreciably different potential and trying to electroplate between them.

Graphite spray ,scrap and Sand,electrocopper,Holes are metalised...tyour laser Paint système I use too,but m'y lasers ends After a total of some hours of engraving...and i dont know why....maybe IS thé common supply of the laser with Steppers 12 v...some surges maybe during motions

There is no substitute that I know of for this process, but search on youtube for other processes. Some had success spraying conductive carbon paint and then electroplating onto that.

@@hydrogentime2872 I pulled the trigger and bought everything for this process. (Except the PdCl2, of course). I'm trying to find another supplier for it, fingers crossed. I'll post results when I actually get to do it on a real job.

The solvent is xylene. It is also written in the initial safety notice.

You can in theory use only electroless, but it is slow to build up the desired copper thickness, and you need to fine tune the process for the surface finish to withstand the etching. Only electrolytic does not work as copper only plates to already conductive surfaces, and the holes are not conductive initially.

Will try next time it happens

Open circuit it overflows my oscilloscope, and the frequency is too high for a multimeter. I need a 100x probe...

The phenomenon is called plasma striations or plasma stratification. It's quite complex. When we are in a DC discharge, a bright anode column is formed at a certain pressure spaced out by a dark area. At lower pressure ranges, the positive column is composed of striations, or ionization waves, caused by the electrons finally having enough energy to ionize the gas, then losing the energy by ionizing it, then reaccelerating back to high enough to repeat. This causes a series of barrages of photons being released in waves, seen as striations in the plasma. In AC the anodic column moves continuously and makes the phenomenon even more complex and susceptible to other stimuli such as capacitive coupling, any resonances between the frequency and the ionized gas, etc.

Also known as 'Faraday or Crookes' Dark Space and is as you say, very complex.@@AlbertoMelappioni

Learned something new. Thanks.

Never tried this reaction. Assuming it does indeed make ZnS, you'll need to filter and dry the ZnS, and then proceed as in my video adding the desired dopant such as CuSO4 and fire it in a quartz tube furnace for it to glow.

All other types of glass, including borosilicate, will melt way before the desired temperature is reached.

The Triron-X100 could probably be replaced by another surfactant if you can't find it, but some experimentation may be required. Formaldehyde is very hard to replace, there are alternatives which are known to reduce copper salts to the metal in a controlled way but are just as toxic. If you have no chemical experience I suggest to either wait for someone to develop a safer process (NurdRage was trying for example), or to learn chemistry one step at a time before messing with formaldehyde. And build a fumehood.

I'm not sure it's the exact composition. There are many green emitting phosphors.

Interesting suggestions, I did not test the vias to failure with current, but I made a few boards since I shared the process and all of them are still working fine. My smallest vias are 0.5mm. I'd be interested if you shared (maybe in a video?) your NaBH4 activation process, I don't have that chemical in my lab, but if it turns out to be useful I may try to get some.

Chapter 5 of the book Inorganic Phosphors lists some methods. You can find the book in this thread www.sciencemadness.org/whisper/viewthread.php?tid=142184&page=2

@@hydrogentime2872 Thank you !

@@hydrogentime2872 sir thank you so much for making this love you so much plz one question Sir i made zinc sulphide with NA2S+ZNSO4= NASO4+ZNS CAN I USE IT TO MAKE GLOWING POWDER PLZ TELL SIR

@@Pubgfiregamingop assuming you made zinc sulfide, yes, you can make glow powder if you follow the process described in the video. You will need to add a tiny amount of copper sulfate and ammonium chloride, and heat the powder in a furnace.

I'm not sure traditional copper etchants can etch nickel too, if they don't you'll have problems at the final etch stage. I know nickel plating is used after copper plating when PCB gold plating is needed, as gold plating directly over copper is troublesome, but I think this is done after etching? Not sure, if I ever try gold plating I'll give more thoughts to the application of nickel chemistry to PCB manufacturing and maybe make a video. No plans yet, though.

No problem!

I am learning (simple) glassblowing for another project so it may be a good idea, but it won't happen soon, as I currently lack the high vacuum equipment needed for making a CRT.

The series is currently on hold as I failed to make a red phosphorescent material, and then moved to doing other stuff. Would like to get back to it someday, though.