Hi David, please pin this message. There are lots of incorrect statements and misunderstandings in your video. Please indulge me by writing this up as a paper so that we can debate this properly as academics. BTW, I have never claimed anything about lost civilisations etc. I thought you knew this from reading my book. And to answer your question, yes, there are professional astronomers who are quite happy with my interpretation and statistical analysis.

_No other hypothesis even need be explored._ Wow, that's confidence, especially given the mountain of problems with all of this, a number of which you did not even touch on. Another fascinating video.

This whole weird exercise just feels like one of those kids' magic tricks where you get someone to think of a number, then get them to do a series of sums using it that cancel eachother out, then 'guess' what number they've now got. He goes through all these convoluted steps and stages, but ultimately his whole argument rests of him looking at some carvings and thinking they look a bit like constellations. Every other part of the argument is built on that.

Dr Miano is incredibly patient with a chemist with no history studies and a pseudo-scientific hypothesis.

Alarm bells should start ringing loudly in your ears whenever someone claims something is, "probably the most important ancient artefact in the world". I may be prepared to accept that, "this pillar is probably the most important artefact at Gobekli Tepe." To imply more, I think, is hubris and reveals a great deal about the claimant.

im 46 and you are my new favorite history teacher👍

I'm a lurker, excellent as always. I'm stunned that this drivel got past the peer review. I've reviewed papers in my own field that are bad and recommended to the editor to toss them out, but none of them were as bad as this stuff appears to be. Thank you for working to tap down conspiracy theorists.

I'm not a statistician, but the bit where he's discussing his second statistical test (from about 1:10:30 onward in this video) sounds very much like a literal description of 'P-Hacking'- a dishonest statistical technique where you do a statistical test then look for excuses to exclude all the data that doesn't match your hypothesis in order to make it look like it was confirmed. He's effectively moving the goalposts until he manages to score and basically admits that's what he's doing.

Great stuff. As a Catholic, I sometimes sit in Church and wonder if one day someone in the far future will declare the altar and cross a sign of some ancient energy generation system, or assign some astrological dating system to how we arrange the statues.

This is the most thorough and savage takedown of stone 43 hysteria that I have ever seen. I am in awe. Aside from the details of the stone and how they might be interpreted... Why would it occur to anyone that a stone would be used as a time capsule in the first place? ...never mind the absurdity of documenting an event that happened 1,400 years earlier. The sculpting is very unimpressive when compared to other stones at Gobekli Teppe. It's a hack job, save for the spider/scorpion thing. If I had to guess anything about this stone, it would be that a bad artist was commissioned, but then replaced halfway through. Anyway....well done. Damn

An argument that a depiction of an animal corresponds to a constellation should show how the brightest stars of that part of the sky map to features of the depiction - not the "stick figure" lines, which are not only modern, but also arbitrary.

Great video. An honest and objective rebuttal of some remarkably spurious and unsupported arguments about the Zodiac. How did a statistical argument like that get published?

This is my favorite series of yours. I enjoy the travels but this is ammunition people need to push back against the misinformation of pseudoscience channels. These pseudoscience channels can be really convincing if you don't already have a knowlegeable background in the subject being discussed. Thank you!

You’re such an underrated channel! Keep fighting the good war against pseudoscience!

