How does a modern Power Supply work?! (230V AC to 5/12V DC) DIY Flyback Converter!

Рет қаралды 374,831

Күн бұрын

Do you want to know more about the Würth Elektronik components? Then click here: bit.ly/Online_Catalog_EN
Würth Elektronik products, which were used in the video:
- WE-FLEX+ Flexible Transformer for DC/DC Converter (749197131): bit.ly/WE_FLEX_EN
- WE-UOST Universal Offline Standard Transformers (760875112): bit.ly/WE_UOST_1_EN
- WE-UOST Universal Offline Standard Transformers (760875532): bit.ly/WE_UOST_2_EN
- WE-LLCR Resonant Converter (760895731): bit.ly/WE_LLCR_EN
- WE-UNIT Off-Line Transformer (749118105): bit.ly/WE_UNIT_EN
Previous video: • DIY Tube Amp sounds be...
Everything you need to know about Transformers! video: • Is it easy to create y...
Facebook: / greatscottlab
Twitter: / greatscottlab
Support me for more videos: www.patreon.com/GreatScott?ty=h
In this video we will be having a look at the kind of power supplies you use every day. I am talking about switched mode power supplies that convert our 230V AC mains voltage into for example 5V or 12V DC to power our electronics. I will not only tell you all about the heart of such a system, a flyback transformer, but I will also show you how it is used in a flyback circuit. At the end I will also show you a DIY attempt of such a mains power supply that you should (please) not replicate. Let's get started!
Websites which were shown (used) during the video:
www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/...
Thanks to the Würth Elektronik eiSos Group for supporting this video.
Music:
2011 Lookalike by Bartlebeats
0:00 Flyback Transformers in Power Supplies
1:15 Intro
1:33 Flyback Transformer Theory
3:25 Flyback Converter Functional Principle
5:58 Practical Flyback Converter Circuit
8:13 DIY 230V AC Flyback Converter (SMPS)

Пікірлер: 615

@realdragon 2 жыл бұрын

Wurth Elektronik: Do your best Great Scott: *Cuts transformer in half*

@robert_g_fbg 2 жыл бұрын

DIY == Destroy It Yourself 💥

@legominimovieproductions 2 жыл бұрын

Flextape can't fix that XD

@reb_game 2 жыл бұрын

kzfaq.info/get/bejne/j9p5ZZxlyNCvfZc.html

@jainvibhore1997 2 жыл бұрын

"Do not build this circuit! With that being said, here's the schematic" -Great Scott XDD

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Everyone should have the access to knowledge ;-) But a warning was still necessary ;-)

@Paul_EEB 2 жыл бұрын

It is not a bad circuit to build. It just missing parts that make it a compete power supply unit, and it should not be used as a power supply.

@oraszuletik 2 жыл бұрын

Dodgy! 😉

@tvishmaychoudhary69 2 жыл бұрын

@@oraszuletikDIODE GONE WILD!!

@VijayaLakshmi19807 2 жыл бұрын

@@greatscottlab Hi sir. Sir please hack an AR glasses to work on a HDMI input even if the whole setup becomes bulkey. Bigg fan. Love from India ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

@melchiortod29 2 жыл бұрын

That's like marketing to the next level! Love that!

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Well, I wanted to do a video about SMPS and they wanted to show off their transformers.....I would say that is a good match ;-)

@analoghardwaretops3976 2 жыл бұрын

.." this is not a promotional pitch..but in all fairness I can say this ( though we were really small customers ) Wurth Elektronik do have " high quality & reliable components and are real serious business partners... despite we using a limited range and quantity of their products...they went " all out " to respond to our doubts/queries/ end use applications..and sent their team over with substantial dev. kits/ catalogues etc. besides follow ups..

