How to guess Ukrainian and Polish words? Part 1

How to guess Ukrainian and Polish words? Part 1 | Polish subs

Рет қаралды 6,240

Күн бұрын

#guesstheword #polish #ukrainian #slavic #languagecomparison #linguistics
Polish and Ukrainian are both Slavic languages, and they share a lot of similarities in vocabulary. There are many systematic correspondences that allow you to convert a Polish word into Ukrainian, even if they are spelled and pronounced quite differently. Knowing these rules will help you to learn Polish or Ukrainian quicker and memorize new words forever.
This video is about the main correspondences for vowels.
Support my channel on Patreon: / authling
Special thanks to Michał for his Polish audio samples!
Photos from Unsplash: Taras Zaluzhnyi, Daria Krav, Eugene, Glib Albovsky, Ostap Senyuk, Wojtek Kwiatkowski, Anastasiia Chepinska.
00:00 Introduction
01:08 i and y
02:06 ia
02:35 o and ó
03:47 io and ió
04:18 ro/ró and ło/łó
05:30 ą and ę
06:42 Questions

Пікірлер: 118

@nickwysoczanskyj785 9 ай бұрын

I love how systematic the sound changes are, for the most part. I look forward to the consonants video. I think that, with a little practice ‘getting my ear in’ I could understand more Polish.

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

Good luck! Are you now more comfortable with Polish or Ukrainian?

@nickwysoczanskyj785 9 ай бұрын

@@AuthLing I’m much more familiar with Ukrainian, but I’ve long been interested in Polish, because I know that the lexical similarity to Ukrainian us so high. And over the past 15-16 months I’ve got to know a lot of Poles, both in Wales and across Europe, through the response to the full-scale invasion.

@nikolacristoff 9 ай бұрын

Trzeba także zauważyć i to, że "l" jest miękką literą, tak że jeśli po niej idzie "a", to w języku ukraińskim będzie "i". Las = ліс Latać = літати Lato = літо

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

Absolutely! Also, lo = ле, lą/lę = ля. Next, rz is historically soft, so rza = рі, rzo = ре, rzą/rzę = ря. I will cover consonants in the second video, so I will talk about the soft L and RZ.

@nikolacristoff 9 ай бұрын

@@AuthLing zapomniałem o tym napisać. Generalnie też zajmowałem się systematyzacją odpowiedników i myślałem też o nagraniu filmiku na ten temat (tylko dodając jeszcze język białoruski). Ale nie sądzę, żebym mógł zrobić to lepiej niż Pan (pod względem jakości dźwięku i prezentacji materiału). Chciałem tylko zapytać, jakie Pan zna języki (jest to ciekawe dla mnie, żebym także mógł komunikować z Panem w najbardziej wygodny sposób)? Życzę nowych subskrybentów i powodzenia w dalszym rozwoju kanału!

@SzalonyKucharz 8 ай бұрын

L w polszczyźnie nie jest obowiązkowo miękkie, a co nawyżej iotyzowane w słowach takich jak lis na przykład. To jest dość charakterystyczne w porównaniu z językami wschodniosłowiańskimi, gdzie jest wyraźna dystynkcja pomiędzy ль а л, ta druga głoska wymawiana jako l ciemne, czy inaczej welaryzowane. Z wyjątkiem samogłoski i następującej po l, w każdym innym przypadku l wymawiane jest twardo, tak samo jak ł: las, a nie ljes, lubić, a nie ljiubity, ludzie a nie ljiudy, lody a nie liody (we lwowskiej gwarze)

@ArtemDowgaluk-Kowalski 8 ай бұрын

@@SzalonyKucharztutaj panom chodziło raczej bardziej o to, że l nadal funkcjonuje w polskim jako miękka litera, chociaż już taką prawie nie jest. Zmiana jej wymowy zaszła w latach 30-ch XX wieku (jeżeli dobrze pamiętam). Wcześniej l i ł były wymawiane identycznie jak ukraińskie ль і л, i w PRL-u owa stara wymowa była uważana za jedyną prawidłową

@RNHJZ Ай бұрын

Actually by examles I'm not sure Las = L:as Latać = L'atach Lato = L'at(o/a) That's no how it translates (I would glad to have that easy but take the word "М'ЯЧ" (quite similar to a couple of those you mentioned) and the world will mean either sword or ball. Iknow we can understand each other, but your rull sounds a bit off for me