I have a graduate certificate in statistics from a highly regarded program (I basically have 75% of a masters in statistics), and the fact that this got published in an academic journal is one of the most appalling things I’ve ever seen. If I had used his statistical design in one of my homework assignments, I would have failed the assignment and likely would have been invited to meet to discuss my dubious ability to remain in the program. I don’t even need to broach problems with his actual analysis of that fatally flawed design. He’s also disingenuous, at best, regarding his belief in highly advanced prehistoric civilization(s); he’s either misleading his fans or Dr. Miano about that. Edit: I just heard the part where you asked if anyone with knowledge of stats could address this. Briefly, I agree with all the criticism you levied at his work. You are correct about the inappropriate conflation of two unrelated studies to yield a more impressive result, as he attempted to do with the cave analysis combined with the Gobleki Tepe one. He definitely introduced a lot of selection bias, as well, by discarding results he didn’t like - as you discussed. In addition, he doesn’t concretely define his null hypothesis, and the way he presents his results is improper as he provides no p-values or other statistics, although I understand it’s for a lay audience and I assume they were present in his paper. To me, though, the most egregious sin he appears to commit is that what I believe he’s done is to find out when each constellation would have appeared on each of the 4 equinox/solstice days, found the carbon dates that most closely aligned with them, then calculated the differences. If this were actual science, he would have determined the year range each day (not all 4 days) each constellation painting represented first, then compared it to the carbon dated result. There is absolutely no predictive power in his design if I’m correctly assuming what he’s done. I don’t see how he could have even designed it in a predictive manner, because there’s no way to tell if the painter was representing the summer solstice or the spring equinox, for example. Ultimately, that doesn’t matter, because we know those paintings aren’t what he claims them to be, anyway. This was very interesting - thank you for covering it. I admit I’m angry he’s receiving support for his nonsense, though. Edit 2: I couldn’t help myself. I had to go a read his papers. I am shocked, although I suppose I shouldn’t be. There is no more scientific or statistical rigor present than in the videos you showed - there is no actual statistical analysis. I was correct in my assumptions about his cave analysis: “For each animal symbol… we find the associated solstice or equinox corresponding to that animal, whichever is closest to the calibrated radiocarbon date.” He then has the gall to claim that the dates he has found on his constellation software cannot be correlated to the radiocarbon dates unless his hypothesis is correct! Of course they’re correlated! He correlated them as closely as possible in his design! Both of his articles are in open access journals - I’m so relieved they aren’t in legitimate academic journals because I would have lost faith in academia. By the way, he also claims that the cave paintings in Chauvet were created circa 34,000 BC [sic]. 🤦🏽‍♀️

It's a morning tradition to rewatch World of Antiquity videos! 💙 You can always go back to good content!!!

At first I thought you were a bit too harsh, but the more I listened to your critiques the more I have to agree with your critical examinations....nice work...there may have been a complex star map message written on those pillars but for anyone other than those who built the complex themselves it will be a bit of a subjective undertaking....

I have found myself mystified by Hancock's claims. This channel has really helped to ground me and show me that the claims are meant to be lavish and intoxicating. I really appreciate this work and you've made a subscriber out of me. Thank you so much.

I have a PhD in Physics myself. I have made contributions in other fields besides physics (neuroscience, economics) and I believe that physics training allow you think in a very original ways in other areas of knowledge. But this particular contribution is full of fallacies and errors in thinking that are pretty obvious. I will make a video myself on this but I agree with most of the rebuttal in this video. Well done.

A compliment for this video: I am not very familiar with your channel -- so I don't know what you focus on or emphasize in your videos. I merely followed your rigorous critique of UnchartedX and found it wildly informative and now this: it is lovely to see into academic discussion of Gobekli Tepe / Archaeology ; informative and entertaining. I will be watching more of your videos. Thank you very much.

Dr. Miano, you know I appreciate your videos, but the ones I love the most are the ones were you debunk silly theories, and misleading information that is out there on KZfaq. The more, the better. It is much appreciated!

Good morning David! I was just reading a Twitter conversation between two “lost history “ types. They were discussing Gobekli Tepe and this video came up. One said “I know it wasn’t that vulture cult or bird cult - that’s just ridiculous.” The other said “ what do you think it is then?” The response? ‘I’m not sure, but it’s definitely way older than what he’s proposing…” You’re not sure, but you know it’s way older? Oh boy… The comments you must receive. Today’s video is brought to you by Tylenol, for when you have a really tough headache…

To know that there was a time when it was common enough to see vultures feasting on human heads that they made carvings about it is really something. You know I hear they go for the soft tissue first, the eyes and stuff..? Ok, where was I? Oh yes, another great video Dr. Dave! Thanks!

I have to applaud you David for being able to watch Sweatman's video to the end, I tried to about a year ago and couldn't get past the multiple compounded assumptions, after about 10-15 it drove me nuts. How many assumptions does one need to create a hypothesis before it becomes so ridiculous as to border on nothing more than faith based nonsense. When I first heard Hancock's ideas I was intrigued, but Sweatman's video got me started on the path to sanity as I began to disassemble both his and Hancock's ideas. At least, Hancock's material is more entertaining and believable and hence more damaging for archaeology. Perhaps you should take on some of Hancock's ideas. At any rate, thanks for the painstaking time and effort it must have required to wade through this assumption based pseudo science hypothesis of Sweatman's. Dimitrios S. Dendrinos has written some material with some compelling rational which challenges the dating of Gobekli Tepe, since Dendrinos' arguments are compelling it opens questions for me. Since I have been duped before, I was wondering if you'd consider reading his material and think about whether or not it's worth your time and effort to address in a video. Thank you, I believe this is the chronological order of the papers www.academia.edu/download/51472615/A_Primer_on_Gobekli_Tepe_pdf.pdf www.academia.edu/download/50619849/Gobekli_Tepe_a_6th_millennium_BC_monument_pdf.pdf www.plutorules.com/uploads/7/2/6/8/72681811/dating_gobekli_tepe_september_19_2016.pdf www.researchgate.net/profile/Dimitrios_Dendrinos/publication/318900114_Gobekli_Tepe_Tell_Qaramel_Tell_Es-Sultan_Why_is_Gobekli_Tepe_a_6_th_millennium_BC_site_and_Evolution_of_Early_Neolithic_Architecture/links/59840071aca272a947c9a726/Gobekli-Tepe-Tell-Qaramel-Tell-Es-Sultan-Why-is-Gobekli-Tepe-a-6-th-millennium-BC-site-and-Evolution-of-Early-Neolithic-Architecture.pdf

