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Fats and oils are esters of triglycerols and fatty acids. Hydrolysis can break down
a fat or oil and release the triglycerol and fatty acids. If the hydrolysis is carried
out under alkaline conditions a soap can be made. The reaction is known as
saponification. A saponification value can be found for individual fats and oils and
it can be used to compare their relative molecular masses. It can also be used to
compare the relative chain length of the fatty acids that make up the fat or oil.
Saponification value is expressed by potassium hydroxide in mg required to saponify one (1) gram of fat.