@Artur_M. 9 ай бұрын

Great video, I'll be sure to watch it multiple times! BTW I just learned that 'comb' in Ukrainian is 'гребінець', which is clearly a cognate of Polish 'grzebień' but (in addition to regular sound differences) has a different suffix. But it got me thinking: I bet that there's something in Polish called 'grzebieniec', like a moutain or a species of mushroom. And I've found a village and a genus of bats. 😁

@vexillonerd 9 ай бұрын

"Гребінь" (hrebiń) is also a word.

@Artur_M. 9 ай бұрын

@@vexillonerd Good to know. Thanks!

@gaukharbokanova3860 9 ай бұрын

I like your videos about Slavic languages and I'm looking forward for part 2 of this 🇵🇱 x 🇺🇦 comparison 😊

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

Thank you! I plan to return to this topic after a little pause.

@kyrylopyrshev4578 9 ай бұрын

While I understand both Polish and Ukrainian, Polish is still hard for me. Sometimes i even struggle reading in Polish, but I understand when someone talks to me. Remembering the new words comes from using them ;)

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

I started learning Polish with two audiobooks: The Hobbit and The Witcher. This radically improved my listening comprehension because I was already familiar with both stories and they were easy to follow. Now I am practicing with my Polish friend and I feel like my political vocabulary is expanding 😊

@woytzekbron7635 8 ай бұрын

The case of pairs like wrona - vorona, krowa - korova, comes from that protoslavic was vorna, korva with long o, most of other slavic langs went for vrana, krava. this trend in early middle ages is called "przestawka", like transgression I think. The archaic forms you can find in Hungarian borrowed forms like: borna - pol. brona - agriculture tool, serda - sroda - pol. wednesday, kulcs - klucz, a key and some more

@andrzejmikolajczyk9561 9 ай бұрын

That's interesting. I try to learn some basic Ukrainian (I'm Polish). Listening to Ukrainian helps,, I have the immpression that I understand more and more the more I listen to it :) I have to get myself together and learn cyrilic alphabet though.

@hdjeq18sdg 9 ай бұрын

Good luck 🇺🇦🇵🇱❤️

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

I would not recommend Duolingo for any serious purpose.

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

Good luck with learning Ukrainian! I am planning to make a video about the Ukrainian Cyrillic alphabet in a couple of months.

@magnum_fennec 8 ай бұрын

Ce čudovo! Do reči v ukrajins'kij movi takož je latynka)

@volkhen0 7 ай бұрын

You can learn Cyrillic in few hours.

@Ivanna_Ptaha 8 ай бұрын

I am a Ukrainian native speaker, but I learned Polish as other Slavic languages some of these patterns I found during teaching Ukranian to Polish speakers, but another I just felt. Thank you for this informative video.

@SebaCOYG 9 ай бұрын

Cool video, keep up the good work 😜

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

Thanks, will do!

@_kukaracha_ 8 ай бұрын

🇺🇦🤝🏻🇵🇱 Дякую за творчість! Вдачі та бережіть себе.

@lithium3201 9 ай бұрын

Knowing this feature helped me a lot with the comprehension of Polish speech at the time. Now, it's helping me to learn the Czech language since a lot of those and other similar patterns often occur in it (as well as in Slovak): (Ą = OU = Ú) Jsou - Są - Sú Soud - Są - Súd Táhnout - Cięgnąć - ❌️ (RZ = Ř = R(i)) Rzeka - Řeka - Rieka - Rika Rzecz - Řeč - Reč - Ricz (false friends) Przyjaciel - Přátel - Priateľ - Pryjateľ (ĽU = LU = LÍ (LI)) Lidé - Ludzi - Ľúdí - Ľude Oblíbený - Ulubiony - Obľúbený - Uľublenyj Čití - Czutťa And so on

@pozetiv4ik-iwnl-673 9 ай бұрын

Great video !

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

Thanks! Consider sharing it on social networks.