The moment where he claims only 1 in 20 million combinations of animal patters would be "as good as what we see" floored me. I genuinely think that literally any of those millions of possible configurations of animals would have led him to the exact same conclusions, because you can see literally any pattern you want to see in a bunch of stars if you want it hard enough. Had the scorpion and the 'goose' been switched, he just would have stated that the scorpion obviously represented Libra and the goose represented Scorpio, and the chances of this occurring by coincidence would have been minimal.

I didn’t realize how long this was and I was happy it flew by. Thank you for your research. Looking forward to further “debate.”

The real star here is our Mythbuster Professor, thanks again although my brain hurts a bit! Interesting statistic nearly one in ten people who viewed made a comment!

Just listening to Sweatwoods arguments on their own, even without the excellent rebuttal here, I’m just kind of shocked people are convinced by these things. Like the shoddy statistical analysis alone is a massive red flag, but his attempt to create a complete zodiac from European cave art and Gobleki Tepi really feels… Frankly crazy. It’s a rather absurd argument. It’s unfortunate people prey on others innate sense of curiosity with this pseudoscience in order to sell their books. I’m sure as an academic he realizes these ideas do not hold much muster and can only survive in popular media, like the book he continuously asks people to read even in this comment section. It’s really unfortunate.

I love your work. Finally I found rational channel with scientific approach. I'm tired of those ancient alien technologies. It's just a stone pillars with scenes from our ancestor lifes.

For anyone wondering how in the world Dr. Sweatman got this published. Both journals are open access. There’s no way he would have been published in a legitimate academic journal or withstood *legitimate* peer review.

I really appreciate how you approach everything on this channel. Even the comment guidelines. It's so important for us to approach things in a civil and respectful manner. Conversations like this is how we use science to tease out the details of the world around us.

In fairness, I've only watched this video (and not read the paper), but it seems to me that the statistical analysis is flawed in only assessing the frequency of individual symbols. If you accept the premise of special significance between symbols and equinoxes/solstices (which seems unproven), then you would expect each symbol to only appear in the company of the three other symbols, and not be in the company of any of the other 8.

Excellent as always. Pillar 43, or "Vulture Pillar, depict a Vulture, Scorpion, Fox and a bird possibly an Ibis. Aquarius is represented by the Fox, somewhat inconveniently this symbol is represented on other pillars facing left and right. If this represents a constellation then why this discrepancy, the Hankovians dismiss this as" artistic licence", hardly scientific analysis. They also ignore the carvings on the edge of the pillar which do not relate to those on the face. Connecting younger dryas with the impact crater in Northern Greenland is a case of indefensible pseudoscience, as soon as it was discovered Hankovians leapt on its discovery and linked it with the younger dryas with no evidence. Until the site has been scientifically studied, it cannot be accurately dated. Dr Sweatman desires a chunk of those juicy Hancock book sales but in so doing is selling his soul but in so doing abandons all sense of credibility.

Another excellent video. At about 13 minutes you expressed the hope that the hidden parts of the pillar may have been exposed. We were there in November 2021 but unfortunately it is still exactly the same. Why, I don't know, possibly there's a worry about structural damage or maybe they haven't gotten around to it yet. My photo is exactly as on your video. But, if you haven't been there yet, you are in for a treat, the whole area around this place plus the Gaziantep and Hatay Museums are chock full of treasures. The local people are very friendly though you should definitely be aware that some of the local cuisine is extremely hot and spicy! Be careful what you order! 😁

Thank you for helping me think more critically and deprogram.

