What did you think about my new endroll for Patreon members? I think it definitely looks better than the old static text. If you want to be on the spaceship or twinkle as a star (while supporting the channel!), join my Patreon here: www.patreon.com/astrumspace Thanks Alex

I'm not a physicist, but the idea that the 'big bang' is the outflow of a black hole has been stuck in my head for years. The idea of matter/energy conversion taking place inside an event horizon; Hawking Radiation being an equivalent to gasses being expelled from the barrel of a gun (particles get sucked in, waste particles grt ejected; Honestly, I have never heard of cone theory but it makes perfect sense to me, and manages to put actual science terminology, and proven equations, to my wild spacetime theories.

The one thing that's always been left out of discussions of white holes-until now-has been any theory of how they might be created. Something we do have for black holes. That always made them seem less connected to reality for me. So thank you for including a proposed mechanism by which they might come into existence.

The best way you can learn EN is watching things that you really like. Thank you very much!

Not the kind of holes video I was planning on watching before bed, but I'm here for it

Fantastic video as always, thank you ❤ Also, thank you for not burying the ad read in the middle, I don’t mind them, but having them as a trailer to the video is always preferable.

Just finished The White Holes by Carlo Rovelli a week ago and now watched this awesome video which expanded on the topic even more and made some things clearer for me! Thank you for making such a great content, been watching Astrum for many years now and subscribed to Patreon today😄

I like to think of our present Universe as the remnants of a White Hole. Going from nothing to an expansive mass of space time and particles, from deep in our past, that we can never go back to nor find the center of, fits the bill nicely.

My white whole exploded for a week after my trip to Mexico

Best explanation of Penrose Diagram I've ever heard! Thank you, kind sir!

As someone who spends a good amount of the day exploring possibilities inside his ADHD brain, I screamed with joy at the end of the video when you spoke about the possibility that our universe might have begun from within a collapsing black hole. To me, the similarities between what existed before the big bang and what resides inside a black hole are so strikingly significant that I can't help but think they are the same thing.

i've been watching your videos for a while, but it was THIS video that convinced me to subscribe

This is amazing… do more videos like this!!

Yes make that video please, I can’t wait to watch it already. 😊

Beautifully done Alex! So glad I sat through the math which you kept accessible. Wormholes and white holes and parallel universes oh my! Yes, more please!

That was a fascinating topic/theory. I'd love to hear more.

*_White Hole - Spewing Time - Engines Dead - Oxygen Supply Low_*

So what is it?

please more of this!

Really, really amazing stuff. I had to focus intently on not letting my brain break! Amazing presentation.

Thank you for covering this. I remembered studying it and read that it was first theorized In 1964 and as a young 90s baby and growing up. By 2008 I was obsessed with the concept of having a black hole consume everything and asked myself "there has to be a place it's discharging or renewing/transferring the energy" and that's when I stumbled upon white holes and have been obsessed ever since lol now mid 30s still have a strong believe these white holes and black holes connect with each other and if possible of some type of quantum defragmenting we could send a prototype through it and hopefully it would reconstruct, if the laws permit. Love the channel! Always appreciate the work you put in. 🙏💪

This dude has the best amicable difference of opinion arguments I've ever seen Kudos

OHMYGOD more of this yes please!

Perhaps white holes are simply the dark matter of other universes. The inverse of the inexorable collapse of the black hole becomes the inexorable expansion of the other. Becoming an infinite string of recursive collapse and expansion...

If only traffic cones could become more difficult to produce and are phased out. I swear they are taking over in my location of space-time

YES YES YES PLEASE do a video about the big bounce or big contraction!! I’m obsessed with watching videos that touch on that theory!! Maybe you’ve already done it since I’m 3 weeks behind in content, but that’s how excited I’ll be whenever I see you’ve made it!! I just listened to an hour and 20 minute lecture from Cambridge University Astronomy’s KZfaq channel called “Echoes of the Big Bang - Probing the beginnings of the cosmos” or something very similar. It was absolutely fascinating, though, I admit a bit went over my head. But that’s ok, I think I’m absorbing 85% of the content of that talk. I don’t have my HS diploma. I’m AuDHD as they call it, or, I have Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD. I am a late diagnosed female(just a couple of months ago at 44) and I fell through the cracks in school, and through the healthcare system(though protocols were *much* different when I was a kid), so I made it to half way through junior year because of the anxiety that went with it. I don’t have any self confidence, though I’ve been told I have a high IQ. I’m scared to take the GED test and get my HS equivalency. I’ve built it up to be this huge thing. It’s gotten in the way to progress for me. Is 85% good, or would I understand more if I had finished the last two semesters of HS? I often think about what it would be like to go to college and get some kind of space science degree. I’m good at math. I adore science. Anyway, I love hearing anyone talk about cyclical universe theory/the big contraction/loop quantum theory/the big bounce!! Do eeeeet! 😁😂

i love you astrum and i love all your videos, they make me see the world so differently

As fascinating and beautifully presented as always. PLEASE do give us the follow up to this video. I need to watch this one again, stopping to internalise each piece of new information or new idea. There are some really mind-expanding ideas that can be generated.

