CANCER A-level Biology: Benign and malignant tumours and how tumours develop.

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Learn the differences between benign and malignant tumours and why malignant tumours are more life-threatening.
Learn how tumours develop linked to mutations in a tumour suppressor gene and/or oncogene, the abnormal methylation of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes or increased oestrogen concentrations.
For past paper questions linked to this topic click these links.
missestruch.co.uk/
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Пікірлер: 44

@maledit2433 Ай бұрын

lets be honest Miss Estruch is better than any of our teachers

@jamieredford5264 3 жыл бұрын

I can't thank you enough for your brilliant videos - they always make sense and when I'll keep on relying on your videos to understand aspects of the course that were too confusing at first :)

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you Jamie! Really pleased to hear that it is helping you to understand. Hopefully it keeps you enjoying Biology ! :D

@sylviadarke 3 жыл бұрын

saving my autumn A level exams, thankyou !! xx

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

You're welcome. Good luck!!!

@eleanormacfarlane3431 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you so so much, these videos are brilliant! I am so happy that I found them in time for my exams :) xx

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

so glad you did too if they are helping you 😊 Best of luck with your exams!! 🤞🤞🤞

@eleanormacfarlane3431 3 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology Thank you!! :))

@cherrycolagames3187 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you for these videos, they make more sense than the Snaprevise videos. I’m sorry Snaprevise! But your videos put everything into a nutshell which is what I really like :)

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

ah wow, high praise indeed! Thank you 😁😁😁

@cherrycolagames3187 2 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology You’re welcome 👍

@MrMidoo2010 4 жыл бұрын

Love your ❤"also"❤ my veteran teacher.

@MissEstruchBiology 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you :)

@alialhusiny9027 2 жыл бұрын

Thx too much my friend this video it's so important u best in molecular genetics

@MissEstruchBiology 2 жыл бұрын

So glad it's helping!

@adailyfact 5 ай бұрын

What grade did you end up getting?

@nazreenhoque3906 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you. This was very helpful.

@MissEstruchBiology 4 жыл бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

@definitely_neastays 3 жыл бұрын

thank you

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

you're welcome 😊

@sxsx1240 2 жыл бұрын

Hey Ms Estruch, Thank you so much for your help in these videos. I have a question on the effect of oestrogen on tumour development. In this video and in the official Kerboodle AQA biology book, it says that the oestrogen binds to the gene, activating it. However, in another topic in section 8 on regulation on transcription, the oestrogen is shown to bind to the transcription factor, acting as a signalling molecule rather then binding to the gene itself. Could you explain to me which mechanism I should understand, that it binds to the transcription factor or binds to the gene itself? Thank you, I hope you have a great day!

@lancashirelass5176 2 жыл бұрын

it means oestrogen binds to the promoter region upstream of the gene and stimulates transcriptiom

@sxsx1240 2 жыл бұрын

@@lancashirelass5176 I understand, but were we not taught that oestrogen binds to a oestrogen receptor on the transcription factor which activates it and the transcription factor is the one that binds to the promoter region of the gene, thereby initiating transcription?

@moa7651 3 ай бұрын

10:13 do we need to link this with acetylation also? both methylation and acetylation can cause a cancer to develop?

@atrappy2077 2 жыл бұрын

12:40 , 'this could be because oestrogen can activate a gene by binding to a GENE that initiates transcription' but in a previous video of transcriptional factors, i thought u said that oestrogen binds to the receptor...? yet written in the powerpoint it said it binds to a gene. can u explain this please ! thanks for the video btw

@AM-hn7gj 2 жыл бұрын

I’m confused about this too, maybe its a mistake

@NA-pe8tu 3 ай бұрын

Oestrogen binds to receptor on a transcriptional factor which allows it to then bind to specific base sequence on the gene and initiate transcription x

@abz7800 Ай бұрын

Anyone student can notice this inconsistency straight away but these people are so disconnected from us they don't understand what obviously doesn't make sense. I'd say this is due to the crappy aqa Oxford book which also repeats this lie . The oestrogen itself doesn't bind to a gene its the transcriptional factor that does .

@student8122 5 ай бұрын

7:24 it says methylation of oncogene supposed to be acetylation of oncogene.

@shazmeertv44 5 ай бұрын

Cry me a river mate

@user-vq4qy2hq5i 9 ай бұрын

How much of this information is needed for Topic 2?

@abia321 8 ай бұрын

What parts of this video do we need to know for the cancer part of topic 1?

@MissEstruchBiology 8 ай бұрын

This is all from topic 8 for AQA

@AM-hn7gj 2 жыл бұрын

Hey miss Estruch, so does oestrogen bind directly to the proto-oncogene rather than activating a transcriptional factor which is complementary to the proto-oncogene? Also in the exam do we always refer to the the gene as proto-oncogene and only when it has mutated we call it an oncogene? And is it this oncogene that then leads to cancer (in the case of gene mutations)? Thanks!

@mc2smith370 Жыл бұрын

A proto-oncogene is only an oncogene due to a mutation (usually hypomethylation) meaning the oncogene are over activated and this is what causes cancer.

@AM-hn7gj Жыл бұрын

@@mc2smith370 thanks for your answer, i did my a levels last yr so i don’t even remember what any of this is about anymore 😭😭

@iluvdawgs00 Жыл бұрын

IA THIS FOR AS OR ALVL LOOKS MORE LIKE A LVL COZ IN AS IT ONLY SAYS TO TELL HOW THEY FOREMD NOT N DETAIL BREFILY

@MissEstruchBiology Жыл бұрын

Hello, This is an A level topic

@iluvdawgs00 Жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology ahh thank u I got scared for a sec lol

@AM-hn7gj 3 жыл бұрын

Hi, is this unit 2?

@MissEstruchBiology 3 жыл бұрын

hello,Its topic 8 for AQA

@AM-hn7gj 3 жыл бұрын

@@MissEstruchBiology Thankyou, do you have a video for cancer for unit 2?

@user-qj4rg5qi7d 2 жыл бұрын

Hi Miss! I'm a bit confused about the hyper/hypomethylation section. I watched your epigenetics video and it said methyl groups bind directly to DNA (cytosine) and therefore DNA-histone complex condenses, but here it mentions that it binds directly to tumour suppressor gene. Does it just inhibit it generally or does it also cause DNA-histone complex to condense?

@mindaugas847 2 жыл бұрын

It condenses the dna where the TSG is located and thus it cannot be expressed