@nickwallette6201 2 жыл бұрын

I am ALL FOR THIS. I have a pet project I'm trying to learn up to... I've got a shelf full of game consoles from the Famicom to PS4 Pro. I want to install a high-power 24VDC supply and use isolated switchmode supplies to step down to what each machine needs... 3.3V, 5V, 7-9V, 12V, and so on. (Isolated to prevent ground loops and issues with systems that raise "ground" to a diode drop above one leg of the input jack, like the NES.) In my research, I've seen planar transformers that use stacked PCB layers to provide galvanic isolation. Since the design is kind of tricky, they're also available as drop-in modules from trafo manufacturers. But, magnetics selection is non-trivial, and I still feel completely lost on this topic. It's really the last domino to fall before I can start building some POC designs. So, please! MOAR TRAFOS!

@inothome 2 жыл бұрын

Great video as always!!! Ignore the YT analytics, if they still show poor results. It's not you, it's them and please don't change your style to try and appease the algorithm. . We're all here for the quality of videos you have always done and this is a perfect example.

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Well said! Do not worry. I will keep making such videos as long as I can ;-)

@WarriorRev6300 2 жыл бұрын

Those waste fake yt videos with crazy thumbnails are making it to yt algorithm.

@nickwallette6201 2 жыл бұрын

I would love it if content creators banded together and created a wash of "Shorts" that were titled "do not watch this - nobody asked for it, nobody wants it, this is a waste of time." 30 seconds of vertical video paint drying, grass growing, and similar pointlessness. When the viewing stats are complete garbage, maybe YT can butt out of trying to dictate content.

@ihatemicrosoftsobadly3188 Жыл бұрын

Already suggested your channel to all my nerd friends :) great videos. Keep up the great work!

@thebamplayer 2 жыл бұрын

Can you make a video about active power factor correction, because it's an important topic with switch mode power supplies. Due to it's big capacitors.

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

It is on my to do list :-)

@user-qf6yt3id3w 2 жыл бұрын

Active PFC is fascinating. I think it's just using PWM to draw a sinusoidal current so the current is in phase with the voltage but there might be some more clever stuff going on. What would be interesting would be to use a microcontroller to do sinusoidal PWN synchronized to a zero crossing detector and see if that performs as well as a commercial APFC chip. I suspect the commercial chip is doing something a bit cleverer than this but it's not well documented. Basically a 'Buy of Build' for active power factor correction.

@axelBr1 2 жыл бұрын

About 10 years ago I had to simulate an oil refinery electrical power grid. Was a struggle trying to understand how a generator's AVR goes from changing the generator's voltage when it's the only generator on the grid to changing the reactive power supplied when there is more than one generator.

@sulochanakharat9033 2 жыл бұрын

@@greatscottlab sir please make vedio on "how to use lab bench power supply basic to professionally"🙏🙏🙏 (I request you)

@user-qf6yt3id3w 2 жыл бұрын

@@greatscottlab Awesome! Looking forward to it.I don't suppose you know any good discussions of Actice Power Factor Control algorithms?

@chuckthebull 2 жыл бұрын

I have been fixing these for years by changing some of the caps..I had a good idea how they worked and you defiantly boosted my understanding of them even further... lots went into the design technically.. thanks

@fuadmammadzade1213 2 жыл бұрын

Wow, I have watched dozens of videos about SMPS before, but this one really made the subject to click.

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Brilliant :-)

@sumitkumar12 2 жыл бұрын

So true, this was the best explanation

@MrTacoSr 2 жыл бұрын

sometimes I have to rewatch these videos because I get so caught up in him writing and labeling so perfectly with no mistakes

@thatoneguy99100 2 жыл бұрын

I really love Würth Elektronik's products, and I love them even more for sponsoring you!

@NoobHuman 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks Würth elektronik for us to learn more about Switch mode power supplies!

@TopDedCenter 2 жыл бұрын

Looking forward to more videos about this. I've been trying to fix a switch mode power supply for a KORG keyboard and my knowledge in the feedback loop is very limited. This video has been a huge help and i think I'll take another look at repairing it after your next video.

