A VNA is basically Smith chart for matching RF.

Here's a simplified story how the quantum computer works: The actual computer is the simple chip at the bottom of the dilution refrigerator. The reason it's at the bottom is because the way a dilution refrigerator works, is it creates a lower and lower temperature at every stage, starting from room temperature at the top, to 50K (Kelvin) to 4K to ~0.7mK to 0.4mK at the bottom.The spiral thing you see in the middle of the fridge is the dilution unit, which mixes Helium 3 (the lighter Helium atom with 3 electrons) with Helium 4 (the heavier one with 4 electrons), and makes Helium 3 evaporate from the mix, causing loss of energy. A dilution refrigerator has 3 integral parts: The gas handling system, the compressor(s) (up to 3 or up to 9 in case of KIDE) and the cryostat itself. Each depend on the other to function. The extremely low temperatures are necessary because qubits don't necessarily want to remain stable at higher temperatures. As stated in every other video about QCs - Qubits calculate 2 probabilities at once and make it possible to state things that may take 1000s of years to calculate linearly with 1s or 0s alone. The wiring from the chip up through each stage is through superconductive materials. The user interface for a quantum computer is still software a normal laptop. It will likely never replace normal computing, but will be an use of breaking encryption or solving very specific codes, if the breakthrough stage of usability is achieved. At it's current stage, it uses massive amounts of electricity and makes a lot of sound. It would be hilarious if I saw someone having a personal one.

it's also concerning when you accidentally hit a big red button with your elbow and all the noises mysteriously stop

@@qiskitOh oh! that silence is the calm before the storm! Because you just turned off the compressor with that one button, and the system starts to pressurize, and pop-off valves start to open up to release the pressure in 10-15 minutes if you do not turn on the compressors. (That can also cause ice-block formation in the reliquifier).

What is going on down here :).... from a quantum enthusiast. Who else is from Quantum explorers 2023 cohort?

Thankfully the big red button has a cover on it to avoid elbows hitting it. Was the croygen quench switch, also sounds an alarm when lifting the cover. There were two, generic yellow and black button for electrical system emergency stop and the big red quench button under a cover. Hitting the e stop causes stuff to need a reboot and limits equipment damage. The quench button will cause irreparable damage to the magnet and loss of over 100k in cryogens.

Reading your comment makes me feel guilty. I have been so excited that a new invention is on its way that will make quantum computing redundant in 2024, but now I feel bad because your enthusiasm is so inspiring that it almost makes me want Quantum computers to become a thing.

I don't think there will be any kind of advancement this time. The big task or hurdle for Quantum Computers is its environment and creating the environment and the computing parts into a portable computer is something really really difficult and even can be said to be impossible. But for portability we already have it. We can access ibm quantum computers and try it out virtually now itself but will be running in the lab and I think advancement in that field will sure come.

@@neolxxxv5882look on the brighter side. The shall be significant advancements in the size and scale. In this day and age nothing is impossible

Pocket quantum computers circa 2100!

How on earth and why was my reply deleted? I’m an optimist for the advancement of quantum computers and shall be the pioneer in that

the difference with 1940s is that at that time classical computers were immediately useful. these machines are utterly useless for anything practical. these are basically a lab equipment.

It can’t do anything useful now and nobody knows when and if it can become useful. That’s the reality. Also, note that they delete any comments that are not hyping the tech. So this is a disappearing comment

@@argynkuketayev4166 🙄

It is more of a quantum processor. we send analog microwave signals to the qubits to either process information or control the qubits themselves, then the signal goes into cables inside the fridge and are sent through amplifiers so that they can be read by the devices mentioned. no, there are no keyboard and mouse. its all controlled via microwave sources that send specific signals. In all honesty these devices will probably never come to the general public. They're very useful in solving problems that have many combinations but other than that classical computers are much better and faster at solving and performing step by step operations.

physical.

once the fridge reaches a temp of 4K, we can compress the mixture of helium 3 and 4 so that it enters a superfluid state allowing it to further cool down. when completely cool the fridge can circulate the mixture for continuous operation.

Not true. Cooling is not a big problem for us.

milli = 1/1000

That's 0.015 kelvin 😲 , that is absolute Cold

stainless steel and superconductors

@@qiskit thank you for the fast reply Actually I have an other question Is the super conductor is made of niobium

we cant share the secret sauce there unfortunately!

Get your Ph.D then go apply, I doubt they have anyone who is not a doctoral student or post doc working on this research.

I think the amplifiers are in the dilution fridge and what you saw at 4:35 is only the controller box.

Correct this is just the voltage box for the HEMTs. They are kept at 4k like you said

?

Yes

It's a Northeast accent. And dont call me "dearie".

Ya 2/10 🙄