Ma’am, I have learned more about physics by watching your channel than all my school years could ever provide. I just wanted to say a vey big thank you. Peter U.K.

0:21: 🔬 Quantum computing has made significant advancements since 2021, with the ability to calculate using entangled qubits for certain mathematical problems. 3:34: 🔬 Quantum advantage and utility are demonstrated through fast calculations and random distributions using quantum processors. 6:57: 🔬 The challenge for photonic quantum computing is to have reliable sources for single photons and to shrink down all the elements onto chips. 10:32: ! Atoms in tweezers are a variation of ion traps, but using neutral atoms instead of charged ions allows for more scalable 3-dimensional configurations. 14:14: 🔬 Multiple companies, including Microsoft and Google, are making progress in topological quantum computing, which could lead to easier scaling of quantum computers. Recap by Tammy AI

Thank you Sabine. At 10:36 you mention that "ions are atoms that are missing some electrons so they are negatively charged". However, if one removes negatively charged electrons from neutral atoms, the resulting ions would be positively charged right?

This was brilliant, thank you. I feel that I can trust the thoroughness of the research done and that you will talk about tradeoffs and not get swept up the hype of one technology.

You said "ions are atoms that are missing some electrons, so they're negatively charged." Wouldn't they be positively charged?

Thanks for the update. I was curious what happened in the quantum computing hype bubble. :)

I love how it went from Quantum Supremacy -> Quantum Advantage -> Quantum Utility

Thank you, Sabine! Love your method of presenting the complex things.

I always like and comment because you are terrific and seldom mention that I should like and subscribe (I am) and whenever you do, you do it with grace and intelligence. Love that you treat us like we are not morons even if compared to you we are lacking. Thank you for being brilliant and yet taking the time to explain things to laypeople. You are my Feynman.

Thanks a bunch for the video and all the info, Sabine! 😊 Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

Thanks, it is a great and comprehensive review of QC !

Thank you for the video.

Great summary! Would have loved your take on DWave's approach using quantum annealing!

Thank you on behalf of a lay person curious about what's the next step in computing and all things exacting. You keep it real. Please keep up your interesting and current content.

Thank you for all your research Sabine. Great video! ^^

Helluva compilation, Sabine! BRAVO ZULU!

Thank you Sabine!

Well done Sabine! It will be interesting to see which company comes up with the best Quantum Computing technological innovations going forward. I am certain that you will keep us well informed!

Thanks Sabine, you have given me a new ambition, indeed I have already begun assembly of my first prototype Lego quantum computer. Thanks for letting me know where my competition is.

Great video as always! As someone working on the field, it's always great to see a sobering take on the matter. There's so many advancements, but there is so *much* overhype and borderline scams that filtering out good information becomes difficult. And ... well, even if the progression is great, these advancements are *still* not enough to get an useful advantage. Just gonna point out one quick thing. ColdQuanta renamed themselves Infleqtion late last year. As usual, the new name *has* to have a forced Q somewhere in it.

I LOVE your videos. They straight forward SCIENTIFIC FACTS with no BS or BIAS, mixed with some really hilarious subtle humor. Thank you so much, keep up the GREAT work 😁 SUBD 😉

300 years from now a student is going to build a lego quantum computer as a "show and tell" experiment just to spite that famous Nobel prize winner Sabine Hossenfelder.😊

Thanks for shedding light on photon quantum computers.

Thank you very much Dr Hossenfelder! It is good summary of different quantum computing methods. Also, I like your jokes :)

Thank you Sabine and Team, happily awaited

at 10.40 you say that ions are atoms that are missing some electrons and they are negatively charged. But if you remove negatively charged electrons from an atom it should be positively charged.

Thanks for the summary of the state of quantum computing. I found out about this approach in the 90s and wrote a summary paper on it as an undergrad. Back then just getting 2 or more qubits to maintain coherence was a huge fete and everyone was worried our encryption methods of the time would eventually become obsolete, so to see where we were then to where are are now is quite amazing.

Great update. Though I miss the telephone from the weekly news...