@hobbyelectronics2121 2 жыл бұрын

The best description of flyback transformers ever :)

@MrJugsstein 2 жыл бұрын

I'm coming to electronics later on in life. Your tutorial have to be the clearest and most well explained. Really enjoy and get so much from your videos. Thanks for your time.

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

@twistedshadowsaf 2 жыл бұрын

This makes understanding those circuits I copied down from circuits I worked with before alot easier..

@philipatkinson1532 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you. I have a big box of these I bought eBay as a mixed bag for £1 ages ago and having tested the coils resistances was puzzled. The box remains! I will try testing them with low voltage at 60kHz Might be more informative. Very good explanation. I vaguely knew how they worked. Now I know more :)

@thetrcg 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the great content! Always wanted to know how power supplies worked and now I know, I think

@keyem4504 2 жыл бұрын

That's a type of video I like a lot. Lots of stuff to learn. Thank you.

@ThriftyToolShed 2 жыл бұрын

Great video! Thanks for all the work you put into this.

@vidulabeywickrama7852 2 жыл бұрын

U really deserve more sponsors.

@Richie_ 8 ай бұрын

I'm still learning and haven't used AC yet. I got a 220v - 9v AC to try the AD-DC circuit when confident enough.

@DonkenAndToivolaRR 2 жыл бұрын

Just can't wait for the video on the TL431. I'd love to see, how I could use it, to regulate the output of a dc-dc converter (which aren't so different from smps). For example to battery power a microcontroller based temperature logger.

@FINALASTXTN 2 жыл бұрын

Finnally somebody goodly explained a flyback converter

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

You're welcome :-)

@edoardocastellaneta271 2 жыл бұрын

hi, great video as always. just keep in mind that in case of flyback topology, we aren't really talking about a transformer: since there is a high reluctance gap, a flyback trasformer is more like two mutual inducitors with a very high coupling coefficient.

@kelvin1316 2 жыл бұрын

Me: "hmm yes, I see" My mate: "you have no idea what's he is talking about do you?!" Me: "nope he lost me at 'reluctance gap'!" Hehe 😇 💚

@Henry-fv3bc 2 жыл бұрын

Meh most would still consider that a transformer. RF transformers can be completely air core and we still call them transformers.

@edoardocastellaneta271 2 жыл бұрын

@Joseph Bunn great explanation, thanks!

@johnemanuel5593 2 жыл бұрын

Clearly understood.... It was too hard to understand about smps.... Thank you it was helpful... 😊😊😊

@linuswulff03 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you! I've been wanting to learn more about flyback converters recently!

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Glad I could help!

@LabArlyn 2 жыл бұрын

I was also looking for an SMPS tutorial, glad I could find this video.

@TheUnknownCatWarrior 2 жыл бұрын

KZfaq: DIY power supply without explanation Great Scott: *explains everything thoroughly*

@sahilsingh1 2 жыл бұрын

Amazing video. I always wondered how usbc PD is able to achieve different voltages, and this video is the answer - PWM with different duty cycles.

@NilsRohwer 2 жыл бұрын

Fascinating, I'm very happy to have this video from you. I have wondered about Switching mode power supplies for ages, and to have such detail is great - to be fair, I'm 1:03 in, but I know it'll be good. Edit: I was not disappointed! Thanks.

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

@LimbaZero 2 жыл бұрын

I usually use bare wire to do these prototyping circuits. Saves some solder and less headache of solder bridges.

@williamcraig6377 2 жыл бұрын

Excellant explanation to a topic I have been wanting to understand for years. Yes, please cover the topic of voltage references. You are my inspiration to build electronics.

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Glad I could help :-) I hope I will get to this video soon.

@L2.Lagrange 8 ай бұрын

8:56 what an absolute madlad lmao. Props man

@brucewilliams6292 2 жыл бұрын

Great video. I love learning about electronics and your explanations are very good.