@trykutnik9583 8 ай бұрын

Good video. I will wait for the comparison belarusian and polish

@hinatwinz917 7 ай бұрын

Make part 2 now

@zheka7691 9 ай бұрын

will try to use this in reverse, to more easily communicate with fellow poles. Before that i just spoke Ukrainian with "Polish pronunciation" and it somehow worked😁

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

Yes, many rules in my video also work in reverse.

@wayfaringspacepoet 9 ай бұрын

"speaking Ukrainian with Polish pronunciation" is how Ukrainian diaspora in Poland has always spoken in my experience, especially the ones who ended up migrating to North America where there's now a large community of them

@MiroslavOstapenko 8 ай бұрын

@@wayfaringspacepoetIf you are Pole, is it fine or annoying for you?

@volkhen0 7 ай бұрын

@@MiroslavOstapenkoit’s nothing. We think about it as first step to learn a language. Obviously a person who speaks like it will learn more and more of true Polish.

@blinski1 4 ай бұрын

@@MiroslavOstapenko For me it's cool as an attempt of trying to communicate easier with limited measures.

@pozetiv4ik-iwnl-673 9 ай бұрын

Would you consider making a video about interslavic language? (Medžuslovjansky jezyk) I know Ukrainian and Russian and therefore I can fully understand interslavic

@dmitryche8905 8 ай бұрын

Есть же канал по междуславянскому. А у этого канала другое целеполагание.

@kyzma4444 8 ай бұрын

Nah, cuz this "language" made by russians with so many mistakes

@Karbon545 8 ай бұрын

ahahaha. Nice joke, bro. I've never thought that Jan van Steenbergen and Vojtěch Merunka are Russians.

@kyzma4444 8 ай бұрын

@@Karbon545 how the fk this can be interslavic, while most of vocabulary and grammar just specific russian? In which world lmao.

@dmitryche8905 8 ай бұрын

@@kyzma4444 Začto počto kako stvoril se onogo języka, potom pišite svoje glupy

@darkodraco 5 ай бұрын

When will next time be :(

@jacekskrzymowski6715 8 ай бұрын

An interesting exception is that być does not have counterpart byty as the latter means bić. So in this case we hadmvw shift from y to u: buty.

@Pidalin 8 ай бұрын

As a Czech, I would be totaly lost, like does it mean byt or být or bič or byť or what the hell? 😀

@SzalonyKucharz 8 ай бұрын

@@PidalinByć = to be; bić = to beat. But these to verbs will be confusing only in infinite and past forms. "I am" and "I beat" would be as cheese and chalk (jestem / biję)

@Pidalin 8 ай бұрын

@@SzalonyKucharz If my sources don't lie: být (to be) - być byt (apartment/flat) - mieszkanie (but that sounds more general to me, like bydlení in Czech) bič (whip) - bicz byť (although??/even though???) - chociaż/mimo że???? Some of these words are pretty hard to find out because there is a lot of synonimes in each languages and google translator totaly doesn't care about diacritics, when you type byt or být or byť, it always says "to be" which is nonsense obviously.

@SzalonyKucharz 8 ай бұрын

@@Pidalin Mieszkanie generally means 'apartment', while the more general place of abode would be 'miejsce zamieszkania'. Byt in Polish means existence/being, as in Kundera's Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí = Nieznośna lekkość bytu. Odbyt however means the end part of the digestive system, so nieznośna lekkość odbytu would be something one feels when their number two was so massive they now feel empty inside. 😀 Perhaps by chociaż / mimo że you meant bądź which can be used to mean alternative: ten bądź tamten = this one or that one.

@Pidalin 8 ай бұрын

@@SzalonyKucharz you probably know more about my language than me 😀

@hamsterg0d 8 ай бұрын

Finished a Duolingo course in Russian, Ukrainian and almost done with Polish. This makes sense.

@sergiykernytsky719 9 ай бұрын

Can you also do a video on Ukrainian vs Rusyn? Or Ukrainian vs Ruthenian (Old Ukrainian) or Old East Slavic or Russian?

@glib4571 9 ай бұрын

Ukrainian is Rusyn, it’s the historical name of the Ukrainian language. If you mean the Transcarpathian variety of Rusyn, then it’s better to refer to it as Carpathoruthenian or Rusnak.

