Hi everyone, Alex here, I just wanted to say thank you to everyone who joined Patreon. Your membership is what allows me to keep Astrum what it is, and not what the algorithm looks for. bit.ly/4anEb5u

youre right, physics SHOULDNT allow it. together we can stop it!

I hope I live long enough to see the effects of the explosion. I'm 70 years old. I have been watching and waiting for the event, but it just seems to be beyond my view. In my lifetime, I have witnessed comets, the collision of the comet fragment into the surface of Jupiter, the landing on the moon, (most memorable to be sure). The crowning glory to this would be seeing the phoenix of Betelguese.

We don't even know the ecliptic angle of this star. So we can not be sure what plane angle we are even looking at. For all we know we could be looking at the Pole of the star

7:10 Ludicrous Speed is one thing... but we're in real trouble if it ever goes Plaid 😳

There’s something about the wonder in the tonality of your voice coupled with the fascinating cosmological physics in the topics you and your team chose, that all make for such compelling and rewarding viewing for me. You guys have really honed your craft and nailed it. Keep going!

Wonder if that's because Alex shouted "Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse!!!"

My opinion on this topic is that I'm completely unqualified to have one. I look forward to this mystery being eventually solved.

Methinks we should consult Ford Prefect about this, since it's his home system.

the oblateness of such a fast rotating star should look hilarious if viewed closer

If enough observations were made, and with sufficient time in between them, the effect of "boiling" should cancel out and leave us with something very like the true rotation. Since we don't know how the data were collected, we can't really guess what the truth of the thing is likely to be.

I had to rewatch the beginning and pause the video to try and wrap my head around Betelgeuse’s rotation speed. It really puts into perspective the size of the star for me. It’s those kinds of facts that really fascinates me with the universe. Thanks for making such great thought provoking content.

Every time someone says "it defies the laws of physics" but they are looking at live data it just means that their physics model is incredibly terribly bad.

I don't think Betelgeuse is there any more, I think it's already gone pop.

Any mention of an ambulance siren, all I can think of is Carter Pewterschmidt insulting the people of France 😅

And what we see now is 650 years old. Everything we see the star doing happened 650 years ago.

When an ambulance siren is mentioned, all I can think of is Carter Pewterschmidt disparaging the French people.

Clearly our physics is wrong.

Even as a child, and I am two days older than dirt, I was obsessed with Betelgeuse, Venus, Sirius, Mars, and other bright objects. I always wanted to visit those bright places. Anyway, thanks for all you do in keeping us intelligent. I will also add, your voice is so soothing... I could listen to you read the entire internet.

I see star fleets burning on the shoulder of Orion.

If Betelgeuse is a bubbling star, then two images taken some time apart should look completely different. If it is a rotating star, then they should look the same.

How unlikely is it that we are viewing Betelgeuse from a point perpendicular to its axis of rotation? Are we looking at a pole? That spin rate seems pretty unlikely.

I've heard for a while that Betelgeuse is a non-spherical shape, but had a lot of trouble visualizing how that could possibly look. The simulations and comparisons of Betelgeuse to a giant drop of boiling water finally made it click for me! Thanks for the informative video!

I really enjoyed this explanation of the surface dynamics and rotation of Betelgeuse, thanks Alex. It just shows how unstable the outer layers of a red supergiant are in comparison to a "settled" outer layer of our own main sequence yellow dwarf star.

I found your content a few days ago and i just cant stop watching so much good info coming from your channel keep it up mate

This is the weirdest beetle juice I have never seen..

About the doppler effect, light's shift is imperceptible not because of its speed of propagation, but rather of the wavelengths of visoble light. If light propagated a thousand times slower, but kept the wavelengths, we still wouldn't be able to notice the shift.

How exactly would a star rotating at 5 km/sec be breaking the laws of physics? A study by the Royal Observatory of Belgium concluded that most stars cooler than F7 generally rotate at no faster than 50 km/sec, while hotter stars -- A-class (white), B-class (bluish-white), and O-class (blue) -- are often rotating faster than 100 km/sec. Hell, Jupiter's rotational velocity is 12.6 km/sec, more than twice as fast as Betelgeuse's observed rotational speed. Looking at blue supergiants, the rotational velocity is even higher. Rigel's is 25±3 km/sec, even though it has an estimated 21±3 solar masses compared to Betelgeuse's 14-19 solar masses. Nothing being stated about Betelgeuse in this video is that extraordinary compared to other stars -- save that it might, possibly, go supernova in the next 100,000 years or so.

I have photographed nebula's constellations planets solar eclipses annular eclipses lunar eclipses. I have seen the transition of Mercury I missed the transition of Venus but that's outside my control The last thing on my bucket list.... a supernova. I just hope I get to see it in my lifetime.

Hi! Just wanted to ask if it's possible to have subtitles that aren't automated? Love your content by the way! ❤

Yet another great presentation! Thank you very much!!!