As a graphic designer I gotta say it’s a bad sign when the book cover uses Papyrus and a drop shadow. Sometimes you really can judge a book by its cover.

I hope this series will have a long future. There's no shortage of pseudo science to debunk and it's really important to be debunked. Keep up the good work!

At Gobekli Tepe, many years ago: Priest: and for this column, make the symbols that we believe to be magical and/or sacred. The vulture with the head, the scorpion, the fox, you know them. Carver: gotcha, mate.

What happens when precession placed the equinox between two constellations? Surely the ancients would have had to devise some way of indicating 'half past pisces' or 'quarter to leo'? It would be interesting to ask subjects whether a real asterism (without zodiacal lines) or a random, computer generated asterism best resembled the Ptolemean zodiacal creatures (identified by name only). Similarly, it would be interesting to test whether real or generated asterisms best resembled the symbols depicted on Pillar 43 GT. My inclination is that humanity doesn't know it's Ara from it's Equulius and matching symbols to asterisms is wholly subjective.

Thank you so much for doing these videos. This is exactly what we need in the world right now.

An excellent study in critical thinking. There are errors on every level of Sweatman’s research; this video makes a great accompaniment to first year philosophy courses or science courses in general. Shows you exactly what to watch out for. Very informative.

Whoa, whoa, whoa, Dr. Miano. I have seen the videos and read the book. Beyond possibly knowing of the precession of equinoxes, I don't recall any contention of a technological civilization being destroyed by a comet impact. There were cultures affected by the impact, but not necessarily advanced ones.

As a once upon a time student of the Philosophy of Science, I can't help but see this video as an example of the way that different disciplines create scientific knowledge. With both you and Martin being well anchored in the academy, although in different disciplines, it is excellent to see the way that one discipline processes information (physics, engineering) and how that method of data gathering and analysis is so inappropriate for another discipline (archeology, anthropology, ancient history). I think that is something that the general audience needs to understand--interdisciplinary investigations are fraught with difficulties based in the fundamental methods underpinning disciplinary practices. I also can understand why Martin feels a little attacked by this programme, and why you, David, seem to feel that your process is perfectly appropriate and respectable. Having worked in both the Arts and the Sciences in research environments, it is always interesting to see the difference in culture and practice between different disciplines. Thanks for this takeaway. Did Martin ever make the response video?

In short, Dr. Sweatman's argument is: "If these depictions are what I believe they are, then I can deduce from a statistical analysis based on this narrow assumption that these depictions are what I say they are." It's a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Fantastic once again David . Truth and integrity . Love it . Please keep it up .

Waw, you are so thorough and meticulously fair! Thank you for going along with the his hypothesis and looking for its flaws in such an un-biased way. In the past I found that many criticisms of alternative theories have failed to convince anyone because of their judgemental and patronising tone (like in the Panorama videos against G. Hancock).

i am very aware of Martin Sweatman. Regardless of agreeing with his theory or not, he is 1st class in terms of communication. He has been kind enough to reply to me a few times so i will do my best to pay him due respect. I personally dont see a connection to the constellations on pillar 43. I might be wrong, but i think it is another case of trying to connect dots that are not there. Yes, there is a hieroglyph of a scorpion at Dendera temple in Egypt, that is accepted as a reference to scorpio. We could pull any number of similarities out of the hat if we try hard enough. What i find more interesting is who and when Gobekli Tepe was built. Yes, i know is has been carbon dated to around 12,000 years ago. That sample was taken from motar in one of the walls. Academia has had no choice but to change its position in what was thought to be impossible by people in the upper paleolithic/holocene (correct me if i am wrong David but it kinda straddles both ?). Stone age hunter gatherers had some spare time and used it to build a very complex site. Some stones weigh up to 20 tons and are carved in high relief. This is quite sophisticated stuff we are talking about. There has to be a backstory to Gobekli Tepe. It didn't just appear one weekend. It implies highly organised thinking and team work. It also implies settlement and agriculture, they are Klaus Schmidts words. The bottom line, Gobekli Tepe confronts us and challenges the human timeline...with evidence. I'm babbling so will just say a big thanks for this upload David...peace to ya.

This is very intriguing, thank you Professor!

Of all the constellation bird suggestions you forget the most important one, Vulture Cadens (Lyra) containing the polestar Vega a 12000BC. Even Sweatman didnt realise there is actually "a vulture constellation" near Scorpio.