@alext5310 2 жыл бұрын

Nice, something interesting to watch while waiting for the F1 GP to start, haha

@InterFelix 2 жыл бұрын

Exactly...

@JSPHism 2 жыл бұрын

I already lost hope lmao I honestly want to see a good race without rain

@SERAFINARODRIGUES 2 жыл бұрын

Same here hshshshshsh

@analoghardwaretops3976 2 жыл бұрын

Yes in this demo it was built without any " soft start ".. unlike the G.P. races that can Never begin with a soft start 😂😂😂

@The-Master-of-None 2 жыл бұрын

When Scott says "RIGHT?" The answer is "NO". Great content as always! Thanks for sharing your knowledge.

@robertwillemsen368 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you. Nice and clear explanation!

@criticalthinking2603 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you. More videos like this are welcome.

@johnathanasiou9284 2 жыл бұрын

Looking forward to follow-up videos on TL431 & the switcher IC also. A trick I had picked up from Haseeb Electronics to troubleshoot faulty optocouplers in SMPS is to use a diode on the output of the opto, which helps isolate any feedback circuit issues

@IrishSkruffles 2 жыл бұрын

Hi, could you explain a bit more about adding a diode to the opto output? How does that help to diagnose an issue? I work with SMPS sometimes so it'd be great to learn a new way to find problems :)

@ToniPlays_ 2 жыл бұрын

It's nice to understand how these things work. Sounds complicated but really isn't. Also preparing my moped project for 1.6kw charger integration. So exciting stuff. Great Scott!!

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

You can do it!

@semphony100 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks a lot scot that subject is much clear to me now

@Slushee 2 жыл бұрын

I love this! I have always wanted to make a switching power supply. My next big project is going to be one of these thanks to you. Wish me luck!

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Be careful though

@Slushee 2 жыл бұрын

@@greatscottlab Yes! I watch DiodeGoneWild, and my intention is to make the most absudly safe power supply ever built. If you know who he is, he always critiques PSUs for missing safety features and such. Not going to miss any of those. I will be using overkill air gaps and components, and cables too thick. Thanks for the reminder though!

@MCsCreations 2 жыл бұрын

Pretty interesting! Thanks a lot, dude! 😃 Stay safe and creative there! 🖖😊

@sauritinfo2248 2 жыл бұрын

Great, I was looking for this topic from may days.thanks to German friend from India. 😀😀😀

@my3dprintedlife 2 жыл бұрын

For learning purposes only, smart!

@patstine2741 2 жыл бұрын

Video includes FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER 10/10

@David-zu5tp 2 жыл бұрын

9:24 Full Bridge rectifaiaa Good job GreatScott!!

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks :-)

@lpt2606 2 жыл бұрын

Very informative 👏 thanks

@wgm-en2gx 2 жыл бұрын

As always well presented. Someone below asked about PF correction. Along with that, maybe do a video that turns this into a true power supply with PF correction, filtering, in rush limiting and isolation. That would be an interesting follow up !

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the feedback :-) Let's see what I can do

@electronic7979 2 жыл бұрын

Very helpful video. I liked it 👏

@stormz4040 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you. Your videos are amazing.

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

So nice of you

@ucandiy1898 2 жыл бұрын

Great work! One of the best channels on KZfaq!

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks :-)

@umakanthbojanapalli3240 2 жыл бұрын

Valuable information sir

@SudhirKumar-bq4xz 2 жыл бұрын

Man you are my virtual teacher.... ❤️

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Happy to help!

@dexattech 2 жыл бұрын

Awesome as always ❤️‍🔥

@johnathanasiou9284 2 жыл бұрын

Awesome video GreatScott!. To help newbies who may not be always fully aware of how oscilloscope measurements should be approached especially with mains connected circuits, can you please do a follow-up video showing exactly how you had connected all devices, especially the isolation transformer & scope ground leads. If you can also demonstrate scope differential probes in such situations, this would be super

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

I did a video about how to use an oscilloscope properly. There all those things are explained.

