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Chronic Inflammation | Top 5 Causes of Inflammation in your Body- Thomas DeLauer
AGEs:
Many of the foods on the SAD diet contain high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), or glycotoxins. AGEs are formed through a nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and free amino groups of proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids - in other words, they’re harmful compounds created when sugar reacts with proteins or lipids (fats) in a process called glycation. The rise in processed food sector shows that more and more people are diverging towards modern processed foods. As modern diets are largely heat processed, they are more prone to contain high levels of AGEs. The pathologic effects of AGEs are related to their ability to promote oxidative stress and inflammation by binding with cell surface receptors or cross-linking with body proteins, altering their structure and function.
Obesity:
Fat-cell-secreted hormones bind to specific receptors on themselves (autocrine secretion), as well as to receptors on adjacent inflammatory cells, macrophages, (paracrine secretion) that normally infiltrate fatty (adipose) tissue. The more fat a fat cell contains, the more active it is in paracrine secretion - the higher the fat content of adipose tissue, the more macrophages (inflammatory cells) take up residence there. Once activated, the macrophages, in turn, secrete additional hormones, cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-6, etc.), which stimulate the immune system, triggering an inflammatory reaction that can adversely affect tissues throughout the body.
Gut Health (Bacterial Imbalance)
When beneficial bacteria populations decrease in the intestine, “gram-negative” bacteria gain ground. When these bacteria die, they release molecules called endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides), known for their pro-inflammatory action. Chylomicrons are fat transporters responsible for the absorption and transfer of dietary fat and cholesterol from the gut to the blood - LPS bind to chylomicrons and can be carried through the gut wall into the blood. Binding and transport of LPS by chylomicrons is a natural process that helps remove LPS and take it to the liver for detoxification.
Prolonged Stress:
Prolonged stress results in the prolonged release of cortisol, which works to suppress nonessential-in-an-emergency functions, like your immune response. The hormone also fuels the production of glucose, or blood sugar, boosting energy to the large muscles, while inhibiting insulin production and narrowing arteries, which forces the blood to pump harder to aid our stressor response. Adrenaline is also released, which tells the body to increase heart and respiratory rate, and to expand airways to push more oxygen into muscles - your body also makes glycogen, or stored glucose (sugar), available to power muscles. In addition, stress decreases lymphocytes, white blood cells that are part of the immune system. The problem with prolonged stress is that it alters the effectiveness of cortisol to regulate the inflammatory response because it decreases tissue sensitivity to the hormone - in other words, immune cells become insensitive to cortisol's regulatory effect. Since those that are stressed are more insensitive to it, their cells keep producing more and more cortisol, which results in increased transcription of factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
Lack of Sleep:
Poor sleep habits are known to cause inflammation - sleep loss induces a systemic, low-grade inflammation characterized by the release of several molecules, including cytokines and acute-phase proteins. Getting less than, or more than, 7-8 hours of sleep per night has been shown to result in increased levels of inflammatory markers in the blood, like C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Brain Toxins:
Getting ideal amounts of sleep reduces inflammation and restores the brain by flushing out toxins - one of these toxins is a toxic protein called beta-amyloid.
Resources:
1) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
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4) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
5) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
6) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
7) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
8) juvenon.com/bloated-fat-cells...
9)www.sciencedaily.com/releases...
10) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
11) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
12) selfhacked.com/blog/lipopolys...
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14) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
15) www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-r...