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1. Introduction of Acute and Chronic Inflammation
Acute and chronic inflammation are fundamental responses of the immune system to tissue injury, infection, or other insults. Acute inflammation is characterized by rapid onset and short duration, typically lasting hours to a few days. It involves the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of injury or infection, followed by activation of other immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages. Acute inflammation aims to eliminate the injurious agent and initiate tissue repair. In contrast, chronic inflammation persists for weeks, months, or even years. It involves a prolonged immune response characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages into the affected tissue. Chronic inflammation can result from unresolved acute inflammation, persistent infections, autoimmune disorders, or exposure to irritants. Unlike acute inflammation, chronic inflammation often leads to tissue damage and fibrosis, contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Understanding the differences between acute and chronic inflammation is essential for diagnosing and managing inflammatory conditions effectively.
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