@GeertGoossens 2 жыл бұрын

well despite the fact I know how a SMPS works in theory, I didn't know about the specifics about the transformer windings being opposite and the fact it's basically using the charge / discharge of such transformer... I always thought it was due to high frequency switching that it worked like a regular transformer but was just smaller because of the higher frequencies and the square wave... :)

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

The more you know ;-)

@analoghardwaretops3976 2 жыл бұрын

....windings being opposite... is for " flyback " mode only...also duty cycle cannot/ should not exceed 50%...

@ShinyMajor 2 жыл бұрын

@@analoghardwaretops3976 The flyback can go to as high of a duty cycle as you like within the practical limits of maintaining control, as long as the switching transistor can handle the reflected voltage. I think you're thinking of the forward converter, which is one where you can't exceed 50% with the standard design

@analoghardwaretops3976 2 жыл бұрын

@@ShinyMajor exceeding 50% , the volt/ sec. balance in off- to -on may not be achieved..and can lead to core saturation even in boost/ flyback modes.. leading to gradual residual flux buildup... so when it's @ the extreme limit of the hysterisis curve..the next turn on pulse ..in its first few hundreds of nanosecs.can destroy the sw. with uncontrollable current.. Chips for flybk./ boost have an internal divide by 2 f/f to limit max. duty to 50 % .. example..compare data sheet for internal blk.dia. of 3842/43 or other..

@uditfand817 2 жыл бұрын

very nicely explained

@pierreretief 2 жыл бұрын

Please build a switch mode power supply with all those features you spoke about, the inrush current protection and such. Would be awesome!

@darshandodal1889 2 жыл бұрын

Just at the right time😍🔥... Eagerly waiting for the next video🔥

@EasyOne 2 жыл бұрын

Very well explained ❤

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks a lot 😊

@janosgajda5287 2 жыл бұрын

Great content, as always. Looking forward for the TL431 video!

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Coming soon!

@varunrmallya5369 2 жыл бұрын

"..........with that being said here's the schematic."- the reason I love your videos

@heatsingh2205 2 жыл бұрын

That's if you want to build a professional one users descretion is required

@SFInspector2211 Жыл бұрын

I kept looking at my phone because your background music sounds like one of my ringers. LOL

@BRUXXUS 2 жыл бұрын

Oooh, this is an exciting one!

@samim6523 2 жыл бұрын

I am helping with KZfaq algorithm, I am watching again and again. LOVE YOUR CONTENT

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the help :-)

@samim6523 2 жыл бұрын

@@greatscottlab my pleasure

@berberger4814 2 жыл бұрын

smps design is really a interesting topic

@electromatic2014 2 жыл бұрын

Stay creative , and I will see you next time. Always brings a smile to me, great video as always, only getting better and better

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you! Cheers!

@electroumit 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you. Good work.

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks :-)

@gendragongfly 2 жыл бұрын

Great video, there aren't many video's about propper modern powersupplies out there on KZfaq and reading about the subject tends to get complicated fast 😁

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

@farabielec 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you dear.

@kikihobbyrepair 2 жыл бұрын

Nice informative video as always 😉

@mohammadrezamim272 2 жыл бұрын

Best channel in this topic is DiodeGoneWild.

@ElektronikelAcoustics 2 жыл бұрын

Really a great video as always 👍👍

@gabrieldai88 2 жыл бұрын

1:02 ElectroBoom is proud

@walterwhite237 2 жыл бұрын

Hi GreatScott i would like to see a a video made by you about PFC system on power supply how they work what happen if they fail. thanks for sharing the knowledge!!!

@prathameshraikar5428 2 жыл бұрын

😍😍😍great explanation

@j.chandrashekar8122 2 жыл бұрын

Really great

@Wegetsignal 2 жыл бұрын

Super interesting, as always!

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Glad you think so!