This is not just a very interesting video, the content could, potentially, be very valuable. I think when I was young and reading science fiction, I became aware that constellations don't really exist. Possibly as a result of pareidolia, we see patterns in the stars, planets, clouds and cracks in walls of things that aren't really there. The elements are not actually connected except by a trick of human perception. I was amazed at a paper on the perception of the "zodiac" by South American tribes being about the spaces rather than the stars and planets as points on a line. As pointed out, different cultures have different zodiacs, and that's because there is no real object being described. What's important here is that the Alt.Reality people have taken our concept of zodiac as a real thing and are imposing that, with scant evidence and little rationality, on the beliefs and practices of people we know little about. They are acting like the main character in Macaulay's funny book, Motel of the Mysteries. If, still unproven, the forms inscribed at the Turkish site, are identical to those at other sites, it could shed light on population and cultural dispersion. Thanks for another great video.

Thank you professor for uploading this video. Thank you for destroying these morons in the thorough manner that you do. These people are dangerous and are stupefying our institutions. In the age of TikTok archaeology we need your channel more than ever. Thank you 🙏

I see so spectacular about G T that "Flips archeology and history on its head". Somehow people seem to think it's ignored by "mainstream archaeology" (I've read both of those assertions). Also it's nice to see someone point out that the 1000 yr discrepancy. I feel like our modern mind lumps everything before 200 bce as a 50 to 100 year time period.

Thanks, love your channel. I've been binging it! 🍻

Dude his justification for his stats is absolute nonesense. Lol and he asked you to do the thing because it's emotional manipulative.

Wow! This Sweatman guy is based at Edinburgh University? I shall definitely be advising my two nephews against seeking Higher Education in Scotland!!! (and yes I know, Sweatman got his degree at University of Bristol - I shall be advising them against that option too!) What a hack...

I just want to say I love this channel.

It’s fascinating that the motif of the vulture and the disarticulated human are so widespread and enduring.

I have only recently been diving into this topic. Thank you so much for keeping critical thinking and the scientific method in the analysis of GT. Strong work!

Another awesome video!

I find Dr. Sweatman’s analysis 100% convincing and brilliant. For starters, if one wanted to encode a date at that time, and you don’t have a written calendar, then using a star date would be the only way to do it. The idea that animals may represent gods or hunting success has problems. Who would choose, for example, a crab as a God or a symbol of hunting success? And then is the incredible strength of the statistic analysis. Everything fits into Sweatmans explanation, whereas other explanations are pure guesswork.

Confirmation bias is a thing. A statement should be made here, "This is what I see, but I'm certain someone else more qualified than I will have a better explanation."

Awesome video, really informative. One thing that eats at the back of my mind is the question of "so what?" Like, let's just assume that he's 100% correct, that the people in the caves and all over Turkey and whatnot are all using the exact same zodiac symbols, despite being separated by thousands of miles and years. So? How does this prove an ancient advanced civilization? I don't know if I can articulate this adequately, but it reminds me of the megalith people using "precision" to mean "advanced." Astrology isn't real! It's just saying the stars look like a fish or a bird or whatever. It's not science, it's not advanced. Making rocks smooth and drawing birds with suns is...indicative of what? I'd say boredom before I'd say advanced! Why does this advanced civilization only leave behind dumb woo-woo stuff like astrology and pictures of snake people and whatever? That's all that humanity kept after the cataclysm? Not like, tylenol or grain seeds or like a pair of scissors? Nope, just the weird pictures of jaguars and buckets, which we're supposed to interpret as the date of a comet. Cool, cool. Thanks again for another great video, very glad there are serious historians like you out there willing to put in the work to correct the record about this stuff.

Hello, David. After watching the video I have a question about the Pilar 43, why the Zodiac explanation ? It seems to me more logical and easy answer , to take the figures of the Pilar as a guide of which animals are edible and how to prepare them. Apart from the vulture, the rest of the figures seemed “prepared” as a hunted would do, and how to store the bodies without the heads on the baskets and so on… I enjoy a lot your videos and shorts, sorry about commenting a video from a year ago, but I hope you read the coments. Kind regards from Spain.

11:33 The vulture you are looking at is Ophiuchus. The circle it is holding onto its wing, represents the celestial northern pole.

I think Occam's Razor has been fully dulled on the rock art of stone age propositions here. To take a symbol, give it your own singular interpretation, extend that interpretation to your own singular proposition of world history/culture and then set up your own biased analytical tools to show statistical interpretations of it (automatically excluding any options that would really toss the interpretation out on its head) is really strange. Well, not quite if given a healthy dose of megalomania or plain greed to sell books at any cost. The author claims it is not pseudoarchaeology but it certainly has the faint odor of it, kind of look likes it and certainly sounds like it. Of course we may all be wrong and Chariots OT Gods may be on spot also. Not going to hold my breath.