@vexillonerd 9 ай бұрын

Rusyn languages are: Ukrainian, Galician Rusyn and Carpathian Rusyn. Rusyn = Ruthenian. So, in this case, Ukrainian (Rusyn/Ruthenian) vs Rusnak (Carpathian Rusyn/Ruthenian).

@glib4571 9 ай бұрын

@@vexillonerd that’s my point. Rusyn is an ancient etnonym applied initially to Kyiv, Chernihiv and Pereyaslav, later also to Galicia, Volhynia and Transcarpathia. But in Transcarpathia it appeared mostly in a changed form: “Rusnak”. Whereas “Rusyn” was much later borrowed from Galicia, which shows that the locals identified themselves as a part of the Rusyn (in modern terms “Ukrainian”, which in majority replaced the name “Ruthenian/Rusyn”) ethnicity. Calling them “Rusyn languages” though is quite controversial, because they aren’t different languages, they are dialect groups of the same entity. The urge to call them distinct languages has mostly been driven by the neighbours for whom the idea of separating a huge regional rival onto smaller pieces seems fairly beneficial.

@vexillonerd 9 ай бұрын

@@glib4571 Ерун are different languages. I am Galician Rusyn and even my dialect is not the same as Ukrainian.

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

Thanks for the idea but I am only a little bit familiar with Rusyn. By the way, the Štefan song by Hrdza is awesome!

@tecnein 8 ай бұрын

Ćekavno, néhto jubaći moja obsudžená🤔. Me sylno podobaju se slavánini rážy, ja śitaí nih brza glydimi. Moj konlang tuž ime nav vsekostov iz é voshodeslaváninimi, iz é zapadeslaváninimi. Vsekost takože prysutyčuj jugeslaváninimi rážemi, ale tylqi népolnegolosóm é kontextom(w néktory slučajáh)

@romaszkin 9 ай бұрын

I Polish 😃

@ForAllGoodThings 3 ай бұрын

Often yon can change Ukranian word to Polishand vice versa just moving the accent)

@ksiezycowybobr1334 9 ай бұрын

I'm polish learning this "лірд шіт подльсїе " language... мені потребно більше.

@k1nda990 8 ай бұрын

No waaay I’m Ukrainian that’s mind blowing I gonna be pro in Polish

@tramvajtramvajevic9247 9 ай бұрын

You haven't mentioned that polish ie corresponds to ukrainian e and polish e corresponds to ukrainian o if it is not a borrowed word: sen - son, młotek - molotok

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

I thought for a moment that you had read my original script! I have finally decided to move ie, fugitive "e" and consonants to the second video. These two rules for vowels are more complicated than the others.

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

The Polish ie can correspond to either "e" or "i" in Ukrainian. 1. It is usually "e" in Ukrainian if this was "e" in Proto-Slavic: ciepły - теплий, but may be "i" in closed syllables: potrzebny - потрібний. 2. It is "i" in Ukrainian when it was "ě" (ять) in Proto-Slavic: biegać - бігати. 3. It is fugitive "e" when it was ь in Proto-Slavic: pies/psa - пес/пса. Finally, fugitive "e" in Polish corresponds to "o" in Ukrainian that is usually fugitive: sen/snu - сон/сну.

@tramvajtramvajevic9247 9 ай бұрын

@@AuthLing yeah, I've forgot about źwierzę - zvir, but you did it right

@wladjarosz345 8 ай бұрын

"uwaga - pesi!" means NOT "warning - dogs!"

@kamrat_ett1722 9 ай бұрын

Why is л transliterated as ł?

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

I am using Polish spelling for Ukrainian, so л is ł and ль is l. Also, в is w.

@kamrat_ett1722 9 ай бұрын

@@AuthLing Could you tell me why? Why not just "l", since Ль is pronounced as /lʲ/ and ł is pronounced as /w/? I understand в as w because they both are pronounced like /v/.

@Elen2332. 9 ай бұрын

@@kamrat_ett1722as far as I know, ł sounds like a cross between a v and a hard l. Therefore, it sounds closer to л and l to ль, respectively. This is how these letters are used in the Belarusian Latin alphabet: ł to denote a hard л, and l for ль.