I am both so grateful for all the hard work and brilliant minds that have allowed us to learn so much about distant celestial objects such as Betelgeuse, and also so sad that we can’t jump in a starship and see these low-resolution images in person. Thank you for the fascinating video! Captivating as always.

Space is just so interesting! Literally like everything is unique up there

Really interesting video! Keep shining Betelgeuse!

Cool video, Astrum! Thanks so much.

Very well explained concepts!

I have two comments. #1: Perhaps Betelgeuse is a triple star with two smaller companions gravitationally locked on opposite sides of Betelgeuse. The blue and red shifts would therefore be orbital speeds of the companions and not rotational speeds. However, this would mean there should be times when there is no blue or red shifts (when the companions are in-front and behind Betelgeuse), so this could be detected with a sufficient long rapid series of observations. Unless, perhaps, the orbital axis prevents the companions from ever being in-front-of and behind Betelgeuse. Nonetheless, a sufficiently long series of observations taken close together in time should be able to reveal these situations. #2: I believe these questions may be able to be definitively solved by means of a different observational technique ... namely occultations. I am not currently at home where I have software that I wrote many years ago to compute all sorts of occulations (of different objects by different objects). But I can describe in simple terms what I'm talking about. The simplest occultation to observe is the occultation of Betelgeuse by the moon --- as the moon passes in front of Betelgeuse and blocks the light from Betelgeuse from west to east. The idea is to take spectra of some prominent spectral lines of Betelgeuse as the moon covers the western portion of Betelgeuse ... then half of Betelgeuse ... then finally all of Betelgeuse except the very most eastern portion. This is obviously best done when the dark portion of the moon occults Betelgeuse (between a 2 day moon and 13-day moon). Slightly more information might be obtained if two observations can be made from locations as far north and south as possible. But to extract a great deal more information we would need to take spectra of other occultations of Betelgeuse --- by other planets and/or their moons, or by earth-orbiting satellites, or by "deep-space" satellites (which would not be very common or easy to predict). It would be great if some of these covered Betelgeuse in a more north-to-south or south-to-north direction. The problem, of course, is that the number of potential occultations. Perhaps the best set of objects to search for might be satellites in geosynchronous orbits. Observations of these occultations would need to be performed from somewhere around 7~8 degrees north or south latitude ... perhaps the coastal region of northern Peru would be best area to try due to its clear and dry weather, excellent sky clarity, and abundance of reasonably high mountains. One difficulty would be preparing and dragging a sufficiently large telescope to a location like this ... or any location for that matter. The advantage of this occultation technique is the ability to directly and reliably measure the spectra of very specific, precisely known portions of Betelgeuse [and any potential companion stars ... and potentially any large planets that orbit Betelgeuse].

We're seeing it now as it looked in 1374 since it's 650 light years away, that's almost 120 years before Europeans found The Americas.

This is a great science channel! Thank you for the content.

Thank you for the video.

Wait. Do you mean to tell me that we don't understand the universe and physics as well as we think we do? Shocking.

Ofc it's not a star...it's a Michael Keaton breakthrough character!

Thanks Asturm team for giving us this video thanks

love being in a time when we start to question physics again because we constantly see new things we have to try and explain

If its polar mass ejections are 'polarized' then theoretically they could be speeding up the rotation as it ejects mass.

I absolutely love to read headlines like THIS 👍 😂

I will bet that its surface is a chaotic turbulent mess. It is obviously not breaking any laws of physics, but challenging our limited understanding of them. I do get a little bemused when people say Betelgeuse is about to go supernova. It could well have done 300 years ago, meaning it's another 350 years before we find out.

Amazing! It's awesome when there is actual technical details of real measurements in these high level space topics.

We should just ask the Betelgeuse aliens what's going on with their star

Ardra or Thiruvathirai or Betelguese star has already become a supernova, the light is yet to reach Earth

Alex, you're really good at this.

I was there yesterday, they say there's a bug in the latest Betelgeuse updates. They've prioritised to fix

The red and blue dyed shift are just false colored so you can see them. It's not that much of a gradient. The star is actually boiling and cooling, at a massive size, as it burns through the last of its elements, and explodes. They could just point JWST at it and see the infrared the telescope can detect. It would not see it in color. Then they would have to color it in, as they do.

I can't believe Betelgeuse would have the gall to not obey laws we created.

5:33 I finally understand angular momentum, I had to play back at quarter speed to ensure I fully grasped the camel, I mean concept, fully grasped the concept.

Thank you I love watching and listening to your programs

Ah, theoretical physics. The non-science science.

Make video on Triton

I would think consistency in the gradient is more important than smoothness

To get an accurate reading of rotation speed using the doppler effect, you'd have to know about the axis of rotation. If that axis is pointing directly at the earth, for example, then the rotation would not be captured from earth by the doppler effect.