Pretty realistic picture of current events. Very interesting!

Very nice summary of the actual development and wow a lot is going on. Looks like we are now slightly above the first steep climb of the hypetrain, but have not reached the valley of tears and death.

4:54 I'm doing my graduate thesis about Quantum Computing so by that point my mind had gone astray thinking about it so you actually got me by surprise when I heard "doodle" 😂

The color of Sabina's Pullover is like quantum entanglement. You understand it when you see it, but you have a hard time describing it to others.

This should get the message out in the mainstream. Sabine covered a lot of ground in this.

"Ions are atoms missing some of their electrons, so they are negatively charged." Oops, silly mistake Sabine, they would, of course, be positively charged!

Great summary Sabina 👍🏾

Brilliant video as usual. On a side note, I've heard Sabine pronounce "Majorana" in several videos by using the "j" sound as in the English word "join". That is not how it is pronounced in Italian. That "j" stands for an "i" that serves as a semivowel as it is sitting between two other vowels. Thinking of that "j" as a "y" or an "i" (as in "mayorana" or "maiorana") should do the trick.

Haha, I was actually checking out and reaching for my Ninendo Switch at 4:53

I too was looking for any status on DWave. Could you elaborate on them?

Really very useful overview! Even though I am currently in a Quantum engineering master's degree, I wasn't aware of all the latest advances in all these technologies. Thank you!

"... just checking if you listening." I love Sabine´s dry humor. ;D

Thank you very much...

Quantum computing reminds me of the time I tried to implement halley's method to calculate the square root of a number. I managed to do it in about 1/2 the number of iterations than it would have taken using newton raphson, but the time it takes to compute the numerator and denominator of halley's means I could compute each iteration of newton raphson faster... So overall it ended up being a complete waste of time. Cool maths thing. Pointless when it came to implementation.

The vape video that was edited in was a really well physical explination for what you mean, and im sure its not a 100% as shown but made it easier for me to conceptualize in my head

I am so glad you’re in the world you give me joy

Wouldn't missing electrons make the ions positively charged? 10:37

Hello, thank you for all the great content, very smart!

Yay! New SH videos always make me happy! Are you writing any more books? I loved Lost in Math and Existential Physics. EP is probably the best book I've ever read. (PS, you accidentally pushed the 'o' button twice when writing 'Losers' in the title)

Sabine hitting us with the only valid measurement of large areas: football fields

Good God, is this ever over my head! I didn't hear one word that's not English, yet I didn't hear a whole sentence I truly understood. Well, I'll be back Tuesday to catch up on the usual 'What's New?' video.

the topological approach is going to be very successful I think. The smoke-ring description is very apt, although I think more emphasis should be placed on describing the phenomenon as a tube, rather than a ring. In fact, I believe there's a kind of tractor effect with the way the boundary layer is 'replenished' by circulating in and out of the coherent entangled-particle base. I have an idea this is how the now-stretched cosmic web 'pumps' information around the universe.

gosh, I feel old! can't understand any of it, but I still enjoy trying!!

I thought I saw "Quantized Marijuana Conductance". This was an amazing presentation, like a news broadcast from the future!

The verbal eye roll when the "Quantum Supremacy" rename was explained made me burst out laughing.

Well done Sabine.

Best news channel on YT !

I'd say superconducting qubits have about 100 us coherence times on a good day (some better, some worse in IBM processors). Also, photonic chips use superconducting nanowires for single photon detectors, so they must be cooled far enough below the superconducting transition temperature of those detector materials, WSi or NbTiN, etc...

Can you make a video on this idea: equations are balancing equalities, transposition are a priori not allowed. But transposition are substituteable by equality. Therefore equalities have a substitute transposition that stayes balanced and does not involve the evolution of the before substituted equation. This balanced transposition could be be in nomenclature. My first imaginary plane. Eigenvectors. In base form. When eigenvalues generate bases for vectors, these vectors can be factorized on both sides of the equation, following generated permitted transpositions by substitution. A with a dot on top. So what's the mathematical process? Please

As someone who does research in Photonic integrated circuits, this is a great video.

excellent as usual. i was confused by the size of the field until i realized you were talking about a soccer field :)

Usually I am very interested and can follow what is being discussed. In this case Sabine could have been giving a talk on the construction of magic wands and their variations in Hogwarts class of 'Advanced Infusion of magical artifacts'.