@midnightgadget3459 2 жыл бұрын

At least half of that went over my head. That being said, i was really interested to see whats inside, and how all my 12V DC adaptor power supplies that i use for various projects actually work. Out of curiosity, i would love to see in your opinion what a basic VS a well engineered design would look like for one of these circuits. Would be a nice reference if i ever get curious enough to open some and see if they are high quality units or cheap and nasty. Thanks for the video :P

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the feedback :-) I will see what I can do ;-)

@laboratoryoperationsmanage5079 7 ай бұрын

Most of that went over my head, too...

@JuanCruzAvila 2 жыл бұрын

Loved it!!

@zaedokaudiopk 2 жыл бұрын

Thankyouu sooo muchhh for this contentt ❤️❤️🔥🔥

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

My pleasure 😊

@user-hq2zu4nc7g 7 ай бұрын

great job

@huhufbez 2 жыл бұрын

🤩🤩 Good work 🔥🔥

@AnilChoudhary244 2 жыл бұрын

From all of your video, this is the first video which i felt has less content and knowledge. I think it can get more informative... Apart from this, i love your video, always get something to learn.... Thank you sir.... ☺

@rinokentie8653 2 жыл бұрын

Very interesting (again) !

@insoft_uk 2 жыл бұрын

That TL431 sure gets around a lot.

@lernenmitrobin 2 жыл бұрын

nice video as usual! maybe you like to talk about LLC (resonant converter) in one of your next videos.

@swapnilbandgar8730 2 жыл бұрын

I m following last 2-3 years... and learn a lot from every video... also tried many circuits... please make next video on TL431...

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for watching :-) I hope I will get to the TL431 video soon.

@susmittayade4643 2 жыл бұрын

Nice video !!! Really loved it!!! Will you make a detailed video how these power electronics produce harmonics in systems and their remedies??

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Watch my video about power forms.

@kdcreativity6201 2 жыл бұрын

finally a video on smps🤩🤩😘. thanks :)

@koukouzee2923 2 жыл бұрын

I started getting into electronics lately and I really like it I want to make a circuit to convert dc (batteries ) to ac for high voltage transformers And I'm really struggling with such simple circuit xD I learned about zvs but it's too complicated for me

@forhadahmed4643 Жыл бұрын

great teacher

@sekiko7183 2 жыл бұрын

This is great!

@mirko4757 2 жыл бұрын

Feel like a traitor for missing out on your content lately, you still do an amazing job but I have a long way to become an engineer(like 2 years)

@selvamks6149 2 жыл бұрын

I was looking for a video like this, it was helpful to know about SMPS circuit. could you explain how to create an SMPS circuit in order to power IOT projects.

@mohali7027 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for all your videos could you make video about welding inverter system and explain how does it work

@sarankarthik3474 2 жыл бұрын

Eagerly waiting for it and the outcome is lot more informative good one dude keep it up

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, will do!

@ibrahimsalihcil1216 2 жыл бұрын

Great content. Now it's time to get into the details. e.g. feedback and snubber network design.

@greatscottlab 2 жыл бұрын

That's the plan! The videos for that are on my to do list :-)

@analoghardwaretops3976 2 жыл бұрын

5 minuter ago..., My reply to " 69 IQ TUTORIAL" may be of interest to you...

@dreamcat4 2 жыл бұрын

thanks for the explanation! a very well done video and it really de mystified these cheaper SMPS designs for me. BTW for a good bridge rectifier Steve SDG Electronics recently did a video and found a pretty good one. Then also add some missing movs and other protections etc. and it is well on the way to become a really nice open source design. That can be adjusted somewhat the specs to suit the needs of the specific usage. Maybe with the extra work it could also be reviewed by one or two other electronics youtubers, to get further feedback and that could be really fun for everybody to participate in. But heh! No need for doing any of that! ...its just a silly idea really. I guess another fun part would be to compare the BoM costs and the overall quality against a commercially sold ones. Like a Meanwell for example. But it would first take some further significant development iterations. Before being able to get to that stage of things