I would totally be interested in the future video mentioned at the end

Alex, let me just tell you that your contribution to bringing science to the masses is of such great importance. Thank you for all you do

More Please!

Keep 'em coming Astrum!!! Great stuff, as always!! Fascinating, thought-provoking videos!!!!

I love this channel and others like it so much. I really love astronomy, but I cannot have it as a career due to a learning disability. Channels like this help me learn about astronomy in a way I can understand, which I greatly appreciate!

What an incredible video and incredible theories

"The Builders of Roads" used a network of black holes to travel the universe. At least in the Perryverse. Nice to see decades old sci-fi see a revival.

I was told there'd be no math. 😄 This is so far over my head, I am unable to express my ignorance of the subject. I bow to the people who can hold an intelligent discourse of the subject matter. 😵‍💫

This video is wonderful! Please do another video continuing with this concept of black holes creating white holes that create universes!😊

Oh YES! More about the big bounce/white hole idea, it sounds like such a relief from all the black hole destruction and universe expansion death ideas.

White holes are big bangs

Yes, more, please!

Imagine the universe like a sea of foam bubbles, infinitely popping and creating new universes and spacetimes

Cat: So what is it?!

Commenting before I watch the whole video; if white holes are the opposite of black holes, which possess crushing levels of gravity, would a white hole be the opposite, areas of antigravity, or places where space actively pushes or repulses matter and light?

Well done. Compelling stuff! do The BIG Bounce.

Beautiful ending to a beautiful video. ❤

What if the big bang was a white hole

I wonder what other holes there are on the chromatic spectrum. The quest to find the elusive brown holes continues!

Very well done presentation! That was pretty profound. The diagram you showed is known as the infinite knot. And surprisingly this symbol has been used as far back as the 14th century! They seemed to know of the multiverse even then and used the infinite knot symbol as the representation of it.

Yes, please, a video about the big bounce would be great.

These concepts not only fill me with awe and wonder but also extreme existential terror

(Cat) So what is it?

I would absolutely love to hear about the big bounce theory!! Thats so cool, omg

I don’t know why but the idea of the white holes excites me to my core! And the fact that Big Bang could’ve potentially been a white hole just gives me chills. This video is everything i ever needed so now i can show my friends why this topic has so much of my interest😁 Would love to see more!

I liked the other guys comment, as well as my own.

Just so I can dumb it down for myself... there are only THREE things we can see from a black hole are: The singularity; the event horizon; and our perspective, BUT the fourth phase could be a parallel universe?

Well, Alex covered the Kerr-Penrose curfuffle very eloquently. Nice graphic to boot.👌 I wonder if the quasar SS 433’s particle acceleration so many light years away from it could possibly be quantum entangled in any way or if it is just the particles from its partner Star. Just curious.

This video made me think of that Tim & Eric sketch about The Universe, with all the diagrams and cones

In my religion, we live in a white hole. And every black hole is a white hole, just seen from different angles. But we'll never find white holes, because we're on the wrong side to see it. We only see black holes. My religion is inspired in Black Hole Cosmology, and since it's mine, I believe in whatever I want.

I liked my own comment

This is a fascinating subject, well presented and beautifully explained, as usual. It's highly likely that the physics us mere humans have concocted, in the very short time we've existed, to explain what we see around us is entirely wrong. And it's also likely that the parts we have correct are dismally incomplete. But that's what's so exciting about it all...since nobody can profess to know the answer to anything, there's always space for conjecture. And, in that, our understanding can evolve, much as we ourselves have evolved. Keep it up Alex - you are doing a sterling job indeed 👍

facinating indeed

2:53. never in my 30 years have i seen this animation. its amazing. thats where the spin comes from?

Yes, more, please.

The sponsored portion has a lower sound volume than the rest of the video, I like that, the video was great

Of course we want to hear more.

Bouncy bouncy? YES PLEASE That was a wild ride Alex. Ta muchly, beer's in the fridge

glad you did a vid on this. me and a friend wrote a paper on this subject a few years ago and its neat to see this idea getting around The paper focused more on the nature of the black holes interiors and logically refuted that relativity and conservation of energy would still exist within the event horizon. but what was really interesting was that the idea was later tested in a simulation. and it was found that relativity could work with a theoretical threshold. if the threshold was reached. it would reset. creating a pocket of spacetime that would expand faster then the speed of light so nothing can reach the edge. relative expansion and contraction of space occurs naturally with time dilation, what we see as the size of the black hole means nothing to how big the interior can be. the most interesting thing about this was the interior of this simulated black hole, ended up looking alot like what we thought the universe would look like at the big bang, where time bearly existed and thousand of lightyears of volume were created in what to us looked like a 10th of a second. which leads to a interesting and scary idea. what if our big bang was just another universes black hole, and were still in it.

this is so perfect to watch for advanced space docu watchers like me xD i love these real ideas so much to daydream about.

allways fun to watch

As a photographer there's a time principal that any object can become "washed out" over too much time. If a black hole was observed over the duration of its existence, the collective Hawking radiation could technically be considered a white hole... when viewed along the "T" axis it would be a continuous emission of information until it is exhausted.