Thank you....

Love it, hooray Sabine!

This is my new #1 favorite channel rn. Thank you for these pre-determined moments of laughter 😃 😅😂

I enjoy the subjects you present. I love you wardrobe.

The situation described at 3:15 exemplifies what often happens when a disruptive technology is introduced. While there may have been a bit of spin involved, I don't think that Google was gaslighting everyone on the comparison. Instead, often just the mere introduction of a disruptive technology can highlight areas for improvements in the incumbent technology. I suspect the Chinese scientists went back to understand how the Quantum computer was able to compute faster, and then took these ideas as guidance on how to improve a traditional computer and software. Voila! They are able to shrink the gap to quantum computing. Other examples of this technological phenomenon are the improvements in the efficiency of internal combustion cars after the advent of electric cars, and the improvement in the performance of passive suspensioned F1 cars after the introduction, and then banning of computer controlled active suspension F1 cars.

One thing which is tagentially related to this is that the field of programmable photonics is really maturing a lot and we're about to see "photonic FPGAs" pop up. Those have the advantage of: 1) Being very good for rapidly prototyping conventionally useful photonic devices like the ones used in optical fiber networking equipment, and 2) Giving a computational advantage when considered just as analog computers without the quantum parts, since they are good at analog matrix multiplication in ML applications (but are very bad at doing anything nonlinear) 3) Doing some slightly quantum tasks like quantum key distribution that don't rely on having a full quantum computer. Quantum key distribution is something we've been able to do for a long time, but mass producing a programmable silicon photonics chip for fiber routers that can also do QKD would be a pretty major development. It would also mean that quantum computers developed later on may benefit from quantum capable fiber networks already being in place, which increases the probability that quantum computers end up being useful (networked computers are a lot more useful than isolated ones).

Sabine if by some luck you will be able to find an easy to understand use -case for qubits etc , that would be really cool episode ...

Those smoke rings were dope af😂

😂😂😂 4:53 this was playing in the background with me vaguely listening till you said this 😂😂😂😂

What I never understood, what do you do when the quantum state is destroyed? Do you have to physically open and reset the chip in some way (repair?) or is it just a matter of pressing restart in the specialized software?

I like your pullover 👍🏻

thank you

This lady is brilliant her on way! thanks for sharing!

What is needed is a quantum computer calculation of electron density in the magnetar. Limits on density are a direct consequence of electron shell electromagnetic coherence.

Would you ever do a video on Vopson's infodynamics and the simulated universe hypothesis? Thanks!

What a great idea for a scientist to explain science articles and sniff out the bs. Very much needed right now

😂😂😂 4:53 this was playing in the background with me barely listening till you said this 😂😂😂😂

Sabine is back!

Splendid !

Right off the bat, I love the shirt!

can you do a video about cat qubits?

Thanks!

Is there any type of software for quantum computers yet ? Or at least a programming language

Sabine: You can't simulator a quantum computer in Lego. Someone on KZfaq: Hold my erector set!

You missed mention of QuEra, which is by most accounts the top neutral-atom based quantum computing company. They have 256 atoms on a 2d array available to the public right now for analog hamiltonian simulation.

I recall reading articles about 'photonic computing' back in the 1970's. Scientific American and other tech magazines published some wonderful stuff about AND, OR and NOR gates that operated on single photons. It was the future of computing and electronics...that never came to be. Nobody at the time could find a way to make efficient photon sources*. *Individual photons on demand, not just a bright beam.

Love that top! Super cute. The video was good too.

Maybe you can't make a quantum computer out of Lego but can you make one out of wool? - You can certainly entangle it and it could be the proof needed for string theory, would also keep the cat occupied while their in that box... 🤣

My physics teacher was talking about light being the next step.