I wish you did longer videos 🙏

Thanks for this interesting space conundrum

0:07 no... stop it... 0:10 DON'T DO IT!!! STOP!!! 0:25 no!!!! you've doomed us all!!! 😭

People like Astrum confuse that physics is not how the universe really works, but many theories to try to explain what is happening. So physics doesn't allow or forbid anything.

Thank you Alex!

"the rotation curve doesn't match our expectations". Where have I heard this before...

day 1 asking astrum to do detailed video on Voyager brothers🎉

Religion has a catch-all phrase to plug every hole and put doubters in their place and keep the faithful happy. 'God works in mysterious ways'. Science needs to come up with a phrase when something doesn't correspond with the laws of physics. Which seems to be happening more and more recently.

I want to think its spinning that fast. Laws were made to be broken, and I love when scientists find new things that slap down our previous understanding!

Considering we can't go a week without some sort of physics-breaking observation, yet nothing ever changes, I won't be holding my breath on this one, either.

Terrence Howard says if I say the name of this star 3 times I will learn to divide by Zero

Astrum back on track. Keep it up.

I'm imagining Michael Keaton is rapidly blinking in and out of existence since this video came out.

Thank You for informative and well edited video. BTW, is there consensus now, how far Betelgeuse is?

Really enjoyed this video, even I could understand the science here. Great explanation and visuals :)

Noch eine tolle Präsentation! Vielen Dank!!!

That’s crazy, I’ve always wondered how they calculated speed of rotation. Thanks!

Thank you for posting Alex. As always, a very interesting and well presented video. Two things spring to mind here. If the bubbles of gas are receiving light from the star then re-radiating it then the light received by them will be spectroscopically shifted blue or red depending upon whether the bubble is falling toward the star or receding. Any light re-radiated will also be shifted conversely and the net result will be zero shift. If the gas bubbles are radiating light of their own then of course the explanation is valid. Another possibility is that the star may have a planetary disc in a stable orbit and its peripheral speed might achieve a very high velocity. If that is the case the reflected light from the star from it would be shifted blue and red as seen by the astronomers.

Ahhhhhhhh…, so nice…, a real person narrating…, thank you soooooo much👍😊

Excellent video as always say

Man, I told myself that I wasn't going to take a nap today lol

You need 2 versions of your videos. One for people with no science/space knowledge and one for enthusiasts. I just can't wait for this long for the point.

The answer could be a mixture of both factors. An accelerated spin from recent interaction, plus the turbulence, and high activity (which we don't fully understand yet) of a supergiant of this category entering into it's possibly final stages of evolution. I can't wait for the newer data to come forth! This star is a brilliant focus of attention for learning. (no pun intended)

There's something you didn't mention. If it did eat its companion star, we should be able to detect that in its Spectrum and that's provided providing that it devoured the entire thing. If it didn't do that you should know that it has a companion through observations

Did anyone else notice the small detail at 5:23? It’s so cool!

I'm drinking a glass of freshly squeezed Betelgeuse right now.

Betelgeuse looks a lot stranger than we thought 650 years ago

I won’t even lie.. the siren thing.. I didn’t even know.. I watch this channel and I feel so dumb at times.. but I LOVE the feeling of my mind getting absolutely bent up each video. Thank you.🙏

Is there anything more exciting in the world of astrophysics than finding out we were wrong about something?

Love the videos. I watch everyday!

Any you else totally addicted to astrum !?! I re listen to it every night, it calms me so much

If Betelgeuse is so unstable you should be able to measure one of its CME's The expansion velocity would clear up the confusion. It's unlikely but Betelgeuse could be a nebular star. In theory it's when two stars come very close to each other inside a nebular dust cloud the interaction space between the two stars keeps them from colliding. However that back pressure also causes cavitation and it would also make the star look somewhat blurry. Since it's gravity constant would be constantly changing by thousands of KMs/S. A longer telescope exposure probably would not work if this were the case. Multiple focus stacked images at interval to freeze moments in place would be a better option. You would have to figure out the interval first.

I'd wager that, once the turbulence is able to be properly accounted for, the rotational velocity will likely be adjusted from about 5 down to something between 2.5 and 3.5. I think it'll still be higher than we think.

Maybe its core is sinking inwards and the mass is like the ballerina pulling her arms in. Maybe it’s getting faster. Maybe all supernova do before they blow. And so, they get faster and denser in the middle, but the equator bulges out….you get all those bubbles and changes in brightness. This thing is about to blow maybe huh?

Cool. Thanks for sharing.

Absolutely Amazing as always!!!!!

Great Content, long time viewer here.👍🏻

Honestly, at this point I just love that Betelgeuse has the whole space community in a chokehold 😅

One thing the universe has taught me repeatedly is that more than one thing can be true at the same time. It could be spinning extremely fast AND boiling these massive bubbles at the same time.

Things got serious when Betelgeuze shifted from breaking the laws of physics to breaking the criminal laws