This is an excellent question! We measure the emission lines of the matrix element, but we do not use them to calculate the concentration of the matrix element. Instead, some of these lines are used as reference lines. The elemental concentrations are calculated based on the relative intensities between these reference lines and the respective elements’ emission lines. The reason for that is that the “detected” intensity of an element may change in time, but its ratio to a reference line should be stable over time as the chemical composition of the material does not change.

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