I would put numbers in the range of 100,000+ in the boxes in the first probability test. I would have no confidence that any of the stick drawings on the 1-in-140 million graphic (“probability test #1” chapter at about 40:20 in this video) correspond to the carving on the left. For example, the best match, the canine” carving, has a very flat snout. The drawing next to it has a fully pointed snout. Some of the others, such as the bending bird are so vague and different from the animal, that I cannot imagine how anyone can see a useful similarity. To be fair, I would say similar things for the known constellations and the associated animals. But “vaguely like” in one way does not mean that every other shapes vaguely like the animal is the same as anything else vaguely like the animal. The “goose” has a stout beak that looks good for cracking nuts, so it is not an accurate selection of any goose

I don't understand the "obsession" with "handbags", it's not like it's advanced technology, right? Anyway, this channel makes me think about that meme "someone is wrong on the internet", but instead of "internet" it's more like "academia". But I have to say, can't help but feel a bit entranced by that theory about the people who did this place having recorded the impact that a solar eclipse left on them...

The vultures are used to ritually pick the bones clean of deceased individuals in ancient Mesopotamia, and then once they are cleaned by the birds, the bones are buried. It's not hunting, it's funerary and religious. No one hunts vultures. They remove the heads as well, and place the skull in an urn as part of the burial.

Hey Dr. M., amazing the amount of time and effort you have given to examining Mr Sweatman's claims. This and other archaeological sites seem to hold the potential to document the transition between hunter gatherer life styles and later pastoral then rudimentary agricultural modes of sustenance. This is vital information for learning how our species developed first the motivation, then the facility to quarry and transport large stones. It would take centuries to develop the techniques needed to determine what type of rock was usable and available ( soft lime stone ), and how to move it from quarry to building site. Early on it may have been a yearly gathering of various groups for trade purposes or other social groupings that bring people ( and ideas ) together. They still would have required mobility for most of the year for hunting and possibly moving of herds. It could be that during these gatherings, that may have fulfilled numerous social and spiritual needs, some wanted to build something larger and more permanent than the make-shift shelters they usually inhabited. Maybe they wanted something grand that would honor their togetherness and their common beliefs. The construction would have taken untold hundreds of years, given the fact only about 5% of the total area has been excavated. The fact that someone decided to carve mythic animals and other simple depictions on the walls seems unremarkable, given human nature. The idea that someone or group, in this setting, came up with a complex system of astrology, that would correspond, magically, to a system developed by a far later and highly literate culture, before devising a system of writing nor a calendar of their own, doesn't seem all that workable. Thanks for your defense of real learning and scholarly integrity. Stay strong!!

When mr sweatman was explaining pillar 43 it did seem a big leap to suggest the hand bags were actually sunsets and the little animals constellations, I must admit! And the headless man representing a civilisation destroying cataclysm was a really big leap, that, in my opinion would merit something a lot clearer? What do I know though, I'm just a laymen! P.s That was a heated tit for tat, I would really like to see a debate between the 2 of you, recorded or live, all I'm interested in is the truth no matter what it is!

I have enjoyed your channel and work along with Martin's, along with Graham's, along with Stephen milos along with many others! This video was apparently made for me! As I am fascinated by the evidence and information available to a layman on this time period and all the different hypotheses so, I'm only 10 mins into your video, but I'm loving it, some knowledgeable objective interesting information, I'm sure I will comment again once I've watched it all! However for the time being sooo far so good bud, very good editing, understanding, explanation, research, keep up the good work bud! Kind regards me

This is an excellent critique, very objective. Most Constellation/Pillar 43 correlations are pulled out of somebody's head. Rod Hale's is not. But Rod Hale didn't know what to make of the empirically observable connection he discovered. I knew the "Rosetta Stone", so to speak. Frances Rollestone discovered it in the 19th century. I knew her work very well, so, when I saw Rod Hale's discovery, I dropped to my knees. The only reason I could not believe it is because empirical observation said I had to believe it. Eyes to see do see. Only after seeing P43, Hale, and Rolleston' s work all coherently, clearly connect with what mankind has known for over 2000 years did I recognize what was carved across the top of P43 in plain sight for everyone to see who has eyes to see. Watch Gobekli Tepe and the Mazzaroth, Part 1, Part 2, and Gobekli Tepe: Noah's Monument to God's Ark. Then you also will know.