Before I forget, the same what was I going to say happens to me. It must therefore be normal. Great opening to quantum computing having the same problem. However, in my case, I made up a new story which I hope is not quantum computing's own response.

@sabinehossenfelder its a bit misleading to say we need a certain number of qubits to do useful things. If you factor in error rates, itll make more sense why ion traps have much lower qubits than superconducting qubits.

Nothing on semiconductor spin qubits? The architecture of these qubits is very similar to conventional semiconductor transistors, therefore i feel like they have a lot of promise for scalability.

I had an idea for a science fiction story involving Artificial Intelligence. (Quantum Computing?) If they made it into a movie the space craft would look something along the lines of the Avalon from the movie Passengers. The ship could only speed through the vastness of space with the aid of artificial intelligence that would accurately predict objects that would conflict with their flight path because no radar or other sensor could see far enough in advance to be useful. The premise would be that the artificial intelligence would sound an alarm and wake the crew with a warning of an impending collision. BUT.....simultaneously there would be a mechanical malfunction that keeps the ship from automatically taking evasive action. So what, you might ask? The trouble is that this occurrence is unprecedented in deep space travel over hundreds of years.....and the crew no longer has the skills to make the repairs. Thus, the rush is on to learn the skills and repair the ship before they collide with the object. All kinds of twists and turns possible there. At first the ships computer works against them.....because it is malfunctioning. They realize they need to wake certain passengers who might have the intelligence to help save the ship. They have to decide between one of two repair plans because they don't have the manpower or time to pursue both plans. Repair the A.I. so it can resume normal protective operations or learn to repair and pilot the ship themselves. Long story short......they fall short of the deadline to set things right. They prepare for the collision and their demise. By then they have learned how to bring the surveillance systems alive and monitor their own doom. The screen images are generated through the ships computer. The object comes into view. It moves closer and closer. It looms large on the screen and impacts the ship......only nothing happens. The computer was wrong. There never was an object hurtling towards them. It was an erroneous prediction. The happy ending is that they learned how to learn again. How to be human and not children of artificial intelligence.

If you're solving a labyrinth, the classical computer has to walk every possible path, before determining, whether the trap has an exit. A quantum computer is an equivalent of hooking up compressed air to the entrance, to see if it escapes or pressurizes the vessel. A classical computer will take longer, but produce an applicable result - the navigation path. A quantum computer will instantly solve the whole problem, but if you were to deduce the path of escaping air through the sound of the noise it makes, your efforts would be fruitless. Using the same labyrinth example, it is clear to see how quantum computers can complement classical ones, to work in tandem. Say, you have 10 labyrinths and only one has an exit. Would you send a classical computer to crunch them all, or would you first let the quantum states scout out the all of the interiors simultaneously. Single out the one problem that has a valid solution, in order to dispatch linear logic in a targeted manner, bypassing 90% of potential waste. For issues involving geometry or molecular biology, this it huge! That being said, having played with quantum in the cloud, I still have a hard time wrapping my mind around it.

Color me something not told accurately in our data of scholars 😮, splendid video and information. Thsnks

Wahnsinn! Dankeschön!

but yeah if you have such an interaction, then it does indeed make quentum computers different, it makes the correlations apear impossible as individual dice so to speak. just like it has to, so there is no conflict. you could build it out of legos that have their orientations physically connected until one of them is put into place somewhere and the interaction is changed or almost completely broken. but is that really lego anymore, or something way cooler, i thing its way cooler.

Small mistake: At about 11:00 you say that ions are atoms that are missing electrons so they are negatively charged. If they are missing electrons they should be positively charged.

the trick is simple, information about the outcome is transfered to the partner before its measured, thats all you need. and before, after and the direction of causality is ambiguous until you can measure a broken lorentz symmetry. the first particle measured is always A in my explaination, according to whatever foliation you think is true, prefer is true, but until we know how to differentialte its going to be just musings about it.

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