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

@@kamrat_ett1722 I can see two possible questions here. 1. Why my video is using the Polish spelling for Ukrainian? I am comparing Ukrainian to Polish. The Ukrainian language does not have a standard Latin spelling (unlike Belarusian), so I chose the Polish conventions that allows viewers to see same sounds spelled in the same way in both languages. 2. Why Polish spelling uses L for /l/ and Ł for /w/? Both letters were proposed in 1440 when Ł sounded like the hard Л /ɫ/ in Ukrainian. The letter L was chosen for the soft L because it is acoustically closer to the clear European L. By the way, the Ukrainian в /ʋ/ never sounds like the Polish w. The Ukrainian в usually sounds like the sound in between the Polish "w" /v/ and "ł" /w/. See the Wikipedia article below. The Ukrainian в also sounds like [w] in certain positions, like був [buw]. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant

@plrc4593 9 ай бұрын

@@kamrat_ett1722 Because etymology of ł and л is the same. ł used to represent the same consonant as л, but the pronunciation changed.

@militaryman111 9 ай бұрын

You should make some comparisons with Russian.

@LordDamianus 9 ай бұрын

Why are you comparing Polish to Ukrainian? These two languages aren't even close. Polish is West Slavic, while Ukrainian is East Slavic.

@kebi7792 8 ай бұрын

Are you rеtаrdеd or what? Thanks to common history and frequent loaning, Ukrainian and Belorusian are two of the closest languages to Polish.

@LordDamianus 8 ай бұрын

@@kebi7792 Nope. They're still closer to Russian.

@HeroManNick132 8 ай бұрын

@@LordDamianus Z propaganda is strong. But according to linguists Russian and Ukrainian share 62% similarities, while Ukrainian and Polish share 70%. Russian and Bulgarian share 73% similarities so stop talking crap. Also Russian doesn't have soft ''ЦЬ'' either so what is this crap?

@LordDamianus 8 ай бұрын

@@HeroManNick132 Grammatically, Ukrainian is still closer to Russian than to Polish.

@SzalonyKucharz 8 ай бұрын

@@LordDamianusHow exactly is one Slavic language grammatically closer to another Slavic language than yet another Slavic language? With the exception of Bulgarian, Slavic languages share basically the same grammar, the main difference between them being vocabulary and phonology. This video shows you how to translate phonological differences between Polish and Ukrainian and thus discover similarities in vocabulary, which make Russian language the odd one compared to Polish and Ukrainian. Dziękuję za uwagę / Дякую за увагу/ Спасибo за вниманне

@HeroManNick132 9 ай бұрын

I think since you Romanized Ukrainian it will be nice if you did the same to Polish but in Cyrillic. I know this will be controversial but if you have used the Ukrainian based Cyrillic for this video it will look like that: lis - лiс piwo - пiво dym - дим ryba - риба siła - шiла miły - мiли bić - бiчь myć - мичь list - лiст pisać - пiсачь miasto - място świat - шьвят siarka - шярка biały - бяли miara - мяра siano - шяно nos - нос ból - бóль doba - доба gora - ґóра dom - дом kot - кот koza - коза noga - ноґа koń - конь sól - сóль pole - полe koło - коло siostra - шьостра pióro - пьóро kozioł - кожьол przedmiot - пжедмьот wiosna - вьосна miód - мьод broda - брода mróz - мрóз głos - глос główny - глóвни krowa - крова podróż - подрóж młotek - млотек włos - влос wrona - врона król - кроль słony - слони słodki - слодкi ząb - зѫб (sim: зомб) ręka - рѧка (sim: ренка) wziąć - вжѭчь (sim: вжьончь) imię - iмѩ (sim: имєу) wąski - вѫскi (sim: вонскi) kąpać - кѫпачь (sim: компачь) następny - настѧмни (sim: настемпни) zęby - зѧби (sim: земби) miesiąc - мєшѭц (sim: мєшьонц) pociąg - почѭг (sim: почьонг) pamiętać - памѩтачь (sim: памєнтачь) pięć - пѩчь (sim: пєнчь) sąd - сѫд (sim: сонд) będę - бѧдѧ (sim: бендеу) ciągnąć - чѭгнѫчь (sim: чьоньгноньчь) mięso - мѩсо (sim: мєньсо) I'm still not sure about the nasal vowels but what do you think of this idea?