Thanks Dr Miano.

Great video. I did have a thought, is there any examples in history where a circle of stones marks out territory or clans? instead of it being a map of the sky could it be equivalent of where 4 states come together in the US? i could see it being more practical that the clan of the bird for example with some basic landmarks known at the time denoting their territory.. thank you again for a great breakdown and keep them coming, anything prehistory has me in rapt attention.

I only just recently started really looking into some of the (known) history of pre-agricultural revolution humanity and was surprised by the sheer amount of stuff here. I had always assumed that before agriculture was conceived, hunter-gatherers were more or less nomadic, or at least I thought it would be pointless to try and establish fully permanent residence in an area when farming wasn’t really a thing yet. Just learning that sites like golbeki tepe exist completely blew that conception out of the water, I’m very curious to learn more.

15:14 this was a big revelation to me. I didn’t know that the constellation lines were added later.

To me, the vulture has a resemblance to the constellation Cygnus, which would have been close to the north celestial pole at the time. Also, the scorpion is below and to the right of the vulture and the constellation Scorpio is below and to the right of Cygnus in the night sky.

Was just watching this again. Leaving the pseudoscience aside, I find this pre-Sumerian period particularly captivating. I think because it has a feel of being on the cusp of civilisation in the urban sense. I don't know how accurate that feeling is as I understand there were agrarian and livestock settlements but this feels more. It is fair to say that this marks an urban step forwards in terms of the sophistication and extent of towns? Does is mark an urban first? Also, with regard to burial. I've been reading about this and I understand much earlier traditions from the Fertile Crescent had burial inside the dwellings which evolved over time. Is there any sign of a gradual transition along the Crescent to Turkey in burial rights or was each culture doing its own thing? Is it likely the heads were preserved as a historical record, a connection to their ancestry? Is there any link to status, a rather gruesome analogue of sorts for a modern day British noble having a coat of arms? Or do we simply not know?

Nerds LOVE archaeo-astronomic explanations for everything! It's convient because these depicts ancient people as almost "scientific" astronomers. It PRESUMES the rationality of ancient peoples and connects them to modern science. But this is very much a bias, and there's nothing really that's suggesting this in many many cases. This bias however will make very much sense for many science-minded people. It's far harder to understand irrational worldviews and aestetics of ancient religions. So these peoples assume what's close to their mind. It can be quite hard to fully understand the world views and aestetics of contemporary civilizations also. Go and give me a fully "correct" interpretation of the aestetics of the Dogon people of contemporary Mali without talking to them, and you'll see what I mean.

From my limited perspective, since 1) The griffon vulture is the highest-flying bird in the region (now - Idk about GT times), and 2) Some cultures think that the essence of a person stays in its brain, and 3) The human head in the carving is , maybe, idealized as round, then 4) Maybe the GT people thought the vultures ate the brains of the dead and effectively carried the person to the skies. 2 and 3 involve significant speculation

I find this video, highly compelling!

I’ve watched almost all your videos in the past few weeks and they are very interesting. My only issue is that there is an underlying tone of “bullying” these guys who are basically amateur researchers. I feel like you come into a lot of these videos with a clear personal bias and it comes across as shaming. I understand debunking silly theories and many aspects of alternative history but I do wish you would challenge more academic guys instead of guys like Uncharted X. Would love for you to challenge actual, trained and experienced researchers with published/peer reviewed data.

of course this theory has legs, how else could it jump to so many conclusions?

This is why we are where we are, proper academics have do research - check that this can be replicated - review and re-check look for other supporting information and then look for other works that may have covered the proposed information previously - then you can publish - this on archaeology can take many years on very large sites as you need to excavate large amounts of spoil in a slow and recorded methodical manor. if he is a fan boy of GH then you just make stuff up and decide that you are now the world expert and cant be challenged.

Another amazing video

I don’t know how you’re so patient with conspiracy theorists and those who use pseudoscience, but I hope it helps some of them come to their senses. Being rigorous and inherently skeptical is vital if you’re claiming to scientific.

A funny moment was when Graham Hancock was talking in one of his lectures saying that he was angry at how Scientists called him a pseudo-scientist, then later on at the Q&A part one of his fan audience said I don't understand, if they want to call us pseudo-scientist, then Yes, we are, and we are proud to be different ! 😅 😂 🤣 That's when you know , what drugs do to people... words have no meaning anymore.