I believe a contracting/expanding universe is a very valid hypothesis and would love to see more on that subject as well as more depth regarding loop quantum gravity. thanks.

Good one.

Thanks! This was very enjoyable

I hope they are possible to be made by people so we can maybe go to other universes like parallel or stuff like an alternative without time traveling infinitely forward if that could happen or for FTL travel, etc

Space is something else! 👍🏻

Yes I would like to hear more about the Big Bounce!! 😁

This is the key along with light having non zero mass that will lead to a unified theory of everything. It will also explain 'spooky action at a distance '.

Gotta feel good knowing you inspired a 15m+ YT channel to expound on this idea with actual animations of what it would look like for the observer to fall into a spinning black hole 🤘🏻

My favorite subject. Thank you, Sir.

The very first time I ever heard the term "wormhole" was in 1979 from the scene in the first "Star Trek" film. It was a unknown and scary concept to me which I didn't comprehend. The first time I heard the term "Black Hole" was in the mid to late 1970's from the "Space: 199 episode, "Black Sun" (my favorite of the series along with the episode where aliens give the moon a temporary Earth-like atmosphere).

This is a concept that really interests me. For years I've thought about the idea that our universe could be the rememnants of a dead blackhole, or at least a blackhole that has lost enough mass through hawking radiation, that it can no longer sustain itself, releasing all of that potential energy and condensed matter in a a sort of a big bang. To take it a step further, blackholes could be universes in the making and that could explain the nature of parallel universes. It doesn't necessarily mean that a universe would be born within a universe from a white, due to the fact that the curvature of spacetime is so intense inside a black hole, that it could very well be flung into whatever fabric lays outside of our universe. Considering the time dilation, the creation of a new universe's coordinates could even be a point in time in the very far distant future. Awesome video, love this channel.

Mind blowing 🤯

I KNEW there was a reason why OREO’s were so good. My mouth is the Event Horizon & my belly…the singularity

why is there 8 distinct regions of spacetime for a spinning black hole? you kind of just say that there is but I don't understand why. Can anyone help explain?

Please follow up with a deeper dive on the singularity... I always thought it was the same as the event horizon, now I'm confused

Great to see this finally talked about. Back in the early 2000s, Big Bang seemed like an odd place to claim the beginning. A more convenient explanation would involve a theory of elements/matter, and its origin and dispersal through a quantum foam of parallel universes. As areas of high pressure can breach into a lower pressure, this would naturally occur as mass came together through gravity and collapsed into a singularity. In one universe, an area of high pressure would be the blackhole, in the nearby (low pressure) universe, an area of dense material where stars form would be the inverse of this cone. If the conditions in these universes had led to different elements forming, then the earliest interactions with black and white holes would have involved basic elements. But as more volitale reactive elements get into the mix, perhaps backflow to previous universe becomes possible. If such an origin were possible, the big bang would be way, way down the line of mixed elements.

I figure the Pauli exclusion principal would prevent the singularity being a point. It's still small, but not zero.

Somehow I always thought that the big bang was a white hole connected to a black hole in a parallel universe. Sounds good to know that my hunch may actually be a real thing. Black holes, wormholes and white holes were dramatized at the end of the movie Interstellar. Cooper travels through the inner horizon and escapes through a white hole although thats not explicitly stated in the movie. I never bought it but still it's kinda cool !!

...Time to make a game about falling into a spinning black hole, and then entering the ring of universe travel!

the music at around 6.00 reminds me of the track by Vapourspace - Gravitational Arch Of Ten (1993)

i remember a video from action lab showing how a white hole would act. Kinda explains why spacetime is expanding at an accelerated rate, doesn't it?

That one path described @11:30 reminds me a little of the 1979 movie "The Black Hole"

I've long thought that the general cycle was pure energy in singularity, bang, entropy increases until only pure cold matter exists, at which point there will be nothing to counter gravity, it will all want to congeal, the big collapse begins, compressing it all again to the point the energy soup reforms into another singularity, and we do it all over again. This lines up great with that.

The first time I saw a white hole exploding I was in my teens. Time slowed down for me at that moment. Gravity seemed heavier just after. For sure it was an event horizon.

Bro just explained rick and morty in 18 minutes

The diagram didn't help my brain comprehend it even a little 😂

These videos help my outerwilds play through xD

Please do the video on the cosmic Bounce

Yes, keep going. Been surmising this in a conversation with a friend.

A very interesting book about this subject matter is "Black holes, the key to understanding the universe" by Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw. Just throwing it out there for people who are interested