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

You did a great job, thanks a lot! I think that cyrillization of Polish would be very useful for Ukrainians learning Polish. It helps to see cognates and it is also easier to read for Ukrainians. I also agree that cyrillization of Polish is controversial because the Russian Empire tried to switch Polish to Cyrillic after neutralizing the January Uprising.

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

I love that you used the old Slavic letters ѫ ѧ for the Polish nasal vowels. It's true that modern Polish denasalized them, so ząb = зомб, wąs = воŋс, but it is arguably more elegant to write ciągnąć as тѭгнѫть than тёгноньть.

@AuthLing 9 ай бұрын

I would render Polish soft consonants this way: - ś = сь - ź = зб - ć = ть - dź = дь - rz = рь This helps to see the corresponding Ukrainian cognates (ciemny = темны) and agrees with morphological alternations (kot - o kocie, кот - о коте).

@Pidalin 8 ай бұрын

He "romanized" Ukrainian obviously to make it readable for everyone, using cyrillic for Polish doesn't make any sense since video is for whole world, not only for people who can read cyrillic and also, there is nothing like official Polish cyrillic, so nobody could read that anyway 😀

@HeroManNick132 8 ай бұрын

@@Pidalin I'm sorry but I'm pretty sure this Polonised version can't be readen as well as the one from Google translate that looks uglier. You are just Cyrillic hater, admit it! You act like American cause you like them you have to learn only 1 thing instead of 2 like us. I see you are not any different from them. Also sorry to offend you but there is no other script that is more boring than the Latin script. I'm pretty sure that Americans can't read Ł without being pronounced as L or like Č without be K. The problem is Latin alphabet has so many modifications and like some letters - C and J can be pronounced in many ways. C can be pronounced as K, S, TS or even like English J. J can be pronounced like Dzh, Zh, Y, H so tell me how this is not confusing? And not to mention with diphthongs like SCH, CZ, CH is confused af. Cyrillic alphabet doesn't this crap. Even if you hate Cyrillic alphabet it's way more phonetic than this Latin shit that you are used to it.

@bartoszwojciechowski2270 9 ай бұрын

All East Slavic languages, including Ukrainian, underwent pleophony, while West Slavic and South Slavic did not: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_liquid_metathesis_and_pleophony pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C5%82nog%C5%82os Also, Ukrainian doesn't devoice its final obstruents, unlike most other Slavic languages, so it is /moroz/, not */moros/, unlike in Polish where "mróz" is devoiced to /mrus/. And where Polish has /g/ in native words, Ukrainian has /ɦ/. /g/ occurs only in loanwords from Polish and some Latin and Greek words.

@mykhailouvarov4405 9 ай бұрын

Not exactly. Russian language has two competing layers of lexic. The first one is Eastern slavic, and the second one is southern. So even one protoslavic root may be represented in two options, depending on the exact word. For example... bEREg - coast. PribREžnyj - coastal. Or gOLOva - head, gLAvnyj - main, leading. Some words are completely of southern origin, having no pleophonic forms, like vRAg (ukrainian vOROg), sLAdkij (ukrainian sOLOdkyj) and so on (find if you want). Southern influence can be found in using a particla "da" (not "yes") as a marker of future tense or imperative mood. For example "da znal by ja" - "if I knew". It's completely a southern construction. However, the point was pleophonia so it's not a vivid marker of all east slavic languages, but of the part of them.

@bartoszwojciechowski2270 9 ай бұрын

@@mykhailouvarov4405 but they're simple borrowings from South Slavic. it doesn't mean that they are a proof that pleophony is partial or incomplete in East Slavic. Lexical borrowings are not taken into consideration at all when analysing historical phonological processes. And yes, ALL East Slavic languages underwent pleophony, lexical borrowings from Old Church Slavonic appeared much later, when the process of pleophony had already been complete.

@dvv18 9 ай бұрын

@@mykhailouvarov4405In your example "да знал бы я", *да* has nothing to do with either imperative or future tense - it's just an emphasizer here.

@Vithimerius 9 ай бұрын

The Pannonian Rusyn microlanguage does not have pleophony (due to its East Slovak origins). But some people still mistakenly consider it East Slavic (a dialect of Ukrainian or Carpatho-Rusyn). Mainly because of its endonym "руски язик".