Love your work

There are two major statistical mistakes on top of the ones you noted. First of all, he identifies constellations with animals by saying that these four animals were used at a particular time. So the horse at Lascaux is Leo because Leo was one of the solstice/equinox signs at the time that Lascaux was painted. However, one of the ways he "confirms" his hypothesis is to check whether the signs he identified were in use during that period but not before or after. So it's "animal x is sign S because x is popular around year y", and then he claims that we have statistical evidence that x is sign S... because x is more popular around year y. Furthermore, his claim is that the uses of these symbols would be cyclic, over 6.5K years. But he doesn't check for cyclicity. So if x is popular around year y, and then drops off, and never comes back, then this would be "evidence" for his thesis.

12000 year old monuments with 3D stone carvings, built by a pre-sedentary, hunter gatherer society. Buried under a hill in 8000 BC. If that’s what hunter gatherers could rock up and produce back then, what went wrong with human development ??

The more times I hear Grahams name, the more violent urges I have. It's something about charlatans preying on malleable people for profit that really rubs me the wrong way. Martin on the other hand, just seems misguided and ill-equipped for the subject at hand. I harbor no ill will against him at all, just sadness that he listens to Graham.

the 3 'handbags' are Rafidim (twin), Massa (manasse) and Meriba (mara) - rafidim (comforters) = place of rest - massa = place of tarnish, oblivion - meriba = place of bitterness In other words : it are frightening graves, pits (PSALM 95) stele 43 is all about a death-cult (sunset-dawn) mourning, judgement (scorpio), death (the headless) and the cyclus of life (cranes, storks), announcer of death (vulture) and a goose (fertile eggs) .

One thing scientists or human never think of is that there is also design or just an attempt to decorate, some of this stone may mean nothing rather then something the artist thinks looks nice.

Mentioning Hancock doesn't help his credibility.. I used to take Hancock seriously too so shouldn't act like too much of a smartass.. but I don't claim to be a scientist.

"Tis but a scratch" - Prehistory Decoded

I love a good debunk

For Klaus: Göbekli Tepe is a school. Pillar 43, The Vulture Stone, is a giant map of their country approx 200mi x 600mi from the Dead Sea (the dog at the bottom), up the Jordan River (the Snake) to the Golan Heights (the Vulture…there is an impact crater or old volcano directly above the wing that is the Circle) to the Beqaa Valley (square Belt) to the Mediterranean (the 3 Giant Waves tossing man and beast depicting The Flood, or waves of a tsunami on the Mediterranean), to the Euphrates River (Big Bird with long legs like the Euphrates), to Harran and the Tepe’s (square tail of the Fish), to the Karaca Dag mountains of Turkey. Bonus!: The mountains to the right of the Golan Heights shaped like a scorpion is The Scorpion! There is a lot more I discovered. Very cool! No astrology, astronomy, religion or aliens. Just a good old fashioned physical map of the individual States of their country. Amazing, actually.

The handbags strike again.

I feel you've misrepresented Sweatman's ideas concerning Hancock's work. You know it's possible to be a fan of someone's work and not agree with aspects of that work? I'm pretty sure Sweatman has never promoted the idea that the YD impact destroyed a lost civilization. Are you equating ancient knowledge of precession with whatever "ancient lost technology" is supposed to mean?

Karahan Tepe is older and looking to be more important than Gobekli Tepe because of the size and what is yet to be uncovered there, but there seems to be specific buildings for specific animals at Karahan Tepe and there is also a celestial alignment with the winter solstice on the head of a human with a snakes body wrapping around the top of a room. Karahan Tepe also looks like it came straight out of Conan the Barbarian and when looking over at the valley and hills in the distance from Karahan Tepe you can tell its a really important place and you could see 3 other Tepe's in the distance that havent even been touched. Gobekli Tepe has 1 portal stone Karahan Tepe has over 200 and its not fully excavated. Maybe they would put one of these animals in the room that has its depictions and someone would have to enter to slay the beast to pass some sort of test to prove they where fit to rule. Or maybe its like Chinese culture where years are given to certain animals and certain rooms would be used to honour the animal of that year. With Gebekli Tepe being more recent was there a loss of technology like in Egypt where the greatest works where the earliest and as time went by knowledge was lost and rituals became less important and thats why Gobekli Tepe is a bit of a puzzle and doesnt look as good as the carvings at Karahan Tepe and